Mwachidule
ADS-B ndi maziko a FAA's Next Generation Transportation System (NextGen). Zinapangidwa kuti zithandize kusintha kayendetsedwe kake ka airspace kukhala kothandiza kwambiri. Njira yamagalimoto yowononga mpweya idzakwaniritsa dongosolo lofunika kwambiri la zakuthambo pogwiritsa ntchito NextGen, ndipo ADS-B ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Udindo waukulu wa ADS-B ndi kupereka zenizeni zenizeni za ndege zowononga magalimoto.
Ndi sitepe pamwamba pa RADAR, yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka.
ADS-B imayimira Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast. Zimagwiritsa ntchito mauthenga a GPS kuti azitha kufotokozera zida za ndege nthawi zonse kuti azitha kuyendetsa magalimoto ndi ndege zina. ADS-B ndiyo ndondomeko yolondola yowonongeka yopanga ndege. Zidzathandiza ndege kupanga maulendo otsogolera, kuchepetsa kusokonezeka, kuchepetsa mpweya wa mpweya ndi kupulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama oyendetsa ndege.
Zida
GNSS Satellite Constellation: ADS-B ndi dongosolo la satana. Deta imatumizidwa nthawi zonse kuchokera ku seti la satellita kupita ku zipangizo za GPS zomwe zili pamtunda, komwe zimatanthauziridwa ndikutumizidwa ku malo otsika a ADS-B.
Malo Otsitsira Pansi: Padzakhala malo osungirako malo 700 ku United States omwe amalandira ma data satana ndi kutumiza deta ku malo oyendetsa magalimoto.
IFR Ovomerezeka, WAAS -wothandizidwa ndi GPS GPS: Ndege ziyenera kukhala ndi GPS yolandirira GPS ya ADS-B.
- Pulogalamu yokwana 1090 MHz Yowonjezereka yogwirizana ndi Mode S transponder OR 978 MHz Universal Access Transceiver (UAS) yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi transponder yomwe ilipo: Njira yotsirizayi ikupezeka kuti ndege zitha kuyenda pansi pa 18,000 ku United States.
Momwe Izo Zimagwirira Ntchito
ADS-B imagwira ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro za satellites ndi ma ndege a ndege kuti atanthauzire deta ya ndege ndi kuitumiza kwa oyang'anira magalimoto panthawi yopitirira komanso pafupifupi nthawi yeniyeni.
Zizindikiro za satana zimamasuliridwa ndi nthumwi ya ndege. Sayansi ya ADS-B imatenga ma data ndi satana kuchokera ku ndege ndege kuti apange chithunzi cholondola cha ndege, malo othamanga, kutalika, ndi zina zoposa 40. Deta iyi imatumizidwa ku siteshoni ya pansi ndikuyendetsa magalimoto oyendetsa magalimoto. Ndege zina zowonongeka bwino m'deralo zidzalandiranso deta, kuwonjezereka kwadzidzidzi kwa oyendetsa ndege.
Pali ntchito ziwiri zosiyana za ADS-B: ADS-B mkati ndi ADS-B kunja.
- ADS-B Kutuluka ndi ntchito yoyamba ndi yaikulu yomwe FAA yanena. Ndege yomwe imatha ADS-B Out imatha kufalitsa malo ake, mofulumira ndi kukwera kwa oyang'anira magalimoto a ndege ndi ndege zina zowonjezera ADS-B. Malingana ndi lamulo la FAA, ndege zonse zomwe zimafuna kuwuluka pamalo okwera omwe akufunikira kuti transponder zikhale ndi ADS-B Zomwe zilibe mphamvu pamaso pa January 1, 2020.
- ADS-B Mu imakhalabe mwayi wodzisankhira - pakadali pano. ADS-B Kukhoza kudzalola ndege kuti zilandire zamtundu ndi zamkudzidzidzi zenizeni pa nthawi yowonetsera ndege. ADS-B Mu ntchito ikupita pamwamba ndi kupyola machitidwe amasiku ano a zamtunda (monga TCAS) pamene amapereka deta yolondola kwambiri ndi magawo ena a deta kusiyana ndi machitidwe omwe alipo tsopano a TCAS. Mwachitsanzo, TCAS ikhoza kusonyeza kutalika kwa ndege koma osati kutsogolo. ADS-B Muziwonetseratu liwiro, malo, kutalika ndi zizindikiro za ndege zina zomwe zimagwira nawo limodzi, pamodzi ndi zida zina zambiri.
Zolakwa ndi Zoperewera
Pakalipano, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ADS-B ndi mtengo woyika zida zofunika pafupifupi ndege iliyonse m'dziko. Ngakhale kuti pulogalamuyi imapangitsa kuti ndege zisawonongeke komanso zowonjezereka, maofesi ambiri othawa pagalimoto ndi oyendetsa ndege oyendetsa ndege akukhala ndi nthawi yovuta yotsimikizira ndalamazo.
ADS-B ili ndi zolakwika zochepa za dongosolo; Mosiyana, amadziwika kuti ndi odalirika. Komabe, palibe njira yopangidwa ndi anthu yopanda chinyengo, ndipo akatswiri ena amati ADS-B (ndi GPS mwachisawawa) amawopsya ku ziwonongeko zamagetsi monga ovina kapena GPS kupanikizana. Kuonjezera apo, kuyambira ADS-B ikudalira dongosolo la GNSS, zolakwika za satana monga zolakwika nthawi ndi satana nyengo zosokoneza zingakhudze ADS-B.
Chikhalidwe Chamakono
Malingana ndi FAA, bungwe linamaliza magetsi onse a ADS-B.
Masitepewa amapereka maulendo a nyengo ndi mauthenga apamtunda ku ndege zamtundu wa ADS-B zoposa 28 za TRACON. Pa maofesi 230 a ATC, anthu oposa 100 akugwiritsa ntchito ADS-B, ndipo ena onse akuyembekezeka kukhala okonzeka kukonzekera chaka cha 2019. FAA imapereka udindo wake kuti ndege zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito pa airspace ziyenera kukhala ADS-B Zomwe zinapangidwa ndi January 1, 2020 .
Ntchito Yabwino
Pali kusatsimikizika komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu yeniyeni ya zida zofunika kwa ndege ndi ogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Zowonjezera zida zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa zouluka komanso zowonongeka.
Mtsinje wa UAS wa 978 MHz, mwachitsanzo, udzakwanira ndege yomwe ili ndi mphamvu ya WAAS, IFR yotsimikiziridwa GPS ndi mawonekedwe a Mode C kale, pokhapokha ngati woyendetsa akufuna kuuluka kunja kwa United States kapena kupitirira 18,000, zomwe zingakhale zofunikira kuti chigwirizano cha 1090 MHz ES chikhale chofunikira. Koma mgwirizano wa 1090 MHz ES sungagwirizane ndi TIS-B kapena FIS-B, zomwe zikutanthawuza kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kupeza njira yina yolandirira zamtunda (monga TCAS).
Ndipo woyendetsa yemwe alibe kachilombo ka GPS kameneka kamene amayendetsa ndegeyo amayenera kugula galimoto yatsopano ya GPS pamodzi ndi chiyanjano cha 978 MHz UAS kapena 1090 MHz ES ndipo mwinamwake akhoza kusintha mode Mode C kapena Mode S transponder.
Kamodzi kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ADS-B ndi chida chamtengo wapatali, kupereka deta yolondola kwambiri kwa oyang'anira magalimoto ndi oyendetsa ndege omwe tawawonapo. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse phindu limakhala lolimbikitsa.
Komabe, palibe kutsutsana, ngakhale kuti ADS-B ndi yokwera mtengo komanso yovuta. FAA ikuyembekeza kuti phindu la nthawi yaitali lidzaposa mtengo, koma polojekitiyi imasiya eni eni ndege.