"Kupanga ndege sikokhalanso koopsa koma komatu kuposa nyanja, sichikhululukirana mosasamala kanthu, kusayenerera kapena kunyalanyaza."
- Capt AG Lamplugh, British Aviation Insurance Group
Malingana ndi Air Transport Association, munthu akhoza kuthawa tsiku lililonse kwa zaka 3,859 popanda kuchita nawo ngozi ya ndege. Izi ndi ngozi ya ngozi ya ngozi imodzi pa ndege zonse 1,4 miliyoni, malinga ndi ndondomeko ya CNN (yochokera pa deta ya 2009).
Kuyenda kwa ndege lero kumakhala kotetezeka, chifukwa cha mbali ya kafukufuku wa ngozi. Zomwe zimachitika mwazifufuzi zapadera zimayambitsa njira zowonjezera chitetezo choyendetsa ndege, monga kusintha kwaposachedwa kwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege ndi zopuma zapadera zomwe zimayambitsa vuto lakutopa kwa woyendetsa zomwe zinali chifukwa cha malipoti ambiri a ngozi. Kusintha uku kukuletsa ngozi ndi kupulumutsa miyoyo.
Ndondomeko ya kafukufukuyo ndi yophweka pamapepala koma ingakhale yovuta ndi zinthu zosaoneka ngati ndale, malamulo, komanso kusiyana kwa dziko lonse, komanso zofuna za thupi monga kuwonongeka kwa nyengo kapena kuwonongeka kwa ngozi. Pali maphwando ambiri komanso zinthu zomwe zimachitika pa kufufuza kwa ngozi za ndege, monga momwe tafotokozera m'munsimu.
Ndani Akuphatikizidwa mu Kafukufuku?
- IIC: Ngozi iliyonse ya ndege ingakhale ndi Wofufuza-Mu-Charge kapena IIC. Iyi ndi kampani kapena bungwe lomwe likuyendetsa kufufuza konse.
- NTSB: Ku United States, National Transportation Safety Board ndizoyendetsa kufufuza kafukufuku wa ndege, kupatulapo maboma ena ndi ngozi za usilikali. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito zawo zapakhomo, akuluakulu a NTSB nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa kuti athandizire ku ngozi zina zakunja chifukwa chokhala ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba komanso chidziwitso. Komanso, NTSB ikhoza kufufuza kufufuza zochitika kapena ngozi zomwe iwo sangachite kafukufuku kuti akwaniritse maphunziro kuti apititse patsogolo kuyendetsa ndege.
- ICAO: bungwe la International Civil Aviation Organisation lilibe ulamuliro pa kafukufuku wa dziko lino, koma limapereka malamulo ndi malamulo omwe ayenera kutsatiridwa chifukwa cha ngozi zomwe zikuyimira maiko awiri kapena kuposa.
- FAA: Ngakhale kuti ena angaganize kuti FAA iyenera kufufuza ngozi za ndege, tili ndi mwayi kuti iwo sachita! Amatenga mbali, makamaka kuti adziwe ngati pali malamulo ena omwe amathyoledwa ndipo ambiri, kuti adziŵe za chitetezo ndi zoyenera zomwe zingakhale zofunikira.
- Omwe Atafufuza Amaphunziro a Moto / Moto / Opaleshoni: Ngati ngozi ikuchitika pabwalo la ndege, mapulani a ndege a ndege akuyambe kuchitika. Pazifukwa zomveka, moto, malo apolisi kapena ogwira ntchito zachipatala angakhale mboni za zochitikazo atangochitika ngozi ndipo ndizofunikira kufufuza.
- FBI: FBI imakhalapo pamene ngozi zikuphwanya chitetezo cha dziko kapena zochitika zauchigawenga.
Zina: Mabungwe ndi akuluakulu ena osiyanasiyana angakhale nawo mbali yofufuza kafukufuku, mwachindunji, pochitira umboni, monga momwe amachitira nkhani, ndi kuwonjezera. Magulu enawa angaphatikizepo opanga ndege, ogwira ndege, makampani a inshuwalansi, EPA iliyonse, atolankhani kapena ofufuza odziimira okhaokha ndi othandizira.
Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri:
Kuyambira pamene NTSB sichitha kufufuza ngozi iliyonse yomwe imachitika mwatsatanetsatane, iwo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngozi za ndege zimagawidwa m'magulu anayi kuyambira "kufufuzidwa kwakukulu" kuti 'kufufuza kochepa'.
Kufufuza kwakukulu kungakhale kochitika pokhapokha ngati zikuphatikizapo ndege yaikulu, anthu ofunika, kapena uchigawenga. Gulu lonse la anthu ndi chuma lidzaperekedwa pa kufufuza kwakukulu.
Kufufuza kochepa, kumbali ina, kumaphatikizapo ngozi zowonongeka za ndege zomwe NTSB imayendera lipoti loperekedwa. Malinga ndi wofufuza wa Air Safety Grant Brophy, "ngozi zochepa zimafufuzidwa ndi foni ndi maphwando osiyanasiyana, pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cholembedwa pa NTSB 6120.1 mawonekedwe."
Pa Zochitika
Ngati ngoziyi ndi yaikulu kapena yofunika, IIC idzakhazikitsa "Gulu-Gulu," lomwe ndi gulu la anthu omwe akukonzekera kuti achitepo ndi ngozi yaikulu, monga ngozi yonyamulira ndege. "Gulu-Gulu" nthawi zambiri limaphatikizapo IIC, membala wa bolodi la NTSB, ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana, malingana ndi mtundu wa ngozi. Ngati mwachitsanzo pali chidziwitso choyambirira chimene injini yalephera, injini ya injini ndi injiniya zidzagwira nawo mbali.
Ngakhale asanalowe nawo, IIC idzagwira ntchito yokonza maziko omwe mamembala onse angakonzedwe ndikupatsidwa ntchito.
Apolisi a m'deralo, moto, ndi kupulumutsidwa zidzagwirizanitsidwa, monga chitetezo cha malo obwera chifukwa cha ngozi komanso zochitika zofalitsa zochitika, ngati pakufunika.
Poyamba, ozunzidwa ndi mboni adzadziwika ndikupatsidwa chithandizo.
Zowonongeka zimafufuzidwa, kujambulidwa, kujambulidwa pavidiyo ndi kusungidwa. Nthaŵi zina, amachotsedwa kuti apitirize kufufuza pa labu.
Pakati pa kufufuzira, pamatengedwe kuti tipewe njira yowopsa komanso zoopsa zina kwa anthu ofufuza. Kenaka ofufuzawo adzagwira ntchito pazokambirana zawo, malinga ndi zosowa zawo.
Kusanthula kwina kwachitidwa pofuna kudziwa momwe zimakhalira, kuthamanga, ndi kuthamanga. Mmene zimakhalira, zida zoyendetsa ndege, komanso ngakhale mipando ya eniulendo angauze ofufuzira zambiri za zomwe zingachitike.
Zofufuza ndi Malipoti
Pomwe kafukufukuyo watsirizidwa ndipo phungu likubweranso ku ofesi yake, malipoti amalembedwa pazomwe anapeza. Chipani chilichonse ku kafukufukuchi chimapangitsa kufufuza kwake ndi kusanthula ngoziyi ndikuyiika ku NTSB. NTSB ikulongosola lipoti lirilonse ndikukwaniritsa lipoti lake la ngozi. Pambuyo pake, (nthawi zina pambuyo pa ngozi), lipoti lidzatha. Anthu amatha kufufuza nkhani za NTSB za malipoti a ngozi kuti apeze tsatanetsatane wa ngozi zinazake.
NTSB ndege zowononga ngozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani oyendetsa ndege. Lipotili ndilokwanira ndipo NTSB imayesetsa kufotokozera nkhani yonseyo kuchokera ku lingaliro lopanda tsankho. NTSB imapangitsanso ndondomeko zotetezeka mu lipoti lirilonse ku maphwando osiyanasiyana, monga FAA, opanga ndege, ndege komanso oyendetsa ndege. Malangizowo nthawi zambiri amachititsa zinthu kuchokera ku mabungwe monga FAA, kuteteza ngozi zamtsogolo komanso potsiriza, kupulumutsa miyoyo.
Zotsatira:
- NTSB.com
- Kupenda Mavuto a Ndege , Edition 2 (2006), ndi Richard H. Wood ndi Robert W. Sweginnis