M'dziko lamaphunziro oyendetsa ndege, izi zikutanthauza kuti aphunzitsi oyendetsa ndege amathera nthawi yochuluka pa nkhaniyi komanso kafukufuku aliyense amene ali ndi mtsogoleri wa FAA angaphatikizepo zokambirana za ndege yopita kunthaka ndi kukonza mafuta.
Pa November 28th, 2016, Avro RJ85 atanyamula gulu la Brazilian Soccer inagwa ku Colombia, ndikupha anthu 71. Pambuyo pake ndegeyi inagwa chifukwa cha njala, ndipo mafunsowa anaphatikizidwa. Kodi oyendetsa ndege oyendetsa ndege amodzi angapite bwanji mafuta?
Mavuto a mawotchi siwowonjezeka ndi redundancy yonse, ndipo ngakhale ngati mafuta akutha, oyendetsa ndege ayenera kuti anaona nthawi yowuluka ndege kupita ku eyapoti yapafupi. Kuchokera pamagulu omaliza otulutsa mafilimu opangidwa ndi ogwira ntchito, zikuwoneka ngati sakudziwa momwe mafuta awo analiri ovuta. Ife sitingadziwe zomwe zinachitika kwa LaMia Flight 2933, koma zimatipangitsa ife ndi funso, chifukwa chiyani oyendetsa ndege akuthabe mafuta?
Phunziro la ndege, timaganizira kwambiri za malo apaderawa, ndipo timakakamiza ophunzira kuti kutuluka kwa mafuta kumachitika mobwerezabwereza kuti aliyense akhale omasuka ndi lingaliro lakuti sadzakhala ndi mafuta. Nthawi zonse timayang'ana maulendo awiri, ndikuyang'ana zifukwa zomwe oyendetsa galimoto amachotsera mafuta, ndikupanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka mafuta, mapepala oyendetsa mafuta, ndege zina komanso malo osungira mafuta.
Ndiyeno pali ma checklists. Tikayang'ana ndegeyo pamaphunziro oyendetsa ndege, imodzi mwa zinthu zoyambirira zomwe oyendetsa ndege amaphunzitsidwa kuyang'ana ndizovuta mafuta (makamaka kuti ngati tikusowa mafuta ochulukirapo, titha kuyitcha galimoto yam'mawa kapena kukonza nthawi yochuluka kuti tileke Kuzimitsa mapupa panjira, komanso - momveka bwino - kuonetsetsa kuti tili ndi zokwanira kukwaniritsa ndegeyo) Ndi ndege, onse oyendetsa ndege amaphunzitsidwa kuyang'ana mafuta a mafuta ndikuyang'ana mafuta kuti athetse onetsetsani kuti pali mafuta okwanira komanso kuti ndalamazo zimagwirizana ndi mafuta. (Fuel gauges mu ndege yaikulu ya ndege ikudziwika kukhala yopanda-yolondola nthawi yochuluka.) Kuphatikiza pa ma checkki oyambirira, pali mndandanda wa chowunikira chomwe chimafuna kuti oyendetsa ndege ayang'ane kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi kukhetsa zitsanzo za mafuta kuchokera matanki kuti atsimikizire kuti asadetsedwe. Ndipo paulendo waulendo, mndandanda wa mndandanda wa mndandanda komanso mndandanda wa mndandanda wa maulendo nthawi zambiri umafuna kuti mafuta aziyang'aniridwa kapena batani la mafuta lisinthidwe.
Ndondomeko yathu yopanga ndege, ikapangidwa molondola, iyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuyendetsa mafuta, kuphatikizapo kuyambira mafuta, kuyimika magetsi komanso kutentha mafuta nthawi iliyonse ya kuthawa.
Ndipo malinga ndi lamulo, timayenera kunyamula mafuta owonjezera kuti tifike komwe tikupita, komanso malo ena oyendetsa ndege ngati kuli kofunika, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezera mphindi 30 kapena mphindi 45 zamtengo wapatali pa ndege ndi usana.
Pomalizira, mu ndege zambiri, mulidi zizindikiro zoyenera mafuta, magetsi oyendetsa mafuta, komanso ngakhale "MAGAZI OLEMBEDWA" opangira ndege pa ndege zambiri.
Ndiye bwanji, pakatha kukonzekera, kufufuza, chitetezo chadongosolo, ndikugogomezera kayendedwe ka mafuta, oyendetsa ndege samangotaya mafuta? Chabwino, monga zinthu zonse zomwe zimawoneka zosavuta kuchokera kunja, zikutanthauza kuti si zophweka.
Njala ya mafuta mu ndege imachitika pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, zambiri zomwe ziri zolakwika chabe za umunthu.
Kupanga Mapulani
Kukonzekera kosayenera ndiye chifukwa chachikulu kwambiri chokhalira mafuta.
Ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pake, woyendetsa sitima nthawi zambiri amavomereza kuti kukonzekera kwake kunali kosakwanira kapena kungowonongeka, chifukwa, mmaganizo mwawo, iwo anachita zonse zomwe iwo ankadziwa kuchita kuti akonze, koma "mwayi" anali nawo. Pali anthu ambiri amene amatha kuchita zoipa, koma pali njira zambiri zomwe anthu samangokonzekera bwino. Kapena mwinamwake iwo sakonza konse. Mwina nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mafuta okwanira pambali pawo kuti awawatsimikizire kuti mafuta samangothamanga, ndipo akhala odzenjeza za dongosolo la kuthawa. Kapena mwinamwake akukonzekera mafuta bwino kuti apite kumene akupita, koma musakonzekere zina mwazofunikira.
Kusayendetsa Mafuta
Kusamalidwa kwa mafuta kumapezeka pamene woyendetsa ndege amaiwala kusinthitsa matabwa a mafuta ngati pakufunikira, kapena kusinthana ndi galimoto yosayenerera, kapena samangoyang'anitsa mafuta akuthawa. Nthawi zambiri, vutoli limayambira chifukwa chosowa kumvetsetsa kayendedwe kake ka mafuta.
Cholakwika cha Computational
Kawirikawiri woyendetsa ndege amapanga zolakwika zomveka mwa kusuntha malo amodzi kapena kutanthauzira chithunzi cha mafuta molakwika Ngati mafuta omwe akukonzekera akuwotchera 16.8 malita pa ola limodzi, ndipo woyendetsa ndegeyo akukonzekera kuthawa kwake pogwiritsa ntchito 1,68 galoni pa ora m'malo mwake, Kutentha mafuta kwambiri kuposa kukonzekera. Nthaŵi zambiri, oyendetsa ndege kapena munthu wina, kapena ngakhale makompyuta amapeza cholakwika nthawi yomweyo kuti ateteze tsoka, koma osati nthawi zonse.
Kusankha Zolakwika
Njala ya mafuta ndi nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha zosayenera kupanga zisankho m'madera ambiri a ndege. Mwinamwake woyendetsa ndegeyo sanapeze nyengo yoyenera yolemba mwachidule ndipo sanazindikire katsitsi kolimba. Kapena amalephera kukhazikitsa mphamvu yoyenera ndikuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa mafuta. Pambuyo pa maulendo akuuluka, nyengo yomwe ikupita imakhala ikuwonongeka ndipo usiku ukugwa , koma woyendetsa ndege akuganiza kuti ayese kuyendetsa ndegeyo, komabe, kudula muzitsulo zilizonse zomwe zingakhalepo ndipo osasiya mafuta owonjezera kapena kupita-kuzungulira kapena kusokoneza komweku. Ndipo ngakhale kuti angazindikire kuti ali wotsika kwambiri pa mafuta, amalephera kupempha thandizo kuchokera kwa ATC ndikuperewera pamsewu.
Osati Kulengeza Zowopsa Pamene Mkhalidwe Wochepa wa Mafuta Umadza
Mwina chifukwa cha kunyada okha, oyendetsa ndege nthawi zambiri amakayikira kulengeza zadzidzidzi. Ndipo pamene zovuta zatha popanda kukonzekera bwino, nkovuta kuti woyendetsa ndege adzivomereze kwa oyang'anira magalimoto kuti alibe mafuta. Koma palibe chifukwa chabwino chosafotokozera zochitika zadzidzidzi mu mafuta otsika, makamaka ngati zinthu zina zilipo ngati nyengo yoipa, woyendetsa ndege wosadziwa zambiri, kapena kusowa bwino ndi malo oyandikana nawo. Oyendetsa ndege amadziwika kuti amataya mafuta akuyesera kuti adziwe komwe atayika kapena kusokonezeka ndikukana kuvomereza ndikufunsa ATC kuti awathandize.
Kuganiza kapena Kuganiza
Zikuwoneka ngati palibe munthu amene angachitepo ngati ndege zikugwira ntchito, koma chiwerengero cha ngozi za njala chimatsimikizira kuti oyendetsa ndege ambiri amaganiza kuti ali ndi mafuta ochuluka mumtsuko asanachoke, kapena kuganiza kuti munthu wotsiriza ndegeyo adadzaza , kapena kuganiza kuti chifukwa amatha kuona mafuta akuthamanga mu thanki penapake kumusi uko, kuti ali okwanira kuti afike kumene akupita. Ndipo oyendetsa galimoto ena amalingalira kuti amawotcha mafuta, akuganiza kuti sangakhale kutali, koma pakapita nthawi ndi mtunda, kapena ndi mutu wamphamvu kapena malo osiyana, amatha kukhala kutali kwambiri. Kuganiza kapena kuganiza kumawoneka ngati chinthu chokha chimene anthu ena ali osayankhula mokwanira, koma zimachitika zambiri kuposa momwe mukuganizira.
Zosokoneza
Pakhala ngozi zamakono m'mbuyomo momwe oyendetsa ndegewo analola kuti chiwonetsero cha njala chichitike makamaka ngati atakonzedwanso ndi chinthu china, monga kukonza vuto lakuthamanga kwa gear kapena kusokonezeka. Malingaliro akugwiritsidwa ntchito apa: Kutaya, kuyenda, kulankhulana - mu dongosolo limenelo . Kusokoneza maganizo kapena kulola kuti musokonezedwe ndi anthu ena kapena zochitika zingathe kukonzekera pavutoli kapena zochitikazo ndipo zingayambitse woyendetsa ndegeyo kunyalanyaza mbali zina zofunika za kuthawa-monga kayendedwe ka mafuta.
Kulephera Kukonzekera Zopanduka Kuchokera Pulani
Oyendetsa ndege omwe samakonzekera china chilichonse koma Plan A okha nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mavuto pokhapokha Plan A ikutha. Oyendetsa ndege amayenera kukonza zopweteka kwambiri ndikuyembekeza zabwino koposa kukonzekera zabwino ndi kuziwerengera kuti zichitike. Woyendetsa ndege yemwe samaganiza kuti choipa chirichonse chidzachitike sichidzakhala ndi dongosolo pamene chinachake choipa chidzachitike. Kulephera kukonzekera zolephereka kungachititse kuti njala ikhale ndi njala ngati zolepheretsazi zimafuna mafuta kuposa poyamba. Maganizo a woyendetsa nthawi zambiri amasiyana ndi zenizeni , ndikuganiza kuti chirichonse chidzapita molingana ndi dongosolo ndi kulakwitsa kwakukulu.
Vuto la Mafakitala Kapena Kulephera?
Kawirikawiri, palinso fupa la mafuta kapena vuto la mafuta omwe angayambitse njala. Pazochitikazi, kuzindikira koyambirira ndikofunika kwambiri pakuzindikira ndi kuthana ndi vutoli. Pakhala pali ngozi za ndege kale zomwe oyendetsa ndege amangotanganidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zina, kapena zosokonezeka kwambiri kapena zaulesi, ndipo samayang'anitsitsa kutentha kwa mafuta kapena momwe mafuta akuyendera.