Ntchito za Mlimi wa nkhuku
Udindo wamba wa alimi a nkhuku ndi monga:
- Kupatsa chakudya
- Kusamalira mankhwala
- Kuyeretsa zitseko
- Kutsimikizira mpweya wabwino
- Kuchotsa mbalame zakufa kapena zodwala
- Kusunga malo ogwira bwino ntchito
- Kuwunika khalidwe la nkhosa kuti azindikire zizindikiro za matenda
- Kutumiza mbalame kuti zisamalire zomera
- Kubwezeretsa malo okhala ndi mbalame zazing'ono
- Kusunga zolemba zambiri
- Kuyang'anitsitsa antchito osiyanasiyana akulima famu
Nkhuku zogwira nkhuku zimagwira ntchito limodzi ndi ziweto kuti zitsimikizire thanzi lawo. Odyetsa ziweto zogulitsa malonda ndi ziweto zanyama amathandizanso alangizi a nkhuku kuti adziwe momwe angakhalire chakudya chokwanira pa malo awo.
Monga momwe zilili ndi ntchito zambiri zaulimi , mlimi akhoza kugwira ntchito maola ochuluka omwe angakhale usiku, sabata ndi sabata. Ntchito ingagwire ntchito zosiyanasiyana nyengo ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Ogwira ntchito angakhalenso ndi matenda omwe amapezeka m'zinyalala za nkhuku, monga salmonella kapena E.
coli.
Zosankha za Ntchito
Nkhuku zambiri za nkhuku zimayambitsa mitundu ina ya mbalame pofuna cholinga china. Pafupifupi theka la magawo atatu a nkhuku zimachokera ku ntchito yopanga nkhuku, zomwe ndi nkhuku zazing'ono zomwe zimadzedwa kuti zikhale nyama. Pafupifupi kotala limodzi la ndalama za nkhuku zimabwera kuchokera ku mazira . Nkhokwe zotsalazo zimachokera ku mitundu ina ya mitundu monga turkeys, abakha, mbalame zamasewera, nthiwatiwa, kapena emus.
Malinga ndi USDA, minda ya nkhuku zambiri za ku United States zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyama zimayikidwa m'madera akum'mwera chakum'maŵa, kum'mwera chakum'mawa, Appalachian, Delta, ndi Cornbt, zomwe zimayika pafupi ndi nkhuku zambiri zogwirira nkhuku. Dziko lomwe lili ndi minda yambiri ya minda ya broiler ndi Georgia, kenaka ndi Arkansas, Alabama, ndi Mississippi. A US ndiwo wachiwiri wotsatsa katundu wa broilers, wachiwiri ku Brazil.
Masamba ambiri omwe amapanga broilers ndi yaikulu malonda opangira ntchito mkati m'nyumba broiler kupanga. Mitundu ina ya ulimi wa broiler ndi yopanga maulendo opanga maulendo opangidwa ndi maofesi osiyanasiyana.
Maphunziro ndi Maphunziro
Alimi ambiri a nkhuku amakhala ndi digiri ya zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi mu sayansi ya zinyama, sayansi ya zinyama , ulimi, kapena malo ophatikizana kwambiri. Komabe, digiri sizowonjezera kuti alowe kuntchito. Maphunziro a zinyama zokhudzana ndi zinyama angaphatikizepo nkhuku za sayansi, sayansi ya zinyama, anatomy, physiology, kubereka, kupanga nyama, zakudya, sayansi ya mbewu, ma genetics, kayendetsedwe kaulimi, zipangizo zamakono, ndi zamalonda.
Alimi ambiri a nkhuku amaphunzira za malonda awo pazaka zawo zachinyamata kudzera m'mapulogalamu achinyamata monga Future Farmers of America (FFA) kapena 4-H.
Mabungwe awa amavumbulutsa ophunzira kwa zinyama zosiyanasiyana ndikulimbikitsa kulimbikitsa ziweto. Ena amapindula ndi ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ziweto pa famu.
Zomwe Zingatheke Mlimi Wamkuku
Ndalama zomwe mlimi amapeza zimatha kusintha mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe zimasungidwa, mtundu wamapangidwe, komanso mtengo wamakono wa nkhuku. Bungwe la Labor Statistics (BLS) linanena kuti malipiro apakati kwa oyang'anira zaulimi anali $ 68,050 pachaka ($ 32.72 pa ora) mu Meyi wa 2014. Ochepa kwambiri omwe amalandira khumi mwa azimayi oyendetsa ulimi akugulitsa pansi pa $ 34,170 pamene pamwamba pake $ 106,980.
Buku la 2010 Poultry Production kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Kentucky limapereka kuwonongeka kofanana kwa ndalama zapakhomo kwa alimi omwe amagwira ntchito monga oyendetsa ntchito zamalonda awo-kuphatikizapo minda yosakhala ya banja.
Ndalama zambiri zinali $ 71,360, ngakhale gawo lalikulu la ndalamazo linali "phindu laulimi" ndipo silinagwirizane ndi kupanga ma broilers. Minda yaing'ono 52,717 inalipira ndalama zokwana $ 121,690.
Manyowa angathenso kusonkhanitsidwa ndikugulitsidwa kwa wamaluwa kuti agwiritsire ntchito monga feteleza, zomwe zingakhale ngati njira yowonjezerapo ya alimi a nkhuku. Alimi ang'onoang'ono omwe sali ogwirizana ndi nkhuku amagwira ntchito m'mabizinesi ena m'minda yawo - kukulitsa mbewu kuti apange mitundu ina ya ziweto-kupereka ndalama zina kumunda.
Alimi a nkhuku ayenera kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama zosiyanasiyana powerengera malipiro awo onse. Ndalamazi zimaphatikizapo chakudya, ntchito, inshuwalansi, mafuta, katundu, kukonzanso, kusamalirako zanyama , kuchotsa zinyalala, kukonzanso zipangizo kapena kusintha.
Job Outlook
Bungwe la Labor and Statistics likulosera kuti padzakhala kuchepa kwakukulu kwa pafupifupi 2 peresenti pa mwayi wa mwayi wogwira ntchito kwa alimi, okalamba, ndi oyang'anira zaulimi pazaka zingapo zotsatira. Izi zimayambira makamaka ku chikhalidwe cholimbikitsana m'malima, popeza ochepa omwe akupanga malonda akugulitsidwa ndi zida zazikulu zamalonda.
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa ntchito kungasonyeze kuchepa pang'ono, kafukufuku wa USDA wa mafakitale akuwonetsa kuti nkhuku zotulutsa nkhuku zidzapindula mwadzidzidzi kupyola mu 2021 chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zofuna za broilers.