Malo Odzidzidziramo D-D ndi malo omwe akuzungulira maulendo a ndege omwe ali ndi nsanja yoyendetsa ndege, koma alibe ma radar (kapena bwalo la ndege silofunika kuti likhale ndi radar). Malo ozungulira dera la ndege ku Class D amangosankhidwa ngati ndege ya D Class D pamene ndege yoyendetsa ndege ikugwira ntchito.
Pamene bwalo la ndege labwalo la ndege likugwira ntchito, bwalo la ndege likubwera kuchokera ku eyapoti ya D Class D kupita ku eyapoti ya E Class kapena kuphatikizapo a E Class ndi Class G.
Dongosolo lolamulira pa ndege ya D Class D limaphatikizapo kusiyana kwa magalimoto kwa Maonedwe Owonetsa Ndege (VFR) ndi Maulendo Othawa Ndege (IFR) ndipo angapereke malangizo a traffic a VFR, kuloleza ntchito.
Mmene Mungayankhire Ma Air Air Class
Zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pofotokozera gawo la Air Dpace.
- Miyeso: Ndege za m'kalasi D zingakonzedwe kuti zigwirizane ndi zoyendetsera zipangizo zomwe zilipo pa bwalo la ndege, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndege ina ya D Class akhoza kuyang'ana mosiyana ndi wina. Zoonadi, kukula kwake kumadalira njira zoyendetsera zipangizo ku ndege ina. Ndikoyenera kuzindikira kuti pali zowonjezereka za obwera ndi maulendo omwe amawerengedwera muyeso ya airspace. Kawirikawiri, malo ozungulira ndege oyendetsa D Class D amachokera pamwamba mpaka ku MSL komweko , kawirikawiri pafupifupi mamita 2,500 Pamwamba pa Ground level (AGL).
- Zowonjezera Zofunikira: Kuti alowe mu gawo la D D, woyendetsa ndege ayenera kulankhulana ndi nsanja yoyendetsa ndi kukhazikitsa njira ziwiri zoyankhulana ndi wailesi asanalowe mumlengalenga. Pakuitana, muyenera kupereka Air Traffic Control (ATC) ndi malo anu, pamwamba, code transponder, ndi komwe mukupita / zolinga zanu. Mudzadziwa kuti mwakhazikitsa mauthenga awiri pamene mutenga maulendo omwe akuphatikizapo callsign (nambala ya mchira). Ngati simukumva nambala yanu simungalowemo. Ngati wotsogolera ali wotanganidwa, akhoza kukupemphani kuti musatuluke ku dera la D Class mpaka atakonzeka.
- Zimangidwe Zowonongeka: Mu malo aliwonse apamtunda, ndege sizingapitilire mazenera 250 pamene maulendo a pansi pa nyanja (MSL) ali pansi pa mamita 10,000. Komabe, mukakhala mkati mwa 4 Nautical Miles (NM) ya ndege yoyamba ya D Class D ndipo pansi kapena pansi pa 2,500 feet AGL, simungathe kupitirira mazana awiri.
- Zovuta Zomwe Mwayang'anila: Zomwe zilili m'kachisimo D zimakhalapo kuti muwone ndikupewa ndege zina. Chifukwa chakuti nsanja zonse za m'kalasi za D Class zili ndi zizindikiro za radar, ATC akufuna kuti mukhale kutali kwambiri ndi mitambo kuti muthe kuona ndi kupeĊµa ndege zina, makamaka kuyendetsa njira zoyendetsa ndege. Njira yosavuta kukumbukira nyengo ya VFR yocheperapo kwa mpweya wa m'kalasi D ndi mawu akuti "3 Cessna 152s". Chiwerengero chilichonse pamaganizo amamanga mtunda (ie, 3 amaimira makilomita atatu) 1 imayima mamita 1,000 pamwamba pa mitambo, 5 imakhala mamita 500 pansi pa mtambo, ndipo 2 imakhala mamita 2,000 kutali ndi mitambo yopanda malire).
- VFR Kuwoneka ndi Zofunika Zowonongeka kwa Mtambo: Oyendetsa ndege oyendetsa ndege ku Class D ayenera kukhala osachepera atatu maulamuliro amodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, oyendetsa ndege ayenera kukhala ndi mitambo yosachepera mamita 500, mamita 1,000 pamwamba pa mitambo, ndi kukhala mamita 2,000 kutali ndi mitambo yopanda malire pamene ali ndi dera la D.
- Tsatanetsatane wa Tchati: Mlengalenga D omwe amapezeka m'kalasi akuwonetsedwa ngati mzere wofiira wa buluu pa chithunzi cha VFR. Mutha kuona kuti malo olowera mumlengalenga amatha kupita kumalo olowera komanso akupita kwa traffic IFR.
Zolemba Zina za Airspace
Pali zigawo zina za malo oyendetsa ndege (ndi miyeso yawo) mkati momwe utumiki wa ATC waperekedwa. Zina mwazinthu zikuphatikizapo A A, B, C, E, ndi G.
- Malo A Mlengalenga: Mlengalenga A pamlengalenga ndi malo a ndege kuchokera pamwamba kufika pa MSL 18,000 kufika ku Flight Level (FL) 600, kuphatikizapo malo ozungulira madzi m'mphepete mwa NM 12 m'mphepete mwa nyanja 48 zokongola ndi Alaska.
- Mpweya Wachigawo B B: Mlengalenga B akukhala malo osungirako ndege kuchokera pamwamba kufika pa MSL 10,000 mmphepete mwa ndege zonyansa kwambiri za amitundu pamagalimoto oyendetsa ndege.
- Kuthamanga kwa m'kalasi C: Kuthamanga kwa chigawo C kumalo okwera kuchokera pamwamba kufika pamwamba pa ndege ya ndege (yolembedwa mu MSL) kuzungulira mabwalo omwe ali ndi malo ogwira ntchito, amayendetsedwa ndi njira yoyendetsera radar, ndipo amakhala ndi ntchito zina za IFR kapena mphamvu zamtundu.
- Malo Otsitsimutsa Ophunzira A : Maphunziro a Zigawo za E E ndi malo osungira ndege osasankhidwa monga malo A, B, C, kapena D. Malo ochulukirapo pamwamba pa dziko la United States amadziwika ngati malo E. Kawirikawiri, malo Otsatira A Okalasi amapita mpaka, koma osaphatikizapo, masentimita 18,000 a MSL (kumapeto kwa malo A airspace). Malo onse okwera pamwamba pa FL 600 ndi malo Otsatira A E.
- Mpweya wa G G: Malo a G G ndi malo osayendetsedwa ndi mpweya ndipo ndi gawo la malo osasankhidwa monga A A, B, C, D, kapena E.. Mlengalengawa amapita kuchokera pamwamba mpaka kumalo osungira malo a m'kalasi E . Ngakhale ATC ilibe ulamuliro kapena udindo woyendetsa galimoto, muyenera kukumbukira kuti pali VFR zochepa zomwe zimagwira ntchito ku G G Spacespace.