Donald Trump wakhala akuwombera Boeing mokondwera kuti awononge ndalama zowonetsera ndege ya Air Force One . Kaya malingaliro ake asintha njira ya Boeing ikukhalabe kuti iwonekere. Ndipo ngakhale iwe kapena ine sitikuuluka pa Air Force One posakhalitsa, kusintha kwakukulu kopambana kumachitika mu malonda a ndege omwe adzasintha njira yomwe anthu akuyenda, ndipo zakhala zikusazindikiridwa ndi aliyense kunja kwa mafakitale.
Ndege ya jumbo ikuchoka. Maulendo a ndege oyendetsa ndege ambiri omwe amawonekera kwambiri ngati mawonekedwe a Boeing 747 akukhala mofulumira. "Mfumukazi ya Mlengalenga" ikudutsa korona yake ku nyengo yaing'ono ndi yowonda ya ndege.
Zimalengedwa ndipo zinalengedwa m'zaka za 1960 kuti zinyamule padziko lonse lapansi zitheke, Boeing 747 inakonzedweratu kukhala tsogolo la kuthawa kwamtunda, transoceanic. Ndipo kwa zaka pafupifupi 50, zachita chimodzimodzi. Chifukwa chotha kunyamula okwera 500 okwera maulendo 7,000 (kapena makilogalamu 274,000 pamtunda wa makilomita 2000), 747 inapangitsa Boeing ndi US kupanga mafakitale pa nthawi yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri - nthawi ndi pambuyo pa Cold War.
Mu 1966, zoposa 80747 zinapangidwa. Pofika chaka cha 1991 chiwerengerocho chinakwera kufika pa 120 pamene bizinesi yamtundu wa mlengalenga inayamba. Pakalipano, makampani oyendetsa ndege monga momwe tinkadziwira kuti idasintha kale.
Chida-cholankhulira chimene chinabweretsa okwera ndege kupita kumalo othawirapo kumene angatengeke m'ng'anjo yayikuluyi ya ndegeyi inali kale yovuta. Anthu okwera ndege nthawi zonse amafuna maulendo oyendetsa ndege komanso ngati maulendo akuluakulu amakhala aakulu kwambiri, ndege zimayenda ulendo wapadera kuchokera ku maulendo a satana ndi mizinda ing'onoing'ono - ntchito yabwino yoperekedwa ndi jets injini monga 787 Dreamliner ndi Airbus A350.
Ndipo pamene ma jets omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi mapepala a injini amavomerezedwa ku ETOPs , akutumikira njira za transoceanic zomwe kale zinkalamulira 747. Boeing sanabwerere ndege zochuluka zokwana 80747, ndipo atatha kupereka 1500th 747 mu June 2014, kampaniyo ikupanga zosakwana 10 pa chaka. Mu Januwale 2016, Boeing adalengeza kuti izi zidzachepetsanso kupanga 747, ngakhale zisanu ndi chimodzi pachaka.
Masiku ano, 747 ikuthawidwa ndi ma jets akuluakulu monga ma Boeing 777, omwe tsopano akutambasulidwa kuti akwane anthu oposa 400, komanso ma bokosi akuluakulu, ndi Boeing 787 Dreamliner. Boeing akuti posachedwapa amasiya kupanga 747 ponseponse, ponena za kufunika kochepa kwa mayiko apadziko lonse ndi kuwonjezeka kwa msika wa msika padziko lonse.
The 747 si ndege yokha yozungulira. Mabomba awiri oyendetsa injini ya injini akhala akutumikira m'misika pafupi ndi Boeing 747 panthawi ya ulamuliro wake ndipo tipitiliza kuwona ena mwa iwowa mtsogolo. Ndege ya A340 inachititsa kuti msika wautali ukhale wautali pamaso pa mapepala a ETOPS asanakhale chinthu, ndipo Airbus A380, yomwe imayesedwa kuti ndi yankho lapadziko lonse la ndege zowonongeka, imakhalanso kumapeto ngati nthawi yake, ngakhale Emirates sakanakonda kuganizira za izo.
Airbus A340 imakhala ndi injini zinayi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamayambe kuziletsa ku mayiko a ETOPs ndipo izi zimakhala zomveka bwino komanso zodziwika kwa ndege zogwira ndege kunja kwa ndege, koma mwamsanga zinalowetsedwa ndi ndege zatsopano zamapoto. A340 inayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1993 koma zaka zoposa 10 zapitazo kampaniyo inasowa makasitomala ambiri a A340 ku Boeing 777 - ndege yatsopano yowonjezera, yowonjezera mafuta komanso yowonjezera mapaipi ndi mabelu onse. Boeing anapeza mwamsanga ETOPS 240 ndi kupitirira 777 ndi injini zake zatsopano, kuti zikhale malo abwino a A340 ndipo akupha mwayi uliwonse wa ndege yaikulu. Pafupifupi 227 ndege za A340 zinali zitagwira ntchito mpaka chaka cha 2015, koma kupanga kwaimitsidwa mu 2011.
A380 nayenso akhala akuzunzidwa nthawi zamakampani oyendetsa ndege ndi chuma cha padziko lonse.
Kuwonjezera pa kuchepa kwachuma kwa dziko lonse kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000, A380 anakumana ndi zowawa zambiri. Nthawi yoti chitukuko cha A380 chikhazikitsidwe sichingakhale choipira. Zowonongeka ndi kuchedwa kwa zokolola, zinayambika mu 2005, patatha nthawi yomwe zinakonzedweratu ndipo zitatha zigawenga ku World Trade Center mumzinda wa New York pa September 11, 2001, zomwe zinayendetsa makampani opanga ndege ndi kuzungulira padziko lapansi ndi kulemera kwa dziko lonse. Kuwonjezera apo, ndege yatsopano yomwe inangokonzedwa kuti ikhale yawiri yapamwamba imakumana ndi ululu wosiyanasiyana wofanana ndi zolakwitsa zapangidwe ndi mavuto oyendetsa ndege. Izi, monga momwe kayendetsedwe ka ndege kanayamba kukhalira ndikupanga ma jets abwino kwambiri omwe amapanga mapepala a injini monga A350, 777, ndi 787, ogulitsa zotsika mtengo kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa njira zowonongeka mofanana ndi malo otsika- mayendedwe amsewu. Pokhala ndi mpikisano wothamanga komanso bwino, ndege zatsopanozi zinagwiritsa mwamsanga njira iliyonse yomwe A380 ingakhale nayo. Kuwonjezera pa izi kuchepa kwa zinthu zonse, ndipo n'zosadabwitsa kuti ndege zogwiritsa ntchito A380 zinasintha ndi kuletsa malamulo apadera. Ndege poyamba inakonza kupanga 45 A380s pachaka. Zomwe zinapangidwa mu 2013 pa 42 ndipo zagwa mofulumira kuyambira, ndi ndege ziwiri zokha zomwe zinapangidwa mu 2015.
Masiku ano, Airbus ikudalira pa Emirates pafupifupi theka la malonda a A380 (Emirates adalamula 142) ndipo Boeing akudalira pa msika wa katundu wodula kuti 747 akhale amoyo. Mu October 2016, UPS inalamula ndege zokwana 14,747-8, ndipo mphamvu zowonjezera zimakhalapobe kwa ogulitsa katundu monga UPS ndi FedEx, poganizira kukula kwa intaneti ndi malonda akuluakulu monga Amazon.com. UPS ndi ena othandizira katunduyo ali olimba kuti apitirize kukula kwawo, ngakhale kukula kwake kunanenedwa kuti ndichedwa pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi kuyembekezera. Ndipo British Airways ikhoza kuchokapo pa ma 747, koma imaperekanso kusunga pafupifupi 40 ngati ndege 747 zotsalira pa zaka 10 zotsatira.
Pokhala ndi UPS ndi British Airways pokhala okhawo osewera kwambiri osewera pamsewera, ndegeyi ikuimirabe mpaka liti?
Mu 2014, Delta Air Lines inalengeza kuti idzayendetsa ndege zake za Boeing 747 pofika mu 2017. Pofika 2016, ndegeyo inali kugwira ntchito 747 okha basi. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2016, bungwe la United Airlines linalengeza kuti kampaniyi idzapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yopitilirapo 747, ndipo ntchitoyi iyenera kuthera mu 2018. KLM inalengeza mu 2015 kuti idzachotsa zombo zonse za ndege 747, ngakhale kuti kampaniyo idati cholinga chake chinali kutulutsa ndege 22 yomaliza kwa nthawi yaitali, ngakhale kuposa 2020. Singapore Airlines, Air France, ndi Cathay Pacific, pakati pa ena, adalengezanso ndondomeko 747 yopuma pantchito. Ena adachotsa kwathunthu ma 747.
Kwa ndege zamakampani, mwina kwa okwera, komanso kwa chilengedwe, ndege zowononga mafuta komanso zachilengedwe zowononga zachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo njira zowonongeka, ndizokulandira bwino. Ndipo kotero, monga nyanja zazikulu zamakedzana, kugwedeza kwakukulu kwa gasi, ngalawa zopanda mphamvu za kumwamba zakumana ndi tsiku lawo. Imeneyi ndi nthawi yosangalatsa kwambiri kwa iwo omwe adawona kuwonjezeka kwa Boeing 747 kuti alemekezedwe, adawona momwe zinasinthira kuyenda maulendo ndi kayendedwe ka dziko lonse monga momwe tinkadziwira, ndipo tsopano tiwone kuti ikuwulukira kumadzulo.