Kale, kunali chizoloŵezi chombo cholowera ku doko laubwenzi kuti akwaniritse kanki yake kuti asonyeze kuti anamasulidwa.
Chikhalidwe Chokhazikika
Chizoloŵezi chopereka salute ndi kankhoni chinayamba m'zaka za m'ma 1400 pamene zida ndi ziphuphu zinagwiritsidwa ntchito. Popeza zipangizo zoyambirirazi zinali ndi pulojekiti imodzi yokha, kuwatulutsa kamodzi kunkawapangitsa kukhala opanda ntchito. Nkhondo zapachiyambi zankhondo zinaponyera mfuti zisanu ndi ziwiri-chiwerengero chachisanu ndi chiwiri chimasankhidwa chifukwa cha nyenyezi zake ndi zofunikira za m'Baibulo. Mapulaneti asanu ndi awiri adadziwika ndipo magawo a mwezi anasintha masiku asanu ndi awiri. Baibulo limanena kuti Mulungu anapuma pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri pambuyo pa Chilengedwe, kuti chaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri chirichonse chinali sabata ndipo nthawi zisanu ndi ziwiri zachisanu ndi chiwiri chaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri chinayambika mu Chaka cha Yachiwiri.
Mabakiteriya a nthaka, okhala ndi mfuti yochulukirapo, adatha kuwombera mfuti zitatu pamphepete uliwonse, choncho salute pamphepete mwa mabatire anali 21 mfuti.
Zambiri mwa zitatuzi zinasankhidwa chifukwa cha chiwerengero chachinsinsi cha nambala zitatu m'madera ambiri akale. Mfuti yam'mbuyo, yomwe imapangidwa makamaka ndi sodium nitrate, inawonongeka mosavuta panyanja koma ikhoza kusungidwa mozizira komanso mofulumira magazini amkati. Pamene potaziyamu nitrate imapangitsa kuti mfuti ikhale yabwino, sitima za m'nyanja zinalandira salute ya mfuti 21.
Kwa zaka zambiri, chiwerengero cha mfuti chinathamangitsidwa chifukwa cha zosiyana zosiyanasiyana kuchokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Pofika m'chaka cha 1730, Royal Navy inali kutchula mfuti 21 pamasiku ena a tsiku lachikumbutso, ngakhale kuti izi sizinali zovomerezeka ngati salute kwa banja la Royal mpaka m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu.
Zochitika zambiri zotchuka zokhudzana ndi mfuti zinachitika panthawi ya Revolution ya America. Pa 16 November 1776, Nkhondo yotchedwa Continental Navy brigantine Andrew Doria, Kapita Yesaya Robinson, adathamangira mchere wa 13 mfuti pofika pa doko la St. Eustatius ku West Indies (nkhani zina zimapereka 11 monga chiwerengero). Patangopita mphindi zochepa, salute anabwezeredwa ndi mfuti 9 (kapena 11) mwa dongosolo la kazembe wachi Dutch wa chilumbachi. Pa nthawiyo, mchere wa 13 wa mfuti ukanakhala woimira ma United States 13 atsopano; saling yachizolowezi yoperekedwa ku republic pa nthawi imeneyo inali mfuti 9. Izi zatchedwa " salute woyamba " ku mbendera ya ku America. Komabe, pafupi masabata atatu asanakhalepo, wophunzira wina wa ku America anajambula maonekedwe ake ku chilumba cha ku Denmark cha St. Croix. Mbendera yothamanga ndi Andrew Doria ndi schooner osadziwika dzina la America mu 1776 sizinali nyenyezi ndi mizendo, zomwe zinali zisanatengedwe. M'malo mwake, inali mbendera ya Grand Union, yokhala ndi mitambo khumi ndi itatu yofiira ndi yoyera ndi British Jack mu mgwirizanowu.
Pulezidenti woyamba wovomerezeka ndi nyenyezi ndi nyenyezi zinachitika pa 14 February 1778, pamene sitimayo ya Continental Navy, Captain John Paul Jones, inathamangitsa mfuti 13 ndipo inalandira 9 kuchokera ku mayiko a ku France omwe anakhazikika ku Quiberon Bay, France .
Moni wa mfuti 21 unakhala ulemu wapamwamba mtundu woperekedwa. Kusokoneza miyambo pakati pa nyanja zamatsenga kunayambitsa chisokonezo pochitira saluting ndi kubwezeretsa mchere. Great Britain, mphamvu yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi m'zaka za zana la 18 ndi 19, idapangitsa mayiko osafooka kuti apereke saliti yoyamba, ndipo kwa nthawi ina ma monarchi analandira mfuti zambiri kuposa momwe amachitira. Pambuyo pake, mgwirizanowo, mchere wapadziko lonse unakhazikitsidwa pa mfuti 21, ngakhale kuti United States sanagwirizane pazomweyi mpaka August 1875.
Kusintha kwa Mfuti ya Mfuti
Mchitidwe wa salute wa mfuti ku United States wasintha kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri.
Mu 1810, "mchere wa dziko" umatanthauzidwa ndi Dipatimenti Yachiwawa yomwe ikufanana ndi chiwerengero cha mayiko a Union - panthawi imeneyo 17. Salute iyi inachotsedwa ndi makina onse a usilikali a US ku 1:00 pm (pambuyo pake masana) pa tsiku lodziyimira. Purezidenti analandira salute yofanana ndi chiwerengero cha mayiko pamene adayendera usilikali.
Malamulo oyendetsa gombe la ku America a 1818 anali oyamba kulongosola njira yeniyeni yoperekera mfuti (ngakhale kuti mabulosi ankagwiritsa ntchito mfuti malamulo asanalembedwe). Malamulo amenewo ankafuna kuti "Purezidenti akadzayendera sitima ya Navy ya United States, adzalandiridwa ndi mfuti 21." Tingazindikire kuti 21 inali chiwerengero cha mayiko ku Union nthawi imeneyo. Kwa kanthawi kochepa, kunakhala mwambo wopereka mchere wa mfuti ku boma lililonse, ngakhale kuti pakuchita ntchitoyi kunali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mfuti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita moni. '
Pamene Masalimo a Gun akugwiritsidwa ntchito
Kuwonjezera pa kupereka moni kwa Pulezidenti ndi akuluakulu a boma, inalinso mwambo mu Navy ya ku America kuti apereke "saluting" pa February 22nd (Washington Birthday) ndi July 4th (chaka cha Declaration of Independence).
Pulezidenti wa mfuti makumi awiri ndi umodzi kwa Purezidenti ndi akuluakulu a boma, Tsiku la kubadwa kwa Washington, ndi lachinayi la July adakhala muyezo ku United States Navy ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo atsopano pa 24 May 1842. Malamulo amenewa adanena momveka bwino:
- "Purezidenti wa United States akadzayendera sitima yapamadzi, adzalandire ndi kulemekeza izi: Mabwalo adzagwiritsidwa ntchito, maofesi onse adzakhala pamphepete mwa yunifolomu yeniyeni, alonda onse adzasungidwa ndipano mikono, nyimbo zidzasewera, ndipo mfuti ya mfuti makumi awiri ndi imodzi idzatulutsidwa ndipo adzalandira ulemu womwewo atachoka.
"Pambuyo pa chikumbutso cha Declaration of Independence ku United States, mitunduyo idzawombedwa dzuwa litatuluka, ndipo zida zonse za navy zidzakhala, podzitetezera, zikavekedwa, ndipo pitirizani mpaka mazira atakonzedwa dzuwa litalowa, ngati nyengo ya nyengo ndi zochitika zina zidzaloleza. Kutuluka dzuwa, meridian, ndipo dzuwa litalowa, salute ya mfuti makumi awiri ndi imodzi idzathamangitsidwa kuchoka ku chotengera chilichonse mu komiti yokweza mfuti zisanu ndi chimodzi. "
"Pa tsiku la 21 la February, chaka chokumbukira Washington, mfuti makumi awiri mphambu imodzi idzapulumutsidwa meridian kuchokera ku chotengera chilichonse cha navy mu komiti yomwe ikukwera mfuti zisanu ndi chimodzi."
Masiku ano, moni wa mfuti 21 umathamangitsidwa polemekeza mbendera ya dziko, mfumu kapena mtsogoleri wa dziko lachilendo, membala wa banja lachifumu, komanso Purezidenti, Purezidenti, ndi Pulezidenti wosankhidwa United States. Amathandizidwanso masana a tsiku la maliro a Purezidenti, Purezidenti, kapena Pulezidenti osankhidwa, pa Tsiku la kubadwa kwa Washington, Tsiku la Presidents, ndi lachinayi cha July. Pa Tsiku la Chikumbutso, mfuti ya mfuti 21 imathamangitsidwa masana pamene mbendera imathamanga pa theka . Mabomba makumi asanu ndi awiri amathandizidwanso pazitsulo zonse za usilikali zomwe ziyenera kutero kumapeto kwa tsiku la maliro a Pulezidenti, Purezidenti, kapena Pulezidenti wosankhidwa.
Zopereka mfuti zimaperekedwanso kwa atsogoleri ena a usilikali komanso aumphawi a mayiko ena ndi ena. Chiwerengero cha mfuti chimachokera pa udindo wawo wa protocol. Ma saluteswa nthawi zonse amakhala owerengeka. Mwachitsanzo, Vicezidenti Wachiwiri wa United States, Secretary Defense, and Secretaries of the Army , Air Force , ndi Navy onse amatha mfuti 19. Olamulira akuluakulu mu mautumikiwa (Commandant of the Marine Corps, Chief of Naval Operations, ndi Chief Army and Air Force Chief of Staffs) onse amatha mfuti 17. Olamulira ena 4 omwe ali ndi nyenyezi ndi zozizwitsa amayeza mfuti 17. Nyenyezi zitatu zilipo 15, nyenyezi ziwiri ndi 13, ndipo nyenyezi imodzi imakhalapo 11.
Mamasulidwe a Mfuti pa Maliro a Zida
Pa maliro a usilikali, nthawi zambiri amawona zipolopolo zitatu zomwe zimathamangitsidwa pofuna kulemekeza womwalirayo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimalakwitsa ndi anthu omwe amamvetsera mfuti 21, ngakhale kuti ndizosiyana kwambiri (msilikali, "mfuti" ndi chida chodziwika kwambiri.) Zomba zitatu zimachotsedwa ku "mfuti," osati "mfuti." Choncho, mapulumu atatuwa sali "mtundu wochitira mfuti," nkomwe).
Aliyense yemwe ali woyenerera ku maliro a asilikali (makamaka amene amamwalira pa ntchito yake , mwaulemu omenyera nkhondo, ndi othawa kwawo usilikali) ali pamagulu atatu a mfuti, malinga ndi kupezeka kwa magulu a alonda. Monga ndanenera, ichi si moni wa mfuti 21, kapena mtundu uliwonse wa "mchere wa mfuti." Zimangokhala zipolopolo zitatu zogwiritsira ntchito mfuti. Gulu la kuwombera likhoza kukhala ndi nambala iliyonse, koma kawirikawiri amangoona gulu lachisanu ndi chitatu, ndi wogwira ntchito osasinthidwa wotsogolera nkhani. Kaya gululi liri ndi atatu kapena asanu ndi atatu, kapena khumi, membala aliyense amawotcha katatu (mavoti atatu).
Mavota atatuwa amachokera ku mwambo wakale wa nkhondo. Mbali ziwiri zotsutsanazi zikanatha kuthetsa nkhondo kuti zichotse akufa awo ku nkhondo, ndipo kuwombera kwa mapiko atatu kumatanthauza kuti akufa anali akusamalidwa bwino ndipo mbaliyo inali yokonzeka kuyambiranso nkhondoyo.
Tsatanetsatane wa mbendera nthawi zambiri imatulutsa zipolopolo zitatu mu mbendera yopindika asanabwere mbendera ku banja. Kafukufuku aliyense amaimira volley imodzi.
Zambiri Zokhudzana ndi Miyambo ndi Mbiri Yakale
- Marine Corps Customs ndi Miyambo
- Kodi Ndi Ndalama Zotani Zakachisi?
- Mbiri Yopopera Msilikali
- Mbiri Yakale ya US Military
- Chiwerengero cha asilikali ndi Chithunzi cha Insignia
- Chiyambi cha "Hoo"
Zambiri mwazimenezi zalembedwa kuchokera ku Naval Historical Society ndi Army Center ya History Military.