Ntchito
Ofufuza a mkaka amayendera zoonetsetsa kuti minda ya mkaka ikhale yotsatizana ndi malamulo okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha zakudya. Ofufuza amayendetsedwa ku gawo linalake, ndikuyesa kufufuza kosadziwika kwa famu iliyonse miyezi isanu ndi umodzi (federal Pasteurized Milk Ordinance imafuna kuti maphunziro a Gulu la A mkaka afufuzidwe kawiri pachaka).
Ofufuza a mkaka amayang'ana malo onsewa paulendo wawo. Amayang'ana ukhondo wa zida zogwirira ntchito, amayang'anitsitsa thanzi la mkaka, ndi kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo za mkaka ndi madzi kuti awone. Amaperekanso malayisensi kwa ogulitsa mkaka, malemba, ndi kupereka malipiro a zophwanya zilizonse, ndipo amapereka malangizo kwa oyang'anira ntchito kuti athetse njala komanso kuchepetsa matenda. Kumapeto kwa kuyendera, woyang'anira mkaka amafunika kulembetsa lipoti lonse lomwe likufotokoza zomwe zili pa malowa.
Ofufuza a mkaka ayenera kuyendayenda kwambiri kudera lawo lomwe amaloledwa kukafufuza malo ambiri a mkaka. Chikhalidwe cha kafukufuku wanyama kamakhala kawirikawiri kuti woyang'anitsitsa amatha kugwira ntchito madzulo, sabata, ndi maola a holide ngati n'kofunikira.
Zosankha za Ntchito
Oyang'anira mkaka akhoza kugwira ntchito kwa mabungwe a boma ku United States ndi kunja.
Zonse ziwiri ndizomwe zilipo nthawi zina zingakhalepo. Ofufuza a mkaka angapezenso ntchito yoyendetsa ntchito yokhudzana ndi ntchito monga woyang'anira zinyama .
Bungwe la Labor Statistics linanena kuti ambiri omwe amagwira ntchito yoyang'anira ulimi ali ndi boma la federal (24 peresenti) ndi boma la boma (22 peresenti).
Amayi omwe amapereka udindo waukulu kwambiri m'madera amenewa ndi California (1,600 ntchito), Texas (ntchito 890), ndi Florida (ntchito 660).
Kuwonjezera pa maudindo oyendetsera ntchito, oyang'anira angathe kusintha njira zosiyanasiyana zolimbirana mkaka monga mkaka wa mkaka kapena woyang'anira , wathanzi , wothandizira ulimi , kapena wodwala ziweto .
Maphunziro & Maphunziro
Zofunikira za maphunziro kwa oyang'anira mkaka zingakhale zosiyana kuchokera ku dziko lina kupita kumalo ena, koma digiri ya BS mu malo okhudzana ndi zinyama nthawi zambiri amawakonda. Sayansi yamatayi ndi yotchuka kwambiri kwa iwo omwe akukonzekera kuchita ntchitoyi.
Sayansi ya majeremusi akuyenera kumaliza maphunziro awo m'madera monga maatomu ndi thupi, ma genetics, kubereka, zakudya, khalidwe, mkaka, kayendedwe ka ng'ombe, kayendedwe kabwino ka lactation, ziweto, kuyesa malonda, ndi kugulitsa ntchito. Mapulogalamu ambiri amaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa manja pazochitikira ndipo amafuna kukwaniritsa zoweta .
Oyang'anira oyenerera amayeneranso kukhala ndi manja ena-pazochitikira ndi kasamalidwe ka mkaka, kuyendetsa zipangizo, kupanga njira, ndi njira zowonetsera khalidwe. Ayeneranso kudziŵa bwino malamulo osiyanasiyana a boma, a boma, ndi a federal.
Zovomerezeka za woyaka mkaka zimayendera mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, California, imafuna kuti alembedwe kuti alembetse Dairy Inspector. Atapereka mayeso, woyang'anirayo angaloledwe kuchita ntchito zoyendetsera boma lawo.
Misonkho
Bungwe la Labor Statistics (BLS) silikusonkhanitsa deta ya chiwerengero cha gulu la oyang'anira mkaka koma limaphatikizapo m'gulu lalikulu la oyang'anira ulimi. Ofufuza zaulimi adalemba malipiro a $ 42,680 pachaka ($ 20.52 pa ora) mu kafukufuku wotsatira wa BLS womwe unachitikira mwezi wa May 2013. Otsata 10 peresenti ya oyang'anira ulimi adapeza ndalama zosakwana madola 25,540 pachaka ($ 12.28 pa ora) Ambiri mwa oyang'anira ulimi adapeza ndalama zoposa $ 63,150 pachaka ($ 39.36 pa ola limodzi).
Wakafukufuku wa amishonale ku California kuyambira pakati pa 2014 (ku Sonoma) adalongosola malipiro a pachaka a $ 62,572 mpaka $ 76,055 ($ 29.98 mpaka $ 36.44 paola lililonse). Nambalayi ndi yapamwamba kwambiri kusiyana ndi malipiro omwe amayembekezeredwa kuti azikhalapo, mwina chifukwa cha mtengo wapatali wokhala nawo m'deralo.
Maganizo a Ntchito
Kufunika kwa oyang'anira mkaka ayenera kukhala osasunthika pa zaka 10 zikubwerazi. Oyenerera oyenerera ndi kuphatikiza maphunziro ndi manja pazochitika adzapindula ndi chiyembekezo chabwino m'munda.