Phunzirani zofunikira za inshuwalansi yalemale yalere
Lipoti la Kuzindikira Kulemala kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi ubwana wawo nthawi yayitali ndi miyezi 34.6. Kuvulala kwakukulu ndi matenda amayamba chifukwa cha kuvulala kwa minofu ndi khansa.
Ichi ndi chifukwa chake olemba ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi ndondomeko ya inshuwalansi yaitali kuti ateteze antchito ndikuonetsetsa kuti abwerera kuntchito pa nthawi yeniyeni.
Kodi inshuwalansi yalemale yayitali ndi yotani?
Inshuwalansi yalemale yayitali ndi gawo la ndalama za antchito (pafupifupi 50-70%) pamene wogwira ntchitoyo avulala kapena akudwala kwambiri.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ngati wogwira ntchito akupwetekedwa ntchito, malipiro a antchito sadzawaphimba. Pamene wogwira ntchito sangathe kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ndondomeko yalemale ingathandize kuthandizira gawo la malipiro a antchito. Kulemala kwa nthawi yaitali kumangokhalira kutsata pambuyo poti ndondomeko yochepa yolemala yayamba. Izi zimachitika pakadutsa masabata 10 mpaka 53 mutatha mwambo wovomerezeka, ndipo mwachiwiri kukhala masabata 26.
Dipatimenti Yoona za Ntchito ku United States inanena kuti "Zambiri zomwe zimakhalapo nthawi yaitali (88 peresenti) zili ndi ndalama zowonjezera zomwe zimalipidwa ndipo ndalama zambiri zapakati pa 2014 zinali $ 8,000 pamwezi."
Ndani Akukhazikitsa Zolemba Zakale za Kulemala?
Pali zosankha zingapo pa omwe angathe kulipira ndondomeko yolemala. Zaka zapitazo, makampani ambiri adalipira ndalama zonse zalemale. Tsopano chizoloŵezichi chimawononga kusintha kwa njira iyi. Malingana ndi kusankha kosankhidwa, pangakhale zosiyana ndi zofunikira za msonkho:
- Wogwira ntchito ntchito ndondomeko ya malipiro
- Wogwira ntchito mwakhama
- Gawo logawa limodzi
Mapangano ndi Zolinga
Inshuwalansi yolemala ndi phindu lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala gawo limodzi la mapindu. Ngakhale makampani ena amatha kulipira ngongole yaifupi kapena osapereka ngakhale, olemba ena ambiri amapereka ndondomeko yolemala yomwe imadalitsidwa kudzera mwa wothandizira wothandizira odwala. Olemba ntchito angasankhe kuchuluka kwa chithandizo kuti azisankhira antchito awo.
Mapulani ambiri amapanga 50-70% ya malipiro a mwezi uliwonse. Kutalika kwa ndondomeko ya mapulani kungakhalenso kwa kanthawi. Ena amakonza kulipira odwala omwe ali ndi zaka 5-10 aliwonse, koma ena amapereka mpaka zaka 65, malinga ndi nthawi.
Ntchito zina zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa ntchito komanso udindo waukulu wa olemba ntchito kuti apindule nawo antchito awo. Bungwe la DOL limalangiza kuti ntchito zochepa zomwe zimalipira mu gawo lautumiki sizikhala zosavuta kusankha zosankhidwa, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kuvulazidwa. Iwo ndi gulu la ntchito lomwe lingathe kupezeka inshuwalansi yaumphawi ya Social Security.
Pansi pa ndondomeko ya malamulo, antchito akulembera olemala akhoza kungoyenera kufotokoza mwachidule. Malembo akuluwa ndi awa:
- Ogwira ntchito ayenera kugwira ntchito kwa abwana kwa nthawi yambiri chisanachitike chithandizo.
- Ogwira ntchito ayenera kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri maola 30 kapena ochuluka pa sabata.
Zotsatirazi ndizo zomwe phukusi la pulogalamu yalemale yophatikizapo likhoza kukhala:
- Patsiku la malipiro a mwezi uliwonse omwe amalipidwa pamwezi womwe umatsimikiziridwa mwezi uliwonse (makamaka pakati pa 50% - 70% ya malipiro a mwezi uliwonse).
- Iyamba (nthawi zambiri pakati pa masiku 90 ndi 180).
Malinga ndi mawu a mapulani, munthu amene ali ndi chilema angakhale ndi malire omwe angapezeko ndipo ayenera kusankha ntchito ina yomwe akufuna, maphunziro kapena maphunziro.
Njira ina, yomwe nthawi zambiri imasungidwa ndi antchito apamwamba kapena otsogolera apamwamba, ndi mgwirizano wa nthawi yaitali wolemala umene umalola munthu wolemala kulandira phindu pa moyo wake wonse, osasintha ntchito.