Mu mautumiki apamtunda ku US, udindo umadziwitsa yemwe angamuuze yemwe ayenera kuchita. Udindo wapamwamba, udindo waukulu (ndi udindo) womwe ali nawo. Amishonale a US amalowa m'gulu limodzi mwa magawo atatu: (1) mamembala omwe amaloledwa, (2) akuluakulu a boma, ndi (3) akuluakulu apadera . Akuluakulu oyang'anira zidazo adatumiza mamembala, ndipo adalamula akuluakulu apolisi onse kuti atumize mamembala awo.
"Chiwerengero" ndi "kulipira kalasi" ndi mawu ogwirizana, koma osati chimodzimodzi. "Perekani kalasi" ndiyomwe mukuyendetsa, yomwe ikugwirizana ndi malipiro a membala. "Mndandanda" ndi udindo ndipo umatanthauzanso udindo wa membala wa udindo ndi udindo. E-1 ndi kalasi yochepa kwambiri yolembera. "Munthuyo" ndi "Wachinsinsi" mu Army and Marine Corps, "Airman Basic" mu Air Force, ndi "Seaman Recruit" ku Navy ndi Coast Guard . Ndiyeneranso kuzindikira kuti mu Navy ndi Coast Guard, mawu akuti "udindo" sagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa oyendetsa sitima. Nthawi yoyenera ndi "mlingo."
Kwa zaka zambiri, beji yazitsulo yaphatikizapo zizindikiro monga nthenga, masamba, mikwingwirima ndi yunifomu. Ngakhale kunyamula zida zosiyana kunasonyeza udindo. Zijiji zapamwamba zakhala zikuvala pa zipewa, mapewa, ndi kuzungulira m'chiuno ndi chifuwa.
Nkhondo Yosinthika
Asilikali a ku America adasintha kwambiri malingaliro ake a British.
Asanayambe Nkhondo Yachivumbulutso, Amwenye a ku America adalumikizana ndi zovala zogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe a British. Oyendetsa sitimayo adatsata chitsanzo cha asilikali apamwamba pa nthawiyi - Royal Navy.
Choncho, asilikali a Continental anali ndi maboma, sergeants, mabodza, atsogoleri, colonels, akuluakulu, ndi angapo tsopano omwe ali osakhalitsa monga coronet, subaltern, ndi chizindikiro.
Chinthu chimodzi chimene asilikali analibe chinali ndalama zokwanira kuti agule maunifomu.
Pofuna kuthetsa izi, Gen. George Washington analemba,
"Monga momwe nkhondo ya Continental ilili, mwatsoka, palibe yunifolomu, ndipo chifukwa chake mavuto ambiri amayamba chifukwa cholephera kusiyanitsa akuluakulu apadera ochokera kumbali, akufunikanso kuti beji ya kusiyana ikhale yoperekedwa nthawi yomweyo, akhale ndi cockades zofiira kapena zobiriwira mu zipewa zawo, akalonga achikasu kapena aphungu, ndi magulu obiriwira. "
Ngakhale pa nthawi ya nkhondo, zizindikiro zapamwamba zinasintha. Mu 1780, malamulo amapereka nyenyezi ziwiri kwa akuluakulu akuluakulu ndi nyenyezi imodzi kwa brigadiers ovala mapepala a mapewa, kapena epaulets.
Kugwiritsa ntchito magulu ambiri a Chingerezi kunapitiriza ngakhale ngakhale United States itapambana nkhondo. Ankhondo ndi Marine Corps anagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana, makamaka pambuyo pa 1840. Nkhondoyi inatenga njira yosiyana.
Kusintha Chigawo cha Mndandanda
Makhalidwe ndi zilembo zinapitirizabe kusintha. Atsogoleri achilendo aŵiri adalowetsa zida za asilikali, zizindikiro, ndi zida zazing'ono, koma analibe zizindikiro zosiyana mpaka Congress inkawapatsa "batala" mu 1917. Makoloni analandira mphungu mu 1832. Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1836, akuluakulu a maulendo ndi a lieutenant ankatchedwa oak kuchoka; akazembe ndi mipiringidzo iwiri ya siliva, kapena "njira za njanji"; ndi mabodza oyambirira, mipiringidzo imodzi yasiliva.
Msilikali wa asilikali, Captain anali wapamwamba kwambiri mpaka Congress inapanga maofesi a mbendera mu 1857 - isanayambe, kulemba munthu wina woimira boma ku dzikoli kunkaonedwa ngati wachifumu ku United States. Mpaka chaka cha 1857, Navy inali ndi katatu wamkulu woyang'anira ndendende mofanana ndi a Brigadier General, mkulu wa asilikali ndi lieutenant colonel. Kuwonjezera pa chisokonezo, oyang'anira onse oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi amatchedwa "captain," mosasamala kanthu za udindo.
Nkhondo Yachiweniweni
Poyamba nkhondo ya Civil Civil, akuluakulu apamwamba adakhala oyang'anira ndi kumbuyo komanso ankavala nyenyezi limodzi ndi nyenyezi ziwiri, motero. Otsitsa kwambiri anakhala olamulira ndi masamba a thundu, pamene oyang'anira pakati analibe ofanana ndi magulu a asilikali ndi kuvala ziwombankhanga.
Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Navy ananyamula njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe Davide Glasgow Farragut adakhala woyang'anira utumiki woyamba m'chaka cha 1866, mikwingwirima pamanja yake inachokera ku chingwe mpaka kumutu.
Mipikisano yaing'ono yamanja yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano inayamba mu 1869.
Achinyamata
Mikondo ndi mikwingwirima yofanana ndi V imene amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu usilikali kubwerera ku zaka za m'ma 1200. Iyo inali beji ya ulemu ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu heraldry. A British ndi a French amagwiritsa ntchito chevrons - kuchokera ku mawu achifaransa akuti "denga" - kutanthauza kutalika kwa utumiki.
Akuluakulu a boma ankatchulidwa mwachindunji m'gulu la asilikali a ku United States kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 1817, pamene ma cadet ku US Military Academy ku West Point, NY, amavala zovala zawo. Kuchokera ku West Point, chevrons imafalikira ku Army and Marine Corps. Kusiyana kumeneku kunali ma chevrons omwe anali ovala mpaka 1902 pamene ankhondo ndi a Marine Corps analembetsa antchito kuti asinthidwe mpaka pano.
Akuluakulu a asilikali a Navy ndi Coast Guard amatsata cholowa chawo ku British. Akuluakulu apolisi anali othandizira apolisi oyendetsa sitima. Mutuwo sunali udindo wamuyaya ndipo amuna omwe amatumikiridwa pa kapitala wa chisangalalo. Maofesi aang'ono adasowa udindo wawo pamene ogwira ntchitoyo adalipira pamapeto pa ulendo.
Zina Zatsopano, New Insignias
Mu 1841, akuluakulu apamadzi a Navy adalandira maonekedwe awo oyambirira - chiwombankhanga chinamezedwa pa nangula. Ziwerengero - luso la ntchito - zidaphatikizidwa muzochitika mu 1866. Mu 1885, asilikaliwa anakhazikitsa magulu atatu a akuluakulu oyang'anira - woyamba, wachiwiri ndi wachitatu. Anaphatikizapo ma chevron kuti apange zigawo zatsopano. Udindo wa apolisi wamkulu wamangidwa mu 1894.
Panthaŵi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, asilikali ankhondo anapeza maphunzilo ophunzitsa. Ophunzira a kalasi yapadera amapindula chimodzimodzi ndipo ankavala zofanana zomwezo monga oyang'anira osagwira ntchito omwe sali ovomerezeka kupatula pang'ono "T" yomwe ili pansi pa chevrons. Akatswiri, ngakhale mikwingwirima, analibe ulamuliro wotsogolera asilikali. Izi zinasintha kupita kwa akatswiri, kulipira sukulu E-4 mpaka E-7. Chovala chotsiriza lero chimapulumuka momveka ngati "katswiri," akulipiritsa E-4. Pomwe panali anthu ngati akatswiri 7, iwo ankavala chizindikiro cha mphungu chomwe chilipo pafupi ndi mipiringidzo itatu ya golide yomwe imakhala yotchedwa "maambulera."
Pamene Air Force inakhala ntchito yapadera mu 1947, inachititsa kuti apolisi azidziwika ndi mayina komanso mayina koma adalandira mndandanda wa zolemba zosiyanasiyana.
Maofesi ovomerezeka adayendayenda maulendo angapo misonkhano isanafike pakusintha kwa lero. Navy anali ndi maofesi oyang'anira kuyambira pachiyambi - iwo anali akatswiri amene ankaonetsetsa kuti akusamalidwa. Ankhondo ndi Marines analibe ufulu mpaka zaka za m'ma 1900. Mndandanda wa zolembera zolembedweratu zinasinthidwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa mkulu wothandizira akuluakulu 5. A Air Force anasiya kuika akuluakulu oyang'anira maofesi m'ma 1950 ndipo alibe ntchito lero.
Malo Ena Tidbits
- Zolemba zinayamba ndi ankhondo koma zinatha ndi Navy. Udindo wa Army ensign unali utapita kale pamene nthawi ya navy yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 1862. Maina adalandira mipiringidzo ya golide mu 1922, patapita zaka zisanu pambuyo pofanana ndi ankhondo achiwiri omwe analandira awo.
- "Lieutenant" amachokera ku "malo" achiFrance omwe amatanthauza "malo" komanso "malo ogona " omwe amatanthauza "kugwira." Zoonadi, azinyenga ndi malo ogwira ntchito. Oyamba a British adasokoneza kutchulidwa kwa Chifalansa, kutanthauza kuti mawu akuti " maloftenant ," pamene Amereka (mwina chifukwa cha chiwonongeko cha French) adasunga matchulidwe oyambirira.
- Ngakhale kuti akuluakulu akuluakulu a boma, akuluakulu aboma amatulutsa akuluakulu a boma . Izi zimachokera ku mwambo wa ku Britain: Otsogolera adasankhidwa kuti azithamangidwe ndipo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "akuluakulu oyang'anira asilikali." Othandizira awo anali, mwachibadwa, "akuluakulu a lieutenant". Pa nthawi yomweyi, mkulu woyang'anira ntchitoyo anali "mkulu wa apolisi wamkulu." Pakati penipeni panjira, "sergeant" inachotsedwa.
- Golide ndi wofunika kuposa siliva, koma siliva amachokera ku golidi. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti ankhondo adalengeza mu 1832 kuti ma coloniel okhala ndi ana aamuna amatha kuvala ziwombankhanga za golide pa epaulet ya siliva ndipo zina zonse zikhoza kuvala ziwombankhanga zagolide pa golidi. Pamene majors ndi ma colonel a lieutenant analandira masamba, mwambo umenewu sungapitirize. Choncho masamba a siliva ankaimira ma colonels a lieutenant ndi golidi. Nkhani ya abodza ndi yosiyana: Otsutsa oyamba anali atavala zitsulo zasiliva zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri asanakhalepo abodza achiwiri anali ndi mipiringidzo konse.
- Cololoni imatchedwa " kernal " chifukwa a British adalandira kalembedwe ka Chifalansa "kolonel" koma kutchulidwa kwa Chisipanishi " koronel " ndiyeno kunayipitsa katchulidwe kake.
- Ngakhale kuti kudziwika ndi kofunika, nthawi zina sizingakhale bwino kuti uzivale. Pamene mfutiyi inkawonekera mu Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe, a sharpshooters ankayang'ana akazembe. Posakhalitsa akuluakulu adaphunzira kuchotsa zizindikiro zawo poyandikira nkhondo.
- A Air Force anavota voti pamzere wawo. Mu 1948, mkulu wa asilikali a Air Force, Gen. Hoyt Vandenberg, adafufuzira bungwe la NCO ku Bolling Air Force Base ku Washington, ndipo 55 peresenti ya iwo adasankha njira zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano.
Pamene Air Force inakhala ntchito yapadera mu 1947, inachititsa kuti apolisi azidziwika ndi mayina komanso mayina koma adalandira mndandanda wa zolemba zosiyanasiyana.