Sitima ya ndege ndi chilengedwe chomwe ndege imadutsa njira yake yoopsya yomwe sichikutha ndipo silingathe kukweza zowonongeka. Mtundu woterewu sungasokonezedwe ndi injini ya injini, yozolowereka kwa aliyense yemwe wapititsa galimoto. Pamene mukuuluka ndege, khola silikugwirizana ndi injini kapena gawo lina. Poyesa, dothi limangotanthauzidwa ngati kutayika kwapadera komwe kumachitika pamene mpweya wa ndege (mwachitsanzo, phiko la ndege) likuposa njira yake yowonongeka.
Angle of Attack
Njira yowonongeka kwa airfoil imayesedwa ndi mpakati pakati pa mzere wofikira (mwachitsanzo, mzere woganizira kuchokera kumtsinje wopita kumapeto kwa mapiko) ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Zimadalira mawonekedwe a airfoil, kuphatikizapo nsanja yake ndi chiwerengero chake. Pakuwombera kwakukulu, mpweya wophika pamwamba pa phiko umasokonezeka.
Panthawi yovuta , kuthamanga kwa mapiko kumasokonezedwa mokwanira kuti zisawonongeke, zomwe zimapangitsa mphuno ya ndege kugwa. Njira yoopsya ya kuukira kwa airfoil sikusintha konse. Komabe, zinthu monga kulemera, kukonzekera (mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa magalimoto ndi kusintha kwa gear, kapena zinthu zina, monga airframe icing ), ndi katundu wa katundu, zingasinthe mpweya umene ndege imatha.
Mzere Makhalidwe
Zizindikiro za khola zimaphatikizapo kuchepa kwapadera kwakumwamba, komwe kawirikawiri kumatchulidwa mwadzidzidzi (ngati nthawi zina amatha kupititsa patsogolo) kutsika kwa mphuno ya ndegeyo.
Ngakhale izi zingamve ngati ndege ikugwa ndipo ilibe kukwera, kwenikweni, kuchepa ndi kusintha kwa mlingo wa ndege. Kuonjezera apo, khola lingakhale limodzi ndi mpukutu kapena nsomba kumbali imodzi ngati ndegeyo isagwirizane. Ngati izi zichitika ndipo njira zowonongeka sizinayambe mwamsanga, ndege ingalowemo.
Kukhazikika
Ndege yodalirika, kugwa kwa mphuno kumayambiriro kwa khola nthawi zambiri ndikwanira kuti mupeze kachilingo koyenera kokwera kwa mpweya. Ngati izi zikuchitika, ndege imatha kupezeka mosavuta pokhapokha mutachepetse maganizo ake ndikuwonjezereka. Komabe, mu ndege yosasunthika, khola lomwe silinakonzedwe lingapangitse kukhala lopota, lomwe lingakhale lovuta kapena losatheka kubwezera.
Ndege
Maofesi amapezeka kawirikawiri pamlengalenga. Pachifukwa ichi, kuthawa mofulumira, monga nthawi yoyenda ndi kuchoka, ndizofunikira kwambiri kuthawa, ndipo oyendetsa ndege amayenera kudziŵa nthawiyi kuti asawononge ndege. Khola pamtunda wopita kumtunda limapereka woyendetsa malo okwanira kuti apeze. Dalala pakufika pang'onopang'ono malo sangapereke envelopu yomweyo ya chitetezo chomwe mungachipeze.
Ngakhale kuti kudumpha kungakhale kofala kwambiri pafupipafupi, mphuno ikhoza kuchitika pa airspeed iliyonse, ziribe kanthu maganizo. Choncho, woyendetsa ndege sayenera kutaya mwayi wokhala ndi khola lochokera pa airspeed kapena maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, mukamachoka pamtunda, mpweya umakhala wapamwamba kwambiri, koma njira yowonongeka ikhoza kukhala yoposa yomwe mukuganiza chifukwa ndege ikudumphira pamwamba ngakhale mphuno yake ikukwera.
Ngati nkhonyayi iposa 17 peresenti, ndegeyo ikhoza kugwa.
Malo osungirako magalimoto
Ma sitima apamtlane nthaŵi zambiri amasonyeza kuti chinachake chikuchitika pa mapiko a ndege, koma kuimika kwapansi kwa ndege kungathe kuwononganso. Ngakhale malo amtundu wapamtundawa ndi owopsa, ndizovuta kwambiri kutero.
Kuchita Masitepe ndi Kubwezeretsa
Njira zowonongeka ndi zosiyana pa ndege iliyonse, koma kawirikawiri, woyendetsa ndege angayambitse kupumula kwa mpweya poonjezera kutuluka kwa mphepo pamwamba pa phiko. Izi kawirikawiri zimachitidwa potsika maganizo, kutambasula mapiko, ndi mphamvu yowonjezera. Mapiko akamatha, nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito makinawa kuti akweze mapiko, m'malo moyendetsa mapiko.
Oyendetsa galimoto amayendetsa masitepe ndi kupumula monga mbali ya maphunziro awo, ndipo ayenera kupanga malo osungirako ndalama kuti athe kupeza chinsinsi chachinsinsi kapena zamalonda.
Komabe, ndemanga zowonongeka kawirikawiri sizimaphatikizapo masitolo, ndipo chifukwa chake, oyendetsa ndege akhoza kuiwala momwe angazindikire zizindikiro zomwe ndege ikupita mu khola. Kuchita masitepe ndi kupumula pang'onopang'ono-komanso pamtunda wokwanira kuti mutuluke, ndithudi-amathandiza oyendetsa ndege akuzindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira za chikhalidwe cha mthunzi kuti athe kukonzekera bwino.