Zida Zoyamba Zopha
Liwiro la ndege limayesedwa m'majenda kapena mailosi pa ola pa chiwonetsero cha ndege mkati mwa gombe la ndege. Chizindikiro cha mlengalenga ndi chimodzi mwa zida zoyendera ndege ndipo ndi zofunika kwa oyendetsa ndege chifukwa kumamatira kuntchito yoyendetsa bwino n'kofunikira. Ndege iliyonse ili ndi maulendo ake omwe ndegeyo amafunika kuizindikira. Oyendetsa ndege amayenera kudziwa momwe ndege ingachotsere, nthaka, malo, ndi zina zotetezeka panthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Chizindikiro cha mpweya chimagwira ntchito poyerekezera kupanikizika kwakukulu (kuthamanga kwa mpweya wa mpweya) ndi kupanikizika kwapakati. Nkhaniyi ikukhudzana ndi zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamakono zamakono . Zizindikiro zamakono zamakono zamakono oyendetsa ndege zikuwonekera mosiyana ndi momwe tafotokozera m'nkhaniyi ndipo zikuwerengedwa pogwiritsira ntchito matekinoloje amakono. Ndege ingapezekenso kuchokera ku galimoto mu ndege zowonongeka.
Momwe Izo Zimagwirira Ntchito
Chizindikiro cha airspeed ndi mbali ya phokoso-static system, kusiyana maganizo dongosolo kuti amayendera onse mpweya mphamvu kuchokera pitot chubu ndi mpweya wochokera pa static port. Mkati mwa chombo cha chombocho ndi diaphragm yosindikizidwa yomwe imalandira mavuto awiri komanso amphamvu kuchokera ku phula la pitot.
Kupanikizika kumayambanso kupyolera mkati mwa mkati mwa kansalu koma kunja kwa chingwe. Mpweya wolimba womwe umachokera mkati ndi kunja kwa chithunzithunzi ukutsekanitsa wina ndi mzake, kusiya kuyeza kwa mphamvu yaikulu, kapena mpweya wa mpweya wamphongo.
Pamene ndege ikufulumizitsa, kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa pitot tube kumawonjezeka, kuchititsa kuti chingwecho chiwonjezere. Kupyolera mukulumikizana kwazing'onoting'ono, chiyero ichi cha kuwonjezeka kwa airspeed chikuwonetsedwa mu sing'onoting'ono cha chizindikiro cha airspeed.
Mitundu ya Ma Airspeeds
- Mtsinje Wotchulidwa : IAS ndi mlengalenga amawerengedwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku chizindikiro cha airspeed.
- Kulimbitsa Mlengalenga : CAS ndiwothamanga weniweni wa ndegeyo kudzera mlengalenga, itasinthidwa chifukwa cha zolakwika za malo ndi zida. Zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi airspeed (poyerekeza ndi zowonetsedwa) zingapezeke m'buku la opaleshoni ya ndege.
- Ndege Yoyamba : TAS imayikidwa (kapena yofanana) airspeed yokonzedweratu chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa kosasinthika ndi kutentha.
- Mofanana ndi Airspeed : EAS ndiyidaliridwa ndi airspeed yokonzedweratu kuti zikhale zovuta kuyanjanitsa.
- Kutsika : Kuthamanga kwenikweni kwa ndege pansi, kuyerekezedwa mu mfundo kapena mailosi pa ora. Malo otsika ndi okwera mlengalenga amakonzekera zotsatira za mphepo ndipo amathandiza popanga ndege .
- Makina : Nambala ya Mach ndiyo mpweya weniweni wa ndege pamene ikufanizidwa ndi liwiro la phokoso. Liwiro lakumveka limatchedwa Mach 1.0. Ndege zapamwamba zimakhala ndi mamita Mach mmalo mwa zizindikiro za airspeed.
Zizindikiro ndi Zolepheretsa
Ndege zing'onozing'ono zopanga ndege zimagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zamtundu wa mpweya kuti ziwathandize woyendetsa ndegeyo kugwira ntchito bwinobwino komanso mosamala. Zizindikirozi ndi zothandiza chifukwa zimasonyeza maulendo ofunika kwambiri a ndege, otchedwa V-speed.
- White Arc : White arc pa zizindikiro za airspeed zikuwonetseratu zochitika zoyenera. Mkati mwa white white, ziphuphu zonse zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pamwamba pa nyemba zoyera zimasonyeza liwiro lapamwamba lomwe lingathenso kuthamanga paulendo waulendo, ndipo kugwira ntchito mofulumira kunja kwa white arc ndi kutsika pansi kungakhale kosaopsa.
- Mtsinje Wobiriwira : Mtengo wobiriwira pa chiwonetsero cha mlengalenga umaimira kayendedwe ka ndege.
- Mtsinje Wofiirira : Chikasu chachikasu ndiwongoling'ono. Amalangizidwa kuti oyendetsa ndege amangogwiritsa ntchito chikasu chamtundu wokhazikika. Kuthamanga mofulumira pazowonongeka pa nthawi ya chisokonezo kungakhale kosaopsa.
- Mzere Wofiira : Pamwamba pa chikasu cha chikasu ndi mzere wofiira, womwe umaimira paulendo wolandirika wa ndege.
Zolakwika Zoyendera Ndege
Chizindikiro cha mlengalenga sichidzagwira ntchito ngati pali kutsekedwa kwa phokoso la pitot kapena phokoso lamtambo kapena onse awiri. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka chifukwa cha tizilombo, madzi kapena icing.
Ngati phokoso la pitot ndi dzenje lake likutsekedwa, chizindikiro cha airspeed chimafanana ndi mpweya wotsikirapo, kusonyeza kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya pamene ndege ikukwera kumtunda wapamwamba ndi kuchepa kwa mpweya.
Ngati phokoso la pitot lidzatsekedwa ndipo dzenje likutseguka lidzatseguka, kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumatuluka mkati mwa dzenje, ndikusiya kuthamanga kokha mu pitot tube. Mpweya watsopano wa phokoso lamtunduwu ungakhale wofanana ndi kuthamanga kwa static, ndipo chizindikiro cha airspeed chikanati '0'.
Ngati phokosoli lidzatsekedwa (koma osati phokoso la pitot), chizindikiro cha airspeed chidzagwira ntchito, koma chidzakhala chosalondola. Popeza kuti mpweya umakhala wotsekemera mkati mwa makina omwe amatha kugwira ntchito, kukwera kumapangitsa kuti mpweya uzikhala wochepa kwambiri. Pogwera pansi pamtunda pomwe pamakhala chiwonongeko, chizindikiro cha mlengalenga chidzawerengera chapamwamba kwambiri.
Ntchito Yowopsa
Ndege zina zili ndi zipangizo zotentha zamoto. Pitot kutentha imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yolepheretsa ayezi kuti asapangire phokoso la phula ndipo imatsegulidwa pamene ikuuluka m'nyengo yozizira.
Ndege zambiri zing'onozing'ono zimakhala ndi malo ena omwe amatha kuwongolera mwa kukoka chiwindi pamalo otsekemera ngati phokoso lolimba limatsekedwa. Mavuto atsopano amatsitsimutsa ndizomwe zimakhala zovuta kupitilira kupitilira kuthamanga, zomwe zimapangitsa zida zochepa kuti zikhale zolakwika, koma zimapereka umboni wokwanira wosunga ndege yoyendetsa ndege.