Nazi mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya ziwonetsero zomwe oyendetsa ndege akukumana nazo:
Njira Yakuda Kwambiri
Njira yakuda yakuda imapezeka pakadutsa malo aakulu, osagwidwa. Kawirikawiri zimachitika pa matupi a madzi, koma ikhoza kufika pamtunda uliwonse wosagawanika. Popanda kutchulidwa pakhomo lalikulu lakuda, woyendetsa ndege akhoza kumangokhalira kukweza kapena kutsogolera malo ake pa njirayo, zomwe zimayambitsa njira yosakhazikika. Pogwiritsa ntchito dzenje lakuda likuyesa chisokonezo, woyendetsa ndege ayenera kudalira zida za ndege, kukhalabe pamtunda woyenerera ndi kugwira ntchito kuti akhalebe wodalirika, kuphatikizapo kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kabwino ka ndege.
Autokinesis
Autokinesis ndi chinyengo cha diso. Usiku, pamene diso la oyendetsa ndege likuyang'anitsitsa kuwala kosaoneka popanda maonekedwe ena ozungulira pozungulira, monga nyenyezi kapena kuwala kuchokera ku ndege ina, woyendetsa ndegeyo amamva kuti kuwala kumayenda.
Kungodziwa za chinyengochi kumathandiza kuchepetsa, ndipo kusuntha maso kapena kuyang'ana mbali ya chinthu chatsopano kungathandize.
Zabodza Zambiri
Oyendetsa ndege a VFR amadalira kwambiri zachilengedwe za dziko lapansi kuti azitha kuyenda bwino komanso kuthawa masana. Usiku, pamene dzuŵa likutsika ndipo palibe kuyang'ana kuyang'ana, malingaliro nthawi zambiri amayesa kufunafuna imodzi, yopambana.
Kawirikawiri, woyendetsa ndege amatha kutanthauzira mtambo wa misshapen kapena magetsi a msewu waukulu ndikufika ku banki ndege kuti maganizo ake ndi owongoka ndi mlingo poyerekeza ndi chiwonongeko chatsopano. Izi ndizovuta, ndithudi, monga zotsatira mu nkhani iyi ndi kutembenuka kosayenera kosayenera. Woyendetsa ndege usiku amayenera kudalira kwambiri chidziwitso cha ndegeyo kuti atsimikizire kuti akhalabe wolunjika komanso wamtundu wake podziwa zowonongeka.
Vertigo ya Flicker
Mpweya wotsekemera ndi chinthu chosowa kwambiri chimene ubongo sukusinthira bwino kwambiri. Zikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi magetsi a strobe usiku kuthamanga pamphepete mwa mphepo kapena kutuluka kwa dzuwa pa mphepo, ndipo zimabweretsa chisokonezo ndi khunyu. Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti pamodzi ndi zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri, zimakhala zophweka kukonza - woyendetsa ndegeyo ayenera kungochotsa kuwala kapena kuchoka ku dzuwa.
Kuwala kwa Paulendo
Magetsi oyendetsa galimoto angayambitse woyendetsa ndege ngati mmene ndegeyo ilili yochepa kuposa momwe ilili, kupanga zinthu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuposa njira zomwe zimawoneka kuti ndizofunika kwambiri. Chizoloŵezi chosasunthika chikhoza kuchitika ngati woyendetsa ndege sakukhulupirira zida zake panthawiyi.
Kulimbana ndi Terrain
Nthakayi itakwera phirili, mapeto ake amatha kunyengedwa kuti akhulupirire kuti ndegeyo ndi yaikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti aziwombera pansi. Mofananamo, kutsetsereka kotsika kumapangitsa woyendetsa galimoto kuganiza kuti ndi wotsika kwambiri, zomwe zimachititsa kuti glidepath ikhale yoposa.
Kutalika kwa msewu
Msewu wochuluka kuposa wamba udzachititsa woyendetsa kuganiza kuti ndi wotsika. Poyesera kubweza ndalama, angayambe ulendo wapamwamba kuposa wamba, kapena kuti apite kumalo osatetezeka pa njira yomaliza.
Kutsika
Mvula, ntchentche ndi ntchentche zingathe kuti oyendetsa ndege azizindikira mtunda molakwika. Mvula, mwachitsanzo, ikhoza kuyambitsa magetsi komanso magetsi kuti awoneke usiku, kuchititsa kuti woyendetsa ndege amve ngati kuti ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa momwe ayenera kukhalira, ngati angapangitse kuti apite patsogolo.
Ndipo ntchentche ndi ntchentche zimatha kuyendetsa mtunda wautali kusiyana ndi momwe ziliri, kuwonetsa kuti ndipamwamba kwambiri.
Chikhalidwe Choyera
Malo oundana ndi chipale chofewa pamodzi ndi imvi yowonongeka imatha kuyambitsa chiwonongeko choyera chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zovuta kuti woyendetsa ndege azipeza zosiyana siyana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizovuta kwa woyendetsa ndege kudziwa momwe aliri wamtunda kapena wotsika yandikira. Kumvetsera mwatcheru kufika pamtunda ndi ma airspeeds kudzakuthandizani kukonza izi.
Zovuta zazing'ono zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa oyendetsa ndege, makamaka usiku kapena zooneka bwino. Pafupifupi zizindikiro zonsezi, kukonzekera ndi kosavuta: Khulupirirani zida, pitirizani kuyenda mofulumira ndi malo oyenera kuti zigawo zikuyendetsedwe, ndikukonzekeretsani kuzindikira chinyengo pamene chikuchitika.
Zotsatira: FAA , Airbus