Chifukwa Chake Utumiki Wachijeremusi Sichikufunidwa Koma Ungathandize
Malinga ndi NASA ya 2009 ya Astronaut Fact Book (NP-2013-04-003-JSC), pakhala pali anthu 44,658 omwe asankha kuti akhale astronaut. Pachilumbachi, anthu 330 okha amavomerezedwa mu ndondomeko yovomerezeka ya astronaut (amuna 48 ndi amuna 282), ndipo oposa 200 anatumikira ku nkhondo ya United States.
Bukhu la Astronaut Fact last linasinthidwa mu 2013.
Nthambi za Boma zimayimilira ku NASA
Nthambi iliyonse ya utumiki-kuphatikizapo US Coast Guard-yakhala ikuimira bungwe la astronaut. NASA ili ndi mndandanda wa anthu omwe kale anali akatswiri a sayansi ndi azinthu omwe ali ndi zamoyo zawo.
Buku la Astronaut Factory liri ndi mndandanda wa magulu a asilikali (ndi mabadwidwe, omwe anali a Scouts, ndi mawerengero a EVA kwa akatswiri a sayansi ya US, pakati pa mitundu ina). Ndinasewera kusewera ndi nambala. Malinga ndi bukhu la 2009, nthambi za zida zakhala zikuyimira motere:
- United States Air Force - 81
- Ankhondo a United States - 15
- United States Coast Guard - 2
- Mtsinje wa United States - 84
- United States Marine Corps - 23
Ena mwa akatswiri a zasayansi akhala, kapena akadali, mayina apakhomo, monga Neil Armstrong (munthu woyambirira kuyenda pamwezi), Buzz Aldrin (anayesa Apollo 11 ndipo anapulumutsa Armstrong ku mwezi) ndi John Glenn (woyamba wa America ku kuzungulira Pansi), mwachitsanzo.
Mbiri ya Aviation Astronauts ndi NASA
Poyambirira, akatswiri oyambirira anabwera kuchokera ku gulu la asilikali chifukwa NASA inkafuna anthu omwe anali ndi mayesero oyendetsa mayesero ndipo anali ndi chidwi chokumana ndi zoopsa. Kwa ndege yoyamba ya NASA, nthambi za usilikali zinapemphedwa kupereka mndandanda wa oyendetsa ndege oyendetsa usilikali omwe angakwaniritse Project Mercury.
Pambuyo pofufuza, NASA adalengeza kuti "Mercury Seven" ndi akatswiri ake oyambirira. Mamembala a Mercury Seven Astronauts anali:
- Scott Carpenter - US Navy
- Leroy Gordon Cooper, Jr. - US Air Force
- John Herschel Glenn, Jr. - US Marine Corps
- Virgil I. Grissom - US Air Force
- Walter M. Schirra - US Navy
- Alan B. Shepard, Jr. - US Navy
- Deke Slayton - US Air Force
Pulogalamu Yopempha Astronaut
Ngati akufuna kukhala astronaut, ogwira ntchito yomangamanga ayenera kuitanitsa mapulogalamu a Astronaut Candidate Program kupyolera mu utumiki wawo.
Pambuyo poyang'aniridwa ndi asilikali, chiwerengero chochepa cha mapulogalamuwa amaperekedwa ku NASA kuti apitirize kulingalira. Ngati anasankhidwa, asilikali amatha kudziwa zambiri za NASA pa nthawi yodalirika ndikukhalabe ogwira ntchito yogula malipiro, mapindu, maulendo ndi zida zina zankhondo.
NASA ikuyang'ana Otsatila
Ngakhale kuti masewera a post-baccalaureate ndi okondedwa, NASA imafuna akatswiri a zakuthambo kukhala ndi digiri ya bachelor-makamaka imodzi yokhudza umisiri, sayansi yamoyo, sayansi kapena masamu.
NASA sichiyang'ana omaliza maphunziro. Akatswiri ofufuza sayansi ayenera kukhala "osachepera zaka zitatu zokhudzana ndi ntchito," (Astronaut Selection and Training, PDF).
Dipatimenti ya master ingathe kusinthitsa chaka chimodzi cha lamuloli, ndipo dokotala akhoza kutenga m'malo atatu a zofunikirazo. Oyendetsa ndege ndi akuluakulu amafunikanso maola 1,000 monga woyendetsa ndege.
NASA imasankha opezeka pazidole zosiyana siyana za anthu olembapo ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kuchokera pa zikwi za mapulogalamu omwe adalandira, ndi owerengeka okha omwe amasankhidwa pa pulogalamu yayikulu yophunzitsira Astronaut.