Momwe Televizioni, Radiyo ndi Internet Zinasinthira Mavuto a Zandale
Aliyense yemwe wakhala mu United States pamene akuyendetsa chisankho cha pulezidenti adziŵa zonse za malonda a ndale. Kunena kuti mabomba amaonera TV, omvera wailesi, ndi aliyense amene amawona bwalo lamabuku, ndiye kuti ndilo kusokonezeka kwakukulu. Malonda a ndale amakula kwambiri chaka chonse, akulankhula mwachidwi, pafupifupi $ 4 biliyoni omwe amathera mu chaka cha chisankho cha 2012. Ndipo mu 2016, nkhondo pakati pa Donald Trump ndi Hillary Clinton inachititsa kuti dziko lonse lapansi liwonongeke.
Koma kodi zinachokera kuti, ndipo zasintha bwanji?
Kumayambiriro, Malonda A ndale anali Osowa.
Kunali koyambirira kwa kanema kanema komwe kunasintha momwe ndale zinafikira omvera awo. Zisanachitike, zonsezi zinali zokhudzana ndi kutuluka ndi kuzungulira, kukambirana ndi ovoti, kukambirana maofesi a pa tauni komanso kugwirana chanza. Ndipotu mu 1948 Harry S. Truman anaphimba maulendo 31,000 ku America, akugwedeza manja oposa theka la milioni! Uku kunali kupindula kwenikweni mmbuyomu, koma zikanakhala zodabwitsa lero. Palibe wofunsayo amene angapereke kudzipereka kotere kumsonkhano ndi kulandira moni pamene malonda angathe kuchita ntchito yochuluka kwambiri.
Wosankhidwa ndi Pulezidenti Dwight D. Eisenhower anali wandale woyamba kuti azigwiritsa ntchito bwino chithunzithunzi chatsopanochi, kupanga ma TV makumi awiri ndi awiri mphambu ziwiri. Iwo anajambula tsiku limodzi pa Radio City Music Hall, ndipo zomwe zinali zosavuta - Eisenhower anatenga mafunso kuchokera kwa omvera, ndipo adawayankha mu njira yake ya "ng'ombe".
Mafunso awa adagawidwa kukhala otsatsa, ndipo pulojekiti yotchedwa "Eisenhower Answers America" inatha, ndipo inali yomaliza kupambana chisankho.
Kuchokera ku Nixon ndi Kennedy kupita kwa Johnson - Kupitiliza Kwachinyengo Kwambiri.
Pambuyo pa Eisenhower, mphamvu ya televizioni sinathe kukayikira. Televizioni ya Nixon ikulankhula pa pulezidenti wake, ponena za Cold War ndi corruption ya boma, inali yamphamvu kwambiri.
Komabe, John F. Kennedy anali munthu yemwe anabadwira kuti akhale pa kamera, ndipo adayambitsa zotsatsa 200 pa TV pa ulendo wake ku White House. Iye anali ndi chisomo, anali wotetezeka ndipo ankawoneka wotsika komanso wodalirika. Nixon, mbali inayo, anali atayang'ana pa kamera, anali atatumphira pamaso pake, ndipo ankawoneka wovuta. Zodabwitsa, pamene zokambiranazo zinali pa televised, anthu ankaganiza kuti Kennedy anali wopambana momveka bwino, pamene iwo akumvetsera pa wailesi ankaganiza mosiyana.
Kennedy atamwalira, Lyndon B. Johnson adathamanga mndandanda wamphamvu kwambiri pazofalitsa zamalonda. Mutu wakuti "Mtsikana wa Daisy," adawonetsa mtsikana wamng'ono akusewera "Amandikonda, samandikonda" ndipo pamene phokoso lomalizira lidathyoledwa, liwu linagonjetsedwa ndi kuphulika kwa nyukiliya. Zinali zowonongeka pa zofalitsa, koma zinagwira ntchito. Mzerewu "chifukwa choponderezeka kwambiri kuti mukhale pakhomo" chinali msomali womaliza mu bokosi la mpikisano wotchuka wa Johnson, Barry Goldwater. Mapeto makumi asanu ndi anayi (44) amasonyeza kuti zotsatila zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi zatsimikiziranso kuti ntchito yabwino ndi yofikira pa TV.
Zaka makumi angapo zomwe zatsatira, kufikira lero, malonda ambiri azalephereka. Zolinga za ndale zikuwoneka kuti zamphamvu kwambiri pamene akunena kuti "musati muvotere munthu ameneyu" osati "kuvota ine chifukwa ..." McGovern anayesera kuti asiye njira izi, koma potsirizira pake, amayenera kuthamangitsira malonda ku pitirizani pang'ono.
Zochitika za Reagan zotsutsana ndi Carter, ndipo George HW Bush ananyoza mdani wake. Ndondomekoyi yakhala yoyamba kuyambira kale.
Choyamba Clinton, ndiyeno Obama - Kulengeza Zandale Kukufika ku New Media
Ndizabwino kunena kuti William J. Clinton anali woyankhulidwa woyamba kukhala pulezidenti kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino mitundu yambiri ya chikhalidwe cha ndale. M'malo moyendetsa pulogalamu yamapulogalamu a TV, ma TV, ndi mapepala, iye amafalitsa maulendo ake ambiri. Adzawonekera pa masewero a masewera a TV ndikupeza njira zogwiritsa ntchito ngati MTV. Izi zinapangitsa chidwi cha ovoti aang'ono, ndipo adalumikizana ndi achinyamata omwe adamupangitsa chisankho mu '92, ndikubwezeretsanso mu '96.
Koma pankhani yotsatsa zamatsenga zamakono, Barack Obama anasintha masewerawo. Ngakhale adagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamalonda ndikuyendetsa malo olakwika, ntchito yake inali yochokera ku uthenga wabwino - Hope.
Ndipo, iye ankagwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndi zigawenga zofalitsa bwino. Wojambula Shepard Fairey (wolembedwa mu chikalata ichi) adapanga chithunzi chowonetseratu chomwe chinawonetsedwa m'misewu ku America.
Mabungwe a intaneti ndi mauthenga a uthenga ananyamula Uthenga wa Hope kudutsa fukoli. Obama akugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono, kuphatikizapo unyamata wake ndi chithumwa, wokweza kwambiri wamkulu wake, wotsutsa wa chi Republican, John McCain. The One Show, pakati pa mphoto ina ikuwonetseratu, adadziwa mphamvu ya pulojekitiyi kuti ikugwirizanitsa ndi malonda amasiku ano. Mosakayikitsa adzapanga tsogolo la malonda a ndale ku America, ndi kuzungulira dziko lapansi. Koma zomvetsa chisoni ... osati chisankho cha 2016 chomwe chinatsatira.
Donald Trump ndi Hillary Clinton - Nkhondo ya Historic ya Bizarre ya 2016
Panthawiyi nkhaniyi itasindikizidwa, wopambana wa mpikisano wa 2016 sanasankhidwe. Koma, chinthu chimodzi ndi chotsimikizika. 2016 anali wosintha masewero, ndi ndemanga ya Donald Trump akupereka ntchito yake mamiliyoni ndi mamiliyoni a madola muzofalitsa zomwe analandira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito malipiro. 2016 awonanso zina mwazogawanika kwambiri m'mbiri ya malonda zamakono, ndipo adayambitsa magulu odana, osakhulupirika, ndikumverera kwakukulu kosakhudza chisankho.
Kodi chisankho chidzasintha chifukwa cha masewera a 2016? Iyenera kutero. Koma chirichonse chimene chimachitika, nkhondo ya 2016 idzapita mu mbiriyakale ngati nkhondo yodabwitsa kwambiri ya m'badwo wamakono.