Family Medical Leave Act , kapena FMLA monga momwe imatchulidwira kawirikawiri, ikhoza kukhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo kotero anthu ambiri sapindula ndi wopindulitsa wogwira ntchitoyi. Ndi kuchuluka kwazolakwika zomwe ziri kunja uko, zingakhale zovuta kupeza mayankho olondola. Pano, talemba zinthu zina zomwe simungadziwe za FMLA, kuti muthe kukhala antchito odziwa zambiri komanso kutenga nthawi yobvomerezeka pamene mukufunikira kwambiri.
# 1 - Kodi FMLA inalipira nthawi?
Ayi, ndipo inde. Ngakhale kuti Family Medical Leave Act imapereka mwayi wotsegulira ntchito kwa nthawi yowonjezera ogwira ntchito, nthawiyi imatha kapena sichilipidwa ndi abwana. Zonsezi zimadalira ngati wogwira ntchitoyo ali ndi ufulu wopereka malipiro kudzera mwa ogwira ntchito awo. Mwachitsanzo, wogwira ntchito akhoza kulandira nthawi 21 pa nthawi yomwe amalipidwa chaka chilichonse koma wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito masiku 4 pazifukwa zake. Choncho, wogwira ntchitoyo angagwiritse ntchito nthawi yake yotsalira ya masiku 17 (kapena maola 136) pa nthawi ya kupita kwa FMLA. Nthawi yotsala siilipidwa, kotero wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zina panthawiyi, monga akaunti yodzipangira yekha kapena ndalama za mkazi wake.
# 2 - Kodi ndimalipidwa pa FMLA?
Pa nthawi yogwirizana ndi FMLA, bwana wanu sali wokakamizidwa kulipira malipiro anu koma akufunikanso kupitilizapo phindu lanu lonse, monga inshuwalansi, zopuma pantchito, ndi kugawa phindu.
Ntchito yanu imatetezedwa ndipo mumatsimikiza kuti (kapena ntchito yofanana) ikuyembekezerani mukabwerera kuntchito. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, muli oyenerera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi iliyonse yomwe mudalipidwa pa nthawi yanu ya FMLA, kotero muyenera kudziyang'anira pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zina pokhapokha PTO ikatha.
# 3 - Ndingatani kuti ndikhale ndi FMLA?
Kuti muvomerezedwe ndi FMLA, kampani yanu yoyamba iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zina, zomwe zimadziwika kuti "abwana ophimbidwa." Izi zikutanthauza kuti abwana anu ayenera kukhala ndi antchito oposa 50 kapena ochuluka omwe akugwira ntchito pamtunda wa makilomita 75. Kotero, ngakhale bwana wanu ali ndi antchito 200, koma 49 okha ogwira ntchito pa maofesi a 5 akulekanitsidwa ndi makilomita makumi awiri kapena kuposerapo, mukhoza kutembenuzidwa ku FMLA. Komabe, abwana ambiri adzaperekabe FMLA, ndipo pali malamulo a boma ndi a boma omwe angathe kukuthandizani. Chachiwiri, muyenera kuti munagwira ntchito miyezi khumi ndi iwiri (sikuyenera kutsatizana), komanso maola oposa 1250 (maola 24 pa sabata). Dziwani kuti simungathe kuwerengera nthawi za kusowa kwa ntchito kwa zaka 7 kapena kuposa pakati. Antchito ena omwe amagwira ntchito pamalo osungirako zinthu komanso mabungwe a boma ndi sukulu amayenera kugwira ntchito maola ochepa kuti akhale oyenerera.
# 4 - Kodi ndikupempha bwanji FMLA ndi liti?
Ndikofunika kwambiri kudziwitsa dipatimenti yanu yothandizira anthu mutangodziwa kuti mukufunika kugwiritsa ntchito phindu lanu la FMLA. Ndipotu, mukuyenera kupereka zosowa za masiku 30 kuti mutenge kalata ya FMLA, kapena mukhoza kukanidwa ndi abwana anu. Pankhani ya zosayembekezereka, monga ngozi kapena matenda a mwana kapena mwamuna, mungafunikire kupereka zolemba zachipatala kuti mupemphe chilolezo ndikuchivomereza.
Bwana wanu akuyenera kukupatsani yankho mkati mwa masiku asanu ndi awiri amalonda kuchokera pa pempho lanu loyamba la pa FMLA.
# 5 - Kodi FMLA ndi yofanana ndi yolemala yayitali?
Ayi, ngakhale FMLA ikufanana ndi kuchotsa nthawi pazifukwa zina, sizili zofanana ndi kulemala kwa nthawi yayitali. FMLA yapangidwa kuti cholinga chake chilolere antchito kusamalira kubadwa kapena kukhazikitsidwa kwa mwana watsopano, mkazi wodwala kwambiri kapena wachibale, kapena wachibale wapamtima amene ali wovulala wogwira ntchito. Ulendo waifupi wolemala umapangidwira kuti udzipweteke kapena kudwala chifukwa cha nthawi yovomerezeka ya mankhwala.
# 6 - Kodi mungaphonye mpaka liti kugwira ntchito pa FMLA?
Kawirikawiri, kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mungalandire FMLA ndi masabata 12 otetezedwa, ndipo ena amavomerezedwa mpaka masabata 18 (kwa asilikali).
Koma mutenga nthawi yaitali bwanji kuti mutenge FMLA kwa inu ndi mnzanuyo ngati iye akukonzekera kutenga nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, bambo watsopano angasankhe kuchotsa masabata atatu, pamene mkazi wake amatha masabata khumi ndi awiri kuchokera kuntchito kuti akapezenso atabereka.
# 7 - Kodi malipiro azachipatala a FMLA alipira?
Apanso, FMLA siyimangidwe ngati njira yowonjezeretsa kuchipatala chifukwa cha kuvulala kapena matenda owonjezera, kapena mtundu wa inshuwalansi. Malipiro a kuchoka kwachipatala ndi phindu la antchito lomwe limaperekedwa kwa antchito ena. Ngati chovulala kapena matenda akuchitika chifukwa cha ntchito ina kapena ngozi, ndiye kuti kuchoka kwachipatala kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko yothandizira inshuwalansi ya antchito ndipo ingakhale kwa masabata kapena miyezi yambiri malinga ndi kupita patsogolo.
# 8 - Kodi makolo onse angatenge FMLA?
Inde, nthawi zambiri makolo onse angathe kutenga nthawi ya FMLA. Zonsezi zimadalira ngati abambo onse a abambo akuphimbidwa ndi abambo pansi pa lamulo la FMLA ndipo ngati agwira ntchito maola ndi miyezi yofunikira kuti akwanitse. Mwachitsanzo, amayi atsopano akhoza kugwira ntchito kwa abwana ogwira ntchito ndipo agwira ntchito yowerengeka ya miyezi ndi maola asanafunse FMLA. Bambo angakhale atagwira ntchito kwa abwana, koma kuyambira atangoyamba ntchito 4 miyezi yapitayi, sangathe kutenga FMLA. Ngati makolo onse ali ovomerezeka, ayenera kudziwitsa abwana awo ndikupempha kuti achoke mwamsanga atangodziwa kuti akufunikira nthawi.
# 9 - Ndi zinthu zotani zomwe zimaphimbidwa ndi FMLA?
Pulogalamu ya FMLA yapangidwa ndi cholinga chenicheni pamene wogwira ntchito akufunika kutenga nthawi yayitali. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga mimba kapena kulandira mwana watsopano , kusungidwa kwa mwana kulandiridwa, matenda aakulu ndi chithandizo chamankhwala cha mwamuna kapena mkazi, mwana, mwana wamwamuna, mwana woyembekezera, kholo, kapena wina wodalirika. FMLA imaphatikizapo mamembala apamtima a munthu wogwira ntchito yomenyera nkhondo, choncho kholo lingasamalire mwana wamkulu kapena wogwira ntchito akhoza kusamalira msuweni wake.
# 10 - Chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati sindingathe kubwerera kuchokera ku FMLA?
Ichi ndi chodetsa nkhaŵa chomwe ambiri amakhala nacho pokhudzana ndi ulendo wa FMLA. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa nthawi yobwezera kapena mavuto ena angapitirire kupitirira masabata 12 mpaka 18 ovomerezeka ochoka. Ngakhale izi sizikusowa, antchito ayenera kuyesetsa kuchita izi ndi abwana awo atangodziwa kuti angafunike nthawi yambiri. Nthaŵi zina, kulumikizidwa kwa FMLA kungaperekedwe ndi abwana chifukwa choyenera, kapena abwana angapemphe wogwira ntchitoyo kuti azigwira ntchito nthawi imodzi kapena kunyumba panthawiyi. Mofananamo, mukhoza kubweranso kukagwira ntchito mwamsanga ngati mukufuna.
# 11 - Ndi bungwe liti limene limalimbikitsa FMLA ngati ndili ndi vuto?
Nthawi zina, mavuto ndi mafunso amabwera pamene akupita ku FMLA. Dipatimenti Yogwira Ntchito ku United States ndiyo bungwe la boma lomwe limalimbikitsira FMLA, kotero ngati simungathe kupeza mayankho kwa abwana anu kapena ngati mukukhulupirira kuti mwatayidwa koma muli oyenerera, mukhoza kulankhulana ndi magawo anu a boma. Makampani omwe amalephera kutsatira malangizo a FMLA amamangidwa ndi zovuta zowonjezereka ndi zilango.
Ngati muli ndi mafunso ochulukirapo, mukhoza kukopera Buku la Wophunzira kwaulere ku FMLA monga momwe Dipatimenti Yantchito ikuperekera.