Magulu ankhondo apanga zinthu zosiyana siyana kwa zaka mazana ambiri kuti apindule ndi maganizo awo ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu zawo za thupi, koma kugwiritsa ntchito usilikali kwa berets ndi chochitika chaposachedwapa.
M'zaka za m'ma 1700 ndi 1700, Blue Bonnet inakhala chizindikiro cha mphamvu za Scottish Jacobite. Mapiri a French Chasseurs, omwe adalengedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1880, amadziwika kuti ndiwo oyamba kugwiritsira ntchito beret monga asilikali awo.
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe beret akukongoletsa kwa asilikali monga chinthu chofanana ndi chakuti ndi zotchipa, zosavuta kupanga zambiri ndipo zingapangidwe mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuchokera kwa msilikaliyo, beret akhoza kupindikizidwa ndi kukalowa m'thumba (kapena pansi pa malaya a malaya) popanda kuwonongeka, ndipo ikhoza kuvekedwa podzivala makutu.
Bete la asilikali nthawi zambiri limakankhidwira kumanja kuti likhale ndi mfuti ya asilikali ambiri (ngakhale asilikali ena a dziko - makamaka Europe, South America ndi Iran asokoneza mbali ya kumanzere.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa beret pakati pa magulu a azungu sikunayambe mpaka m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, pamene asilikali a ku France a nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse ankavala zochepa za Basque ndi mitundu yayikulu, floppier.
Beret mbiri
M'zaka za m'ma 1920, magulu a tankki a ku Britain anali ndi vuto ndi kapu yawo yolimba ya malaki. Chipewacho chinkayenera kubwereranso kumbuyo kuti agwiritse ntchito zojambula za msilikali, ndi chibwanocho kuti chichiike pamutu wa sitima.
Ndipo chifukwa chakuti anali nsalu yotchinga ya ubweya waubweya, posakhalitsa anakhala maginito a madontho a mafuta monga momwe ankasinthira ndi kusinthidwa ndi zala zowola. Ndipo kotero, iwo anayamba kufunafuna njira ina.
Munali mu 1924 pamene sitima zinadza ndi beret wofiira, za kukula pakati pa ma French awiri.
The beret anali atamangidwa ndi chikopa chakuda chokhala ndi kaboni yosinthika yomwe imayendayenda kuti imangirire kumbuyo. Ndipo madontho onse a mafuta sanawonekere pa ubweya wakuda.
Pamene mabanki a ku Britain anawonjezera chizindikiro chawo cha "Fear Naught" pamwamba pa diso lakumanzere, iwo anali ndi mutu wautali womwe unatchuka mwamsanga chifukwa cha kusiyana kwake ndipo kenako unakula kukhala chizindikiro cha zida zankhondo padziko lonse lapansi.
Kutchuka kwa mabomba a berets kunakula panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse pamene magulu osiyanasiyana a ku Britain amapanga mitu yambiri yosiyanasiyana - kuphatikizapo khaki brown mtundu wovomerezedwa ndi asilikali a Air Air Services ndi maroon zosiyanasiyana zovala ndi ndege yoyamba ya Britain, Parachute Regiment, kuti anadziwika bwino monga "mabulosi a chitumbuwa."
Nthano imanena kuti mtunduwo unasankhidwa ndi Daphne du Maurier, mkazi wa Maj. Gen. Frederick Browning, yemwe ndi wolemekezeka kwambiri wa Britain Wachiwiri Wadziko Lonse.
Mphepo Poyambira ku US Military
Ntchito yoyamba ya bwanamasiku wamakono mu nkhondo ya US inali mu 1943, pamene gulu lankhondo la nkhondo la 509th Parachute Infantry linapatsidwa maroon berets ndi anzawo a ku Britain pokonzekera nkhondo.
Mu 1951, Marine Corps ankayesa miyala yambiri yobiriwira ndi ya buluu, koma anawachotsa chifukwa ankawoneka "achilendo" ndi "achikazi."
Ntchito yoyamba yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida za nkhondo za United States inabwera posakhalitsa, pamene bungwe latsopano la nkhondo lomwe linaphunzitsidwa bwino kuti likhale msilikali ndi nkhondo zowonongeka zinayamba (mopanda chilungamo) kuvala zobiriwira mu 1953. Zinatenga zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kuti zikhale ndi asilikali apadera a Army - "Green Berets" - kuti adzalandire chisankho cha pulezidenti kuchokera kwa John F. Kennedy kuti apange udindo wawo wautumiki, ndipo mu 1961 bwalo lobiriwira la asilikali a US Army Specialty analandiridwa.
M'zaka za m'ma 1970, lamulo la asilikali linalola akuluakulu aderali kulimbikitsa kusamvana kwapadera, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa berets. Antchito a zida ku Fort Knox, Ky., Ankavala mtundu wa Britain wakuda wakuda, pamene asilikali a nkhondo okwera pamahatchi a US ku Germany ankavala black beret ndi ofiira ndi oyera.
Mapu a 82th Airborne Division ku Fort Bragg, NC, adayamba kuvala maroon beret mu 1973, ndipo ku Fort Campbell, KY, chiwerengerochi chinafufutika - ndi antchito ovala nsalu zofiira, apolisi apolisi akuwunikira, komanso 101th Airway Division buluu ngati mtundu wawo.
Ku Ft. Richardson, AK, mwana wa 172 Infantry Brigade anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa azitona wobiriwira.
Mu 1975, Airborne Rangers inalandira chilolezo kwa Chief Army Chief of Staff kuti agwiritse ntchito black beret ngati mutu wawo.
Kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira, chinthu chonsecho chinachoka, choncho mu 1979 akuluakulu a asilikali "anavala mabaki". Utsogoleri wa ankhondo analola kuti Rangers asunge ma berets awo. Mu 1980, asilikali ogwidwa ndi ndege adaloledwa kuti apitirize kuvala maroon. Koma mitundu yonse ya beret inanenedwa kuti ilibe malire.
Zina mwa Zapamwamba Zowonetsera Zokhudza Pacific Stars & Stripes. Tikuthokoza kwambiri kwa MSgt Charlie Heidal wa www.romad.com ndi Lt Col Christopher Campbell kuti mudziwe zambiri za Air Force Black Beret.
Mphepete mwa Magulu a Air
Kuvala za berets mu Air Force kunayamba m'ma 1970. Mu 1979, analembetsa antchito ogwira ntchito ku AFAC (ntchito) ya Tactical Air Control Party (TACP). Mu 1984, ndege ziwiri kuchokera ku Pope Air Force Base, North Carolina zinapanga mapangidwe a chiwombankhanga ndi kukongola kwake, zomwe zinavomerezedwa kwa ndege yonse ya TACP mu 1985. Air Liaison Officers (ALOs) anavomerezedwanso kuvala black beret atamaliza maphunziro awo kuchokera ku Joint Firepower Control Course, yomwe inachitikira ku Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada.
M'malo mwa chiwombankhanga, iwo amavala maonekedwe awo pa beret. Akuluakulu Othandizira Azimayi (AMLOs) adaloledwa kuvala black beret ku Air Force.
Beret ya Masiku Ano
Masiku ano, United States ili kumapeto kwenikweni kwa magulu a alangizi a NATO ponena za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya berets yodzala ndi asilikali awo.
Ngakhale kuti asilikali ambiri a dzikoli ali ndi mitundu inayi kapena isanu yokhala ndi magulu osiyanasiyana, Turkey, Greece ndi Luxembourg agwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu yokha ya magulu osiyanasiyana a magulu awo. Belgium ili ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri ndipo United Kingdom imasiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi zisanu ndi zinayi.
Pa October 17, 2001, Mtsogoleri wa asilikali a Gen. Eric Shinseki adalengeza kuti beret wakuda adzakhala mtsogoleri wa asilikali mu chaka chotsatira. Cholingalira chinali kugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la kunyada kuti beret anali atakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali akuyimira a Rangers kuti azilimbikitsa kukhala ndi maganizo abwino kwambiri pakati pa Nkhondo yonse pamene ikupita patsogolo ndi kusintha kwake kwakukulu kuti zikhale zophweka, zowonjezereka, zowonjezera mphamvu.
Komabe, chisankhochi chinapangitsa kuti anthu azigwira ntchito yomangamanga komanso azimayi omwe amachitira zida zankhanza komanso magulu ena apadera a asilikali a Special Army, Special Forces ndi ndege.
Mu 2002, ankhondo anapanga tate mtundu wa boma la US Army Rangers, ndipo asilikali onse ankhondo anayamba kuvala black beret.
Mu June 2011, mlembi wa asilikali John McHugh adalengeza kuti chikwama cha asilikali chiyenera kuvala ndi yunifolomu yothandiza. Komabe, black beret ikhoza kulamulidwa ndi yunifolomu yowonjezera pa chisankho cha mtsogoleri pa miyambo yapadera, ndipo beret amakhalabe gawo la yunifolomu ya Army yunifolomu kwa magulu onse.
Nkhondo Yamakono Yamakono
- Mdima - Wosakanizidwa ndi magulu ena onse ankhondo omwe ali ndi yunifolomu ya A Class ndi Army Service Uniform monga mutu wamba.
- Maroon - Magulu oyendetsa ndege ( maroon beret ndi chinthu cha bungwe, kotero icho chimavala ndi asilikali onse omwe apatsidwa - odziwa bwino ndege kapena ayi )
- Tan "Chikwama" - 75th Ranger Regiment, Brigade Training Brigade
- Magulu - Magulu Apamtima Apadera, John F. Kennedy Nkhondo Yapadera Yopambana ndi Sukulu (Kulamulira, Ofisala)
Nkhondo Yamakono Yamakono
- Black - Party Yoyang'anira Dongosolo la Air (TACP), Akuluakulu Othandizira Air (ALO), ndi Akuluakulu Othandizira Ogwira Airt
- Maroon - Akuluakulu Othandiza Otsutsana ndi Pararescuemen (PJs)
- Ofiira (ofiira) - Otsutsana ndi Otsutsana ndi Maofesi Odziwika
- Royal Blue - Maofesi a Chitetezo ndi Cadets ya Mkalasi Yoyamba ya United States ndi Basic Cadet Training framework
- Gray - Wopanga Maopaleshoni Otchuka a Zam'madzi
- Green - Kupulumuka, Kuthamangitsidwa, Kutsutsana ndi Kuthawa (SERE) Odziwa
Zina mwa Zapamwamba Zowonetsera Zokhudza Pacific Stars & Stripes. Tikuthokoza kwambiri kwa MSgt Charlie Heidal wa www.romad.com ndi Lt Col Christopher Campbell kuti mudziwe zambiri za Air Force Black Beret.