Ntchito
Akatswiri owona za zamagulu ndi akatswiri a zinyama ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba pakuwunika, kuyang'anira, ndi kuteteza matenda kwa anthu. Ntchito zazikulu za katswiri wa matenda odwala matendawa zingaphatikizepo kupenda matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso zochitika zowopsa, kuyang'ana momwe ntchito ya katemera ikuyendera, kuphunzira njira zowonongeka kwa mankhwala, kuyerekeza zochitika zaumoyo zokhudzana ndi zinyama, ndi kufufuza kwina.
Akatswiri ambiri odwala matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito maofesi amaofesi nthawi zonse pokhapokha ngati matenda akuyamba kuchitika mwamsanga.
Zosankha za Ntchito
Epidemiology ndi imodzi mwa zofunikira kwambiri zomwe veterinarians amatha kukwaniritsa board certification. Nyuzipepala ya American College of Medicine Preventive Medicine inanena kuti akatswiri makumi asanu ndi awiri (55) odwala matenda a mliri mu 2014 (gawo laling'ono la 687 mamembala awo). Bungwe lovomerezeka la bungwe silikuyenera kuti likhale ngati katswiri wamagulu a ziweto, komabe asayansi ambiri amatha kumaliza mapulogalamu ena m'munda (monga a FDA's Epidemiology Training Program).
Akatswiri owona za zinyama angapeze ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito osiyanasiyana monga ma laboratories ofufuza, mabungwe aphunziro, ndi makampani apadera (monga makampani a zamankhwala). Mabungwe a boma monga US Food & Drug Administration amagwiritsanso ntchito akatswiri ambiri odwala matenda opatsirana pofuna kuyang'anira matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito ziweto komanso kukhalabe ndi thanzi labwino.
Madokotala a zachipatala a FDA amagwira ntchito ku Center for Veterinary Medicine, Center for Food Safety ndi Applied Nutrition, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, ndi Center for Biologics Research and Research.
Maphunziro & Maphunziro
Akatswiri odwala matenda a zinyama ayenera kuyamba mwa kupeza digiri ya dokotala wamkulu wa veterinary medicine (DVM).
Atapatsidwa chilolezo kuti azichita zamankhwala, vet akhoza kuyamba kukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zidzawatsogolere ku chidziwitso ku malo apadera a epidemiology, pokhapokha atakhala ndi chidwi chotsatira njirayi. (Zosankha zina kunja kwa bwalo la chizindikiritso zimaphatikizapo mapulogalamu apadera ophunzitsira ndi mabungwe a boma kapena madigiri apamwamba monga Masters mu Umoyo Wathanzi kapena Ph.D. mu Epidemiology).
Kuti akhale woyenera kutenga dipatimenti yodzitetezera, woyenerayo ayenera kukhala woyang'anira dipatimenti ku American College ya Veterinary Preventive Medicine (ACVPM). Ayeneranso kukhala ndi zaka ziwiri zomwe zakhala zikuchitika m'mbuyo mwa matenda a epidemiology, ndizofalitsa (kapena kusindikizira) nkhani mu magazini ya sayansi yowonedwa ndi anzawo, ndi kupeza malingaliro atatu a akatswiri. Gulu loperekera chidziwitso cha matenda opatsirana pogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi (ACVPM). Pambuyo pofufuza mayesowa, munthu amene wapatsidwa chilolezo amapatsidwa udindo wokhala ndi dipatimenti pazochitika zapadera.
Anthu omwe satsatira njira yobvomerezekayi akhoza kukhala ndi chidwi ndi Dipatimenti Yophunzitsa A Epidemiology ya FDA. Pulojekitiyi imaphatikizapo chaka chophunzira maphunziro opatsirana pogonana komanso zaumoyo, ndikutsatiridwa ndi zaka ziwiri zokhalamo .
Mabungwe Othandiza
Bungwe la Matenda a Zanyama zamakono ndi Matenda Odziteteza (AVEPM) ndi bungwe la akatswiri a zinyama ndi ena omwe akugwira nawo ntchito za matenda a zanyama. AVEPM imapereka chidziwitso cha maphunziro ndipo imayang'anira zochitika kwa mamembala ake omwe amawathandiza kuti apitirizebe kufunika kwa maphunziro awo opitirira. Kupitiliza maphunziro amaphunzitsidwa kawirikawiri popita ku zokambirana ndikuchita nawo ntchito zabubu.
Misonkho
Chidziwitso chaposachedwa chomwe chinasonkhanitsidwa ndi Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) chinasonyeza kuti malipiro a pachaka apakati kwa onse ogwira ntchito zakale anali $ 87,590 (mu Meyi wa 2014). Otsatira khumi pa zana onsewa amapeza ndalama zokwana madola 52,530 pachaka pamene amodzi khumi alionse amapeza ndalama zoposa $ 157,390 pachaka.
Ngakhale BLS sichipereka nambala ya malipiro osiyana pazipatala zonse zazitsulo, akatswiri a bungwe lovomerezeka akupeza malipiro kumapeto kwa mapiri chifukwa cha kuphunzitsidwa kwawo kwakukulu.
Malingana ndi BLS, ndalama zambiri za onse odwala epidemiologists zinali $ 67,420 mu May 2014. Ochepa khumi omwe adalandira ndalama zoposa $ 43,530 pamene khumi mwa khumi adalandira ndalama zoposa $ 112,360. Amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kafukufuku & chitukuko amapeza ndalama zambiri ($ 89,360).
Akatswiri odwala matendawa omwe amapeza malo awo okhala amapeza malipilo panthawi ya maphunziro awo, koma malipirowo amakhala ocheperapo kusiyana ndi omwe angapeze pamene akugwira ntchito ngati veterinarian payekha. Malipiro a malo okhalapo ambiri amapangidwa kuchoka pa $ 25,000 mpaka $ 35,000 pachaka, malingana ndi mtengo wapadera ndi malo omwe amakhala nawo.
Maganizo a Ntchito
Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa Bureau of Labor (BLS) zikuwonetsa kuti ntchito yonse ya zofukula zidzakula mofulumira kuposa momwe amachitira ntchito zonse (pafupifupi 9 peresenti) kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2024. BLS imaneneratu kukula kwa chiwerengero cha onse odwala matenda a epidemiologists , zomwe ziyenera kuwonjezeka pafupifupi 6% panthawi yomweyi.
Veterinarians omwe amakwaniritsa chiphaso kapena maphunziro ena apamwamba ayenera kupitiliza kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chabwino pa matenda a matenda.