Pamene dziko lonse lapansi likusintha, FAA idzagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zatsopano . Chimodzi mwa machitidwe oyambirira omwe akutsatiridwa mu pulogalamu ya FAA's NextGen ndi ADS-B, yomwe imayimira Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast. Pofuna kuthetsa ntchito, FAA ikugwirizanitsa ADS-B monga gwero loyendetsa ndege zonse mkatikati mwa kayendedwe ka ndege.
Ngakhale kuti ADS-B ikugwira ntchito zambiri ku United States, pakadalibe mafunso okhudza ngozi ndi ndalama zomwe zikukhudzidwa.
Udindo wa ADS-B
Posachedwapa, makampani oyendetsa ndege adzafunsidwa kulandira lingaliro la kuthawa kwaulere, njira yochepetsera chisokonezo cha mlengalenga pogwiritsa ntchito ADS-B. Mchitidwe wa ADS-B umachepetsanso ntchito yoyendetsa woyendetsa ndege ndi woyang'anira komanso amapereka njira zowonetsera ndege, kupulumutsa ndalama ndi nthawi kudutsa gululo.
Kwa zaka zambiri, kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka ndege ku United States kakhala ndi zolephera. Mchitidwewu ukupitiriza kuwona kuwonjezeka kwa zofuna za ogula komanso kuchedwa.
Mu lipoti la 2009, FAA inati, "Popanda NextGen padzakhala gridlock m'mlengalenga. Pofika m'chaka cha 2022, FAA inanena kuti kulephera kuwononga ndalama zokwana madola 22 biliyoni pachaka ku America. Nambala imeneyo imakula kufika pa $ 40 biliyoni pofika 2033 ngati kayendetsedwe ka ndege sikasinthidwa. "
Udindo wa dongosolo la ADS-B ndi lalikulu. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri GPS ndi malo owonetsetsa kuti apange olamulira ndi oyendetsa ndege ndi deta yeniyeni yeniyeni. Detayi, yolondola kwambiri kuposa radar yokha, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa kusiyana pakati pa ndege, kuonjezera chitetezo ndi kupereka njira zowonjezereka kwa ndege.
Kuwonjezera apo, magalimoto a nthawi yeniyeni ndi ntchito za nyengo zidzaperekedwa pa sitimayo ya ndege, nthawi zina popanda mtengo kwa wogwira ntchito.
ADS-B imagwiritsa ntchito transponder yochokera ku ndege (Njira S), kayendedwe ka satana kayendedwe ka ndege (GNSS), ndi malo osungirako nthaka kuti adziwe kutalika, kuthamanga ndi kuyendetsa ndege. Chidziwitsocho chimatumizidwa kuchokera ku ndege kupita ku ndege ndi kuchokera ku ndege kupita ku malo osungirako magetsi kapena pansi, pamodzi ndi maphwando ena onse omwe akugwira ntchito.
Zoopsa za Chitetezo
Zonsezi, dongosolo la ADS-B ndikulingalira kwakukulu kwa tsogolo la kayendedwe ka ndege. Koma sizowopsa. Pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la radar lomwe liribe pangozi, kayendetsedwe kabwino ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, kusunthira ku dongosolo latsopano kumabweretsa mafunso okhutira, ngozi zotetezeka ndi mtengo. Kodi ndi mafunso ndi zoopsa zotani, ndipo kodi zakhala zochepetsedwa kuti zikhale zovomerezeka?
Ngakhale kuti FAA yasonyeza kuti zotsatira zake zidzakhala njira yabwino yowonetsera kayendetsedwe ka ndege, ndipo apanga kafukufuku kuti ayimbenso kuwunikira, adzafunika kupitiliza kufufuza ndikuyambiranso pulogalamuyi kuchokera ku chitetezo maganizo. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira iliyonse yatsopano kungabweretse zolakwika zosadziwika ndi ngozi.
Kwa ADS-B, ngozizi zikuphatikizapo:
- Maphunziro ndi zinthu za umunthu
- Kulephera kwa GPS
- Kupanga mavenda
- Nkhani zotetezera.
Nkhani izi siziyenera kuthetsedwa kwathunthu, koma zazindikiritsidwa kuti ndizoopsa ndi zochitika zomwe zatengedwa kuti kuchepetse chiopsezo chawo mochuluka. Kuphunzira kwa 2000 kunamaliza njira yodziyimira yoyendetsera polojekitiyi ponena za dongosolo lonselo, ndipo adapeza chiopsezo chokhacho "cholamulidwa kuti chikhale chovomerezeka."
Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha ADS-B, Gulu la Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito ya Capstone System linakhazikitsidwa mu mgwirizano ndi FAA kupereka kafukufuku woyenera ndi kusanthula koopsa kwa ADS-B. Mavuto amatsimikiza ndi awa:
Zochitika zaumunthu
- Kusokonezeka ndi kutaya chidziwitso
- Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosayenera kwa ndege
- Woyendetsa pilot njira zolakwika
- Kusamvana ndi ATC
- Kutaya chidziwitso cha mkhalidwe chifukwa cha "nthawi yochuluka" nthawi
Zowopsa Zowonongeka
- Zolakwitsa zamalonda
- Kutaya kwa kulankhulana
- Wonongeka
Avionics Imalephera
Zolakwa za GPS
Weather, traffic ndi malo osokonekera
- Kupanda kufotokoza
- Malingaliro osakwanira
- Malo osungirako malonda
Kusokonezeka kwa chitetezo
- Kusindikiza, kupanikizana ndi masking
Kawirikawiri, ngozizi zafufuzidwa, kufufuzidwa, kuchepetsedwa ndi kuvomerezedwa. Koma imodzi mwaziopsezo zazikulu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ADS-B zidakalipobe: Zolakwika za anthu. Ngati woyendetsa sitimvetsetsa zipangizo zomwe akugwiritsa ntchito, dongosololi limakhala pangozi m'malo mwa phindu. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti machitidwe apamwamba a avionics amafunika kuphunzitsidwa mwakuya ndi kumvetsa kuti ogwira ntchito azigwiritsa ntchito mosamala, ndipo ogwira ntchito ambiri sangafune kulandira maphunziro omwe akufunikira kuti apulumuke ndi ADS-B. Ndipo lamulo la FAA la ADS-B kuti ndege zonse zikhale ndi ADS-B pofika chaka cha 2020 zidzakulimbitsa mtengo ndi ngozi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi apononiki apamwamba ndi zolakwika za anthu.
Ntchito ya Capstone inatsimikiza kuti mitu yambiri-nthawi yoperewera pogwiritsa ntchito ADS-B ikhoza kuchititsa kuti anthu ambiri asadziwe, komanso kuti ngakhale ngozi ingawonongeke, vutoli lingakhale loopsa. Ichi ndi chiopsezo chokhazikika chomwe chidzapitirirabe kukhala vuto kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ADS-B pamene ikukhala kuwonjezeka kwa dziko louluka. Oyendetsa ndege amayenera kulandira udindo wothana ndi zoopsa zonsezi mwa kuphunzitsa ndi kuzindikira.
Zonse zikadzanenedwa ndi kuchitidwa, ADS-B ndizoonjezera bwino, zowonjezera kuwonjezera pa kayendedwe ka ndege. Koma monga njira iliyonse yothandizira kayendetsedwe ka ndege kapena avionics, ndi yabwino basi.