Sewero la Pilot-Eligible, S-LSA, E-LSA, ndi E-AB
Ndege zapamwamba zamtunduwu (LSA) zinayamba kuwonjezeka, koma zakhala zikuvuta posachedwapa kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu zomwe zidalipo pamene adalowa msika. Komabe, oyendetsa ndege lero angapeze chitifiketi choyendetsa masewera mu ndege yopanga masewera ndi ndalama zochepa komanso nthawi yocheperapo kuposa chilolezo choyendetsa ndege. Ndege zing'onozing'onozi ndizosawonongeka kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kugwira ntchito kuposa ndege zodziŵira ndege zam'mbuyomu.
Ndiye bwanji osatchuka kwambiri?
Ndege Zotani Zowona Ndizo
Mwa kutanthawuza, ndege yonyamula maseŵera, kapena LSA, iyenera kukhala nayo:
- Kulemera kwake kumapitirira 1320 peresenti kapena zochepa (1430 pochita madzi).
- Mpweya wapamwamba (Vh) wa makina 120 CAS (mlingo wothamanga, mphamvu yaikulu yopitilira, zikhalidwe zofanana).
- Kuti mukhale ndi magalasi, othamanga kwambiri (Vne) ya mazenera 120 kapena osachepera.
- Vs1 (msinkhu wothamanga wopanda mavoti) osapitirira 40 maina CAS (pa max takeoff kulemera ndi CG ovuta kwambiri).
- Kukhala ndi anthu osaposa 2 (kuphatikizapo woyendetsa ndege).
- Injini imodzi yokhayokha.
- Malo osungira malo (kapena kusintha-pansi). Ogwiritsira ntchito amagwiritsidwe ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi malingaliro opanga galimoto ngati ali ndi zida zosinthika.
- Kwa gyroplanes, tsamba lokhazikika, losasunthika, laling'ono la rotor.
- A cabin osakanikizika.
- Zida zoyendetsa ndege, kupatula ndege zogwiritsira ntchito pamadzi ndi magalasi, omwe angakhale ndi magalimoto okonzeka kapena okonzeka.
Mitundu ndi Chiwerengero
Ndege zamasewera amatha kukhala ndege yoyendera kapena kuyesera ndipo imaphatikizapo gliders, gyroplanes, powered-parachute, ndege zowonongeka, mabuloni, ndi ndege. Komanso, LSAsgawikidwa m'magulu anayi:
- Ndege Yoyamba / Ndege Yoyendetsedwa: Ndege zomwe zakhalapo kale zomwe zimachitika pokwaniritsa zofuna za LSA ndipo zikhoza kuyendetsedwa ndi oyendetsa ndege.
- S-LSA: Ndege zapamwamba zowonetsera masewera ndi ndege zopangidwa ndi mafakitale makamaka zopangidwira miyezo ya LSA. S-LSAs amakumana ndi ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) mfundo zovomerezeka ndipo ndi okonzeka kuuluka pamene agulitsidwa. Zikhoza kusungidwa ndi makina a A & P omwe ali muyezo kapena wokonzanso ndi kasamalidwe ka FAA LSA.
- E-LSA: Ndege zowonongeka zowonongeka zimagulitsidwa ngati makina, ndipo zingamangidwe kunyumba malinga ndi buku lopangira komanso malangizo. Olemba L-LSA ali ASTM-ovomerezeka.
- E-AB: Ndege zapamwamba zopangidwa ndi amishonale sizinthu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga ndege yowonera masewera. Koma ndege yowonetsera masewera ikhoza kusankhidwa kuti ikhale yopanga zisudzo. Ndege za E-AB ndi ndege zowonongeka, ndipo ngati zimakwaniritsa zolemba za LSA ndi zofunikira, zikhoza kuyendetsedwa ndi oyendetsa ndege. Popeza ndege za E-AB zimaphatikizapo kumanga nyumba zambiri kuposa E-LSA, ndegeyo imangogwiritsidwa ntchito paokha ndipo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pophunzitsa ndege (kupatulapo mwini ndegeyo) kapena yobwereka.
Zitsanzo za ndege zowonetsera masewerawa zikuphatikizapo Cessna 162 Skycatcher ndi Transrafugia Transition .
Ubwino wa Ndege za Ndege Zowala
- Ma mtengo otsika mtengo ndi kukonza mtengo.
- Zosavuta komanso zosauluka.
- Maphunziro a oyendetsa masewera amatha kukwanitsa ndi maola ochepa othawirapo kusiyana ndi zovomerezeka zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maphunziro ochepa mtengo.
- Woyendetsa ndege yemwe amapeza chiphaso choyendetsa masewera a masewera safunikira sayansi ya zachipatala nthawi zambiri.
- Msika watsopano ndi wochulukitsa.
Kuipa kwa Ndege za Maseŵera a Kuwala
- Nyumba zazing'ono zimakhala ndi chipinda chochepa cha mwendo.
- Malo osungirako katundu ndi zochepa zowonjezera zolemera.
- Kuyenda kofulumira komanso kofulumira.
- Oyendetsa masewera apamtunda amangokhala tsiku lomwelo VFR akuuluka pa ndege zosagonjetsedwa.
- Zowopsa zogwirizana ndi ndege zatsopano kapena / kapena zoyesera.
Nkhani Yokhudza Zachipatala
Cholinga chodziwika kwa oyendetsa masewera a masewera ndi kutha kutha popanda kupeza chiphaso cha zamankhwala . Kawirikawiri, munthu akhoza kukhala woyendetsa masewera ali ndi chilolezo chololeza, koma pali zosiyana:
- Munthu aliyense yemwe wakanidwa chiphaso chachipatala m'mbuyomo sali woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chilolezo cha dalaivala kuti atha kukhala ndi thanzi la ndege. Ngati akutsutsa zachipatala, muyenera kuitanitsa kapena kupereka mankhwala apadera, omwe ayenera kuvomerezedwa musanathamange ngati woyendetsa masewera.
- Oyendetsa ndege oyambirira kapena wamakono omwe avomereza kuti chiphaso chawo cha kuchipatala chiwonongeke angagwiritse ntchito chilolezo choyendetsa galimoto kuti apange chiyeneretso chachipatala kwa maudindo oyendetsa masewera, pokhapokha ngati sanakanidwe chiphaso chachipatala.
- Potsirizira pake, pa kalata iliyonse kapena mlingo woyendetsa ndege, woyendetsa ndege amayenera kudziyesa yekha thupi lake asanayambe kuwuluka. Choncho, FAA imanena kuti munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda omwe amadziwika kuti angasokoneze ntchito zouluka sayenera kulandira chitifiketi choyendetsa masewera pokhapokha ngati munthuyo atapeza bwinobwino chiphaso chovomerezeka cha zamoto.
Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani ndege zosavuta kwenikweni zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi makampani ochita masewera? Mwina chifukwa cha zoletsedwa zomwe zimaperekedwa. Ambiri omwe amayambira kuthawa monga masewera oyendetsa masewera amadzidzimutsa kuti phindu limene wapampikisitete wapamwamba amakhala nalo ndikusintha ku maphunziro apamwamba oyendetsa ndege. Kapena mwinamwake malondawo sanangoganizira za chiwerengero cha oyendetsa ndege amene angagwiritse ntchito mwayi wokhoza kuwuluka popanda kuchipatala. Mulimonsemo, makampani opanga ndege amatsitsimutsa zaka zingapo zapitazi.