Machitidwe apadziko lonse, kapena GPS monga momwe amadziwikiratu, ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka zamakono zamakono, ndi chigawo chofunikira cha pulogalamu ya FAA ya NextGen.
Dera la GPS limapatsa oyendetsa ndege kupeza malo enieni a dera kapena maulendo anayi. Njira ya GPS imagwiritsa ntchito katatu kuti mudziwe malo enieni a ndege, komanso mofulumira, phokoso, kutalika kapena kuchokera ku malo owona, ndi nthawi.
Mbiri ya GPS
Asilikali a ku United States poyamba adagwiritsa ntchito GPS ngati chida chowongolera m'ma 1970. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, boma la United States linapatsa anthu onse magulu a GPS kuti asapezeke, popanda chiwongoladzanja, ndi nsomba imodzi: Njira yapadera, yotchedwa Selective Availability, idzapatsidwa mphamvu pofuna kuchepetsa cholinga cha GPS kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito, ndikusunga zolondola kwambiri Gulu la GPS la asilikali.
Mu 2000, pansi pa kayendetsedwe ka Clinton, kusankhidwa kwapadera kunathetsedwa, ndipo ndondomeko yomweyo yomwe asilikali adapindula nayo inaperekedwa kwa anthu onse.
Gulu la GPS
Gawo la GPS liri ndi zigawo zitatu: gawo la danga, gawo lolamulira, ndi zigawo zogwiritsa ntchito.
Chigawo cha danga chili ndi ma satellite satellites 31. United States Air Force ikugwira ntchito ma satellites 31, kuphatikizapo satellites atatu kapena anayi omwe angatulutsidwe ngati angathe. Panthawi iliyonse, ma satellites 24 aliwonse amagwiritsidwa ntchito mozungulira, poonetsetsa kuti ma satelliti aliwonse akuwonetsedwa panthawi imodzimodzi padziko lapansi.
Kufotokozera kwathunthu komwe satellites amapereka kumapangitsa GPS kukhala njira yodalirika yoyendetsa ndege zamakono zamakono.
Gawo lolamulira limapangidwa ndi malo osungirako malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauzira ndi kutumiza zizindikiro za satana kwa omvera osiyanasiyana. Malo osungiramo malo akuphatikizapo malo olamulira, malo ena olamulira, maina 12 ndi malo 16 oyang'anira.
Gawo la osuta la dongosolo la GPS limaphatikizapo ovomerezeka osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku mitundu yonse ya mafakitale. Chitetezo cha dziko, ulimi, malo, kufufuza, komanso mapu onse ndi zitsanzo za ogwiritsa ntchito mapeto a GPS. Pogwiritsa ntchito ndege, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ndiye woyendetsa ndege, yemwe amawona deta ya GPS pawonetseredwe m'bwalo la ndege.
Momwe Izo Zimagwirira Ntchito
Ma satellites a GPS amazungulira ma kilomita 12,000 pamwamba pathu, ndi kumaliza maola awiri alionse. Zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito dzuwa, zimauluka mumtunda wa Earth Earth orbit komanso zimapereka mauthenga a pawailesi kwa olandirira pansi.
Malo osungirako malo amagwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro kuti azitsata ndi kuyang'anira satellites, ndipo malo awa amapereka malo oyang'anira malo (MCS) ndi deta. MCS imapereka deta yolongosoka kwa satellites.
Wolandira m'ndege amalandira deta yam'nthawi ya ma wotchi a atomiki a satellites. Icho chikufanizitsa nthawi yomwe imafunika kuti chizindikirocho chichoke ku satellite kupita ku wolandila, ndipo chiwerengera mtunda molingana ndi nthawi yolondola ndi yeniyeni imeneyo. Ovomerezeka GPS amagwiritsa ntchito katatu - kuchokera pa satellites atatu - kuti adziwe malo enieni awiri. Ndi ma satellite anayi omwe amawoneka ndi ogwira ntchito, deta ya dera la magawo atatu akhoza kupezeka.
Zolakwa za GPS
Kusokonekera kwa dzikoli: chizindikiro cha satellite chimachepetsanso pamene chikudutsa m'mlengalenga.
Katswiri wamakono wa GPS amachititsa zolakwika izi podutsa nthawi yochepa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti vuto lidalipobe koma liri loperewera.
- Cholakwika cha Clock: Nthawi yotsegulira GPS ingakhale yosakwanira monga owonomu ya atomiki pa satelesi ya GPS, yopanga vuto lolondola kwambiri.
- Kulakwitsa kwachibadwa: Mawerengedwe a orbit angakhale osayenerera, omwe amachititsa chidwi kuti athe kudziwa malo enieni a satana.
- Cholakwika cha malo: Zizindikiro za GPS zikhoza kuchoka pa nyumba, malo, ngakhale kusokoneza magetsi kumachitika. Zizindikiro za GPS zimapezeka pamene wolandirayo akhoza "kuona" satana, kutanthauza kuti deta idzasowa kapena yosakwanira pakati pa nyumba zazikulu, malo ouma, ndi pansi.
Gwiritsirani ntchito G GPS
GPS imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'misewu yamakono lero monga gwero la malo osambira . Pafupifupi ndege iliyonse yomangidwa lero imabwera ndi galimoto yomwe imayikidwa ngati zipangizo zamakono.
Ndege zapamwamba, bizinesi zamalonda, ndi ndege zamalonda onse adapeza ntchito zothandiza GPS.
Kuchokera pazomwe zimayendera komanso malo apadera ku ndege, kufufuza ndi malo a ndege, GPS ndi chida chamtengo wapatali kwa aviators.
Kuyika magalimoto a GPS akhoza kuvomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ku IMC ndi maulendo ena a IFR . Oyendetsa sitima zamagetsi amapeza GPS kuti ikhale yothandiza kwambiri kuti asamangoganizira za kayendetsedwe ka zida komanso zoyendetsa ndege. Ma unit of Handheld, koma osavomerezedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito IFR, angakhale othandizira kuwathandiza chifukwa cholephera zipangizo, komanso chida chamtengo wapatali chokhala ndi chidziwitso cha mkhalidwe uliwonse.
Oyendetsa ndege akuyendetsa ndege VFR amagwiritsanso ntchito GPS ngati chida choyendetsa komanso kumbuyo kwa oyendetsa miyambo komanso njira zowonetsera zakufa.
Onse oyendetsa ndege akhoza kuzindikira deta ya GPS panthawi yosavuta, monga momwe mzerewu umathandizira kuti afufuze ndege yoyandikana nayo, kuwerengera nthawi panjira, mafuta panthawi, dzuwa likalowa ndi kutuluka, ndi zambiri, zambiri.
Posachedwapa, FAA yathandiza njira za GPS za njira zoyendetsera njira, kuyendetsa njira yowonongeka kwa oyendetsa ndege monga mawonekedwe a malo okhala ndi njira zowonongeka (LPV) . Izi ndi njira yoyenera yomwe ingathandize kuti kayendetsedwe ka ndege kachitidwe ka airsitiki kakhale kotheka kwambiri komanso kuthandizira kukwaniritsa zosowa za kayendetsedwe ka ndege m'tsogolo.