General Airport Lighting
Kuunikira kwakukulukulu ku ndege kumaphatikizirapo mabala a bwalo la ndege ndi nyali iliyonse yoyera kapena yofiira pamwamba pa nsanja, nyumba, ndi zomangamanga. Mwala wa bwalo la ndege ndi kuwala kwakukulu, kokongola komwe kumawonekera kwambiri kuchokera mailosi kutali. Magwiritsidwe ntchito pagulu la beacon amasinthasintha zobiriwira ndi zoyera. Ndege za m'magulu zimayenda mobiriwira ndi zoyera koma zimakhala ndi magetsi awiri a mtundu uliwonse wobiriwira, zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi ndege zouluka.
Ndipo zitoliro zimasinthasintha pakati pa nyali zobiriwira, zoyera ndi zachikasu. Oyendetsa ndege oyendayenda kudera lamtunda amatha kuzindikira malo oyendetsa ndege usiku usiku kuchokera ku beacon, kupanga imodzi mwa njira zosavuta za oyendetsa ndege pamene akuyenda usiku. Nthawi zina oyendetsa magalimoto amatha kutembenuka ndi kuzima ngati n'kofunikira; nthawi zina zimayikidwa pa timer. Nyumba zomangamanga, nsanja, ndi zida zina zamtali pamunda zidzakhala ndi beacon yofiira, yofiira pamwamba pa iwo kuti athandizire kupeĊµa kukwera ndege zouluka.
Kuwala kwa Taxiway
- Kuwala kwa Taxiway Edge: Kuwala kwa taxiway kumayendedwe ka buluu ndi kuyendetsa sitima. Ndege nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi magetsi obiriwira.
- Kuwala kwa Bwalu Yoyera - Kuika mkati mwa sitima, magetsi obisalawa amakhala okongola kwambiri ndipo amawunikira kuwonekera kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito kapena msewu wa taxi usiku.
- Kuleka Kuwala kwa Bwalu - Kumangokhala ku malo okwera ndege, magetsi olepheretsa kubisala amatanthawuza kuti athandizidwe ndi ATC kuti awoloke kapena kuti alowe mu msewu wooneka bwino ( wotsika IMC) . Zili mkati mwa magetsi omwe ali ofiira kwambiri ndipo akufutukula pamsewu pafupipafupi. Kamodzi woyendetsa ndege atakonzedwa pamsewu, magetsi a stop bar adzachotsedwa.
- Zowala za Runway - Pauni ya magetsi awiri owala omwe amakhala pambali zonse za sitima pamzere wochepa, magetsi oyendetsa galimoto amayenera kutchula mbali yochepa - malo omwe taxi imakumana nayo pamsewu.
Kuwala kwa Paulendo
- Zowala Zowonetsera Mapeto a Runway (REILs): Kuwala kwa magetsi kofiira, mbali imodzi kumbali ya mapeto a msewu, zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira msewu wopita ku taxiways usiku.
- Njira Yoyendetsera Mapiri (HIRL / MIRL / LIRL): Magetsi a pamsewu amatulukira nyali zoyera pamphepete mwa mayendedwe. Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, nyali zoyera zimasintha n'kukhala chikasu pafupipafupi mamita 2,000, kapena theka la kutalika kwa msewu, ngakhale zili zochepa, kenako zimakhala zofiira ngati ndege ikufika kumapeto kwa msewu. Zitha kukhala zazikulu (HIRL), zowonjezera (MIRL) kapena zochepa (LIRL).
- Njira yotchedwa Runway Centerline Lighting System (RCLS) - Pa njira zina zoyendetsedwa bwino, misewu yowunika kwambiri yawayendedwe, ndi nyali zoyera zomwe zimakhala pafupipafupi 50 pamtunda. Ndili mamita 3,000 otsala, nyali zoyera zimasintha kuti zikhale zoyera ndi zofiira, ndipo zonsezi zimakhala zofiira pakapita mamita 1,000.
- Kuwala kwa Dera la Touchdown (TDZL) - Magetsi ozungulira magetsi ndi nyali zoyera zomwe zimayikidwa m'mizere iwiri pafupi ndi likulu loyambira, kuyambira mamita 100 ndikukwera mpaka pamtunda, kapena mamita 3,000 kupitirira, pamene paliponse.
- Land and Hold Lights - Pamene malo ndi ntchito zochepa (LAHSO) zikugwira ntchito, kuwala kwa nyali zoyera kungaoneke kudutsa pamsewu womwe uli pamzere wochepa.
- Kuunikira kwina kumaphatikizapo Miyendo ya Mwayendedwe a Runway (RWSL), yomwe imaphatikizapo Runway Entrance Lights (RELs), Takeoff Hold Light Array (THL), Mizere Yothamanga Mapiri (RIL), ndi Final Approach Runway Occupancy Signal (FAROS). Kuwala kumeneku kumagwirira ntchito mogwirizana ndi machitidwe owonetsetsa ( monga ADS-B ) ndipo ali odzipanga bwinobwino. Amathandizira kulengeza oyendetsa ndege ndi ogwira ntchito galimoto pamene ndi otetezeka kulowa kapena kuwoloka msewu.
Zizindikiro za Visual Glideslope
Zizindikiro zooneka bwino za glideslope zimaperekedwa kuti apereke oyendetsa galimoto kuti aziwonekeratu panthawi yomwe amachokera kuti athe kuyima. Iwo amabwera mu mitundu iwiri, VASIs ndi mapepala a PAP, omwe ali ndi mitundu yambiri yamakonzedwe, koma onse omwe amapatsa oyendetsa ndege malingaliro abwino ngati ali pa njira yopita patsogolo kapena ayi.
- VASIs, kapena Zizindikiro Zowonekera Zowonekera, ndi mipiringidzo ya magetsi pambali pa msewu umene, pamene kuwala, amapatsa oyendetsa ndege chizindikiro chosonyeza kuti ndege yawo ili yaikulu kapena yotsika kwambiri. VASI ikhoza kukhala ndi nyali ziwiri, 4, 6, 12 kapena 16, zomwe zimapezeka pazitsulo ziwiri kapena zitatu - pafupi, pakati ndi kutali. Zida ziwiri za VASI zimapereka chizindikiro cha digiri ya 3 glideslope, yomwe ndi yoyenera kuchitidwa pa njira. Muzitsulo zamagulu awiri a VASI, woyendetsa ndege amayenera kuwona magetsi awiri ofiira pazitsulo zakutali ndi nyali ziwiri zoyera pazitsulo zapafupi. Ngati magetsi onse ali pafupi ndi ofiira amakhala ofiira, ndi wotsika kwambiri. Ngati nyali zonse zapafupi ndi zapafupi zimakhala zoyera, iye ndi wamkulu kwambiri. Ulamuliro wa oyendetsa oyendetsa galimoto ntchito ndi "wofiira pamwamba pa zoyera, ndiwe bwino."
- PAPI imaimira Precision Approach Path Indicator. Kuwala kwa PAPI kumapangidwira kumbali, ndipo kumakhala ndi magetsi anayi omwe angakhale ofiira kapena oyera, malingana ndi kumene ndegeyo ili ndi glideslope. Njira ya PAPI yomwe ilipo kumanzere kwa msewu. Pamene magetsi anai onse ali oyera, ndegeyo ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Pamene ikutsikira pamtunda, magetsi kumbali yakumanja ayamba kutembenuka. Pamene ndege ikuyenda bwino, magetsi awiri ayenera kukhala oyera, ndipo magetsi awiri akuyenera kukhala ofiira. Pamene magetsi atatu kapena angapo ali ofiira, amasonyeza kuti ndegeyo ndi yotsika kwambiri.
Gwero: Buku la DOD / Aeronautical Information Information