Zakale Zakale
M'madera akale, panalibe lamulo loyendetsa lamulo la malamulo komanso zochepa kwambiri, ngati zilipo, kuyesa bungwe. M'malo mwake, anthu, mabanja, ndi mabanja adzibwezera iwo omwe adavulazidwa kapena kuwakhumudwitsa. Lingaliro la kupezetsa umbanda silinali lopezeka m'mbiri yakale ya malamulo ndi chigawenga .
Msilikali Angakhale ndi Utumiki Wachikhalidwe
Pamene chikhalidwe ndi mabungwe anayamba, ntchito yomanga malamulo inakhala gawo la asilikali. Mu ufumu wa Roma, makamaka, ankhondo adagwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri kuti akhalebe ndi boma. Kunena zoona, m'mbiri yonse ya ufumu wa Roma panali chisokonezo ndi chiwawa, koma iwo anagonjetsedwa mwamsanga.
Kuwona kwa akuluakulu a ku Roma akuyenda pamisika ndi midzi yowonongeka inali yachilendo. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwawo, asilikali achiroma ankapita patsogolo kuti atsimikizire kuti malamulo amamvera.
Lingaliro limeneli la kupezetsa umbanda lingayambitse malingaliro amasiku ano a zigawenga pambuyo pake m'mbiri ya anthu.
Wosunga Bother wanga: Clan Control ndi Blood Feuds
Pambuyo pa kutha kwa Ufumu wa Roma, udindo wa kusunga dongosolo unagwa kachiwiri kwa akuluakulu a boma. Ku England, anthu adakumbukira kale kuti anthu adziyesa okha ndi chitetezo chawo.
Lamulo la Chingerezi linapatsa anthu omwe ali ndi udindo ndi udindo wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti athetse mphamvu. Oyandikana nawo amayenera kuthandizana. Mtundu uwu wa chikhalidwe cha anthu unkatchedwa "Kin Policing " ndi wolemba mbiri wa Chingerezi Charles Reith chifukwa kudalira lingaliro lakuti mabanja ndi mabanja ali ndi udindo wa zochita za mamembala awo. Monga momwe anthu akale amachitira, mabanja amatha kubwezera chifukwa cha zolakwa ndi kupha magazi, nthawi zina amawononga mabanja onse.
Policing Community ndi Frankpledge
Pofuna kukhazikitsa miyeso yowonjezera yowonongeka, njira yatsopano idayenera kuti ikhale yoyendetsa. Chotsatira chake, mfundo yatsopano ya apolisi inakhazikitsidwa kumene nzika zapanyumbazo zinkapatsidwa ntchito yoteteza anthu ammudzi.
Mchitidwe wa apolisi umenewu umatchedwa "frankpledge," ndipo amafuna amuna onse a zaka zoposa 12 kuti agwirizane ndi gulu la anthu oyandikana nawo 9. Gulu ili la khumi linatchedwa "tything," ndipo mamembala ake analumbirira kuti alandire ndi kusunga munthu aliyense wa gulu lawo kapena achibale awo amene anachita chigawenga. Aliyense "tythingman" analumbirira kuteteza maphunziro anzake, ndipo ntchito inali yodalirika komanso yopanda malipiro.
Zikwi khumi zinasonkhanitsidwa palimodzi kuti zikhale "zana," ndipo zinayikidwa pansi pa oyang'aniridwa ndi oyendetsa.
Ndi wogonjetsa adabwera maganizo oyamba a apolisi wamakono, monga adawonetsa nthawi yoyamba kuti munthu apatsidwa ntchito yeniyeni, yosunga dongosolo.
Olamulira onse a dera kapena shire adayikidwa pansi pa ulamuliro wa Shire Reeve (sheriff), amene adasankhidwa ndi mfumu, ndikuwonetsa kuyambika kwa kayendetsedwe ka malamulo komwe timawadziwa lero.
Constable System System
Kupanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi korona kumatsogolera kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo la frankpledge, ndipo potsirizira pake linalowetsedwa ndi dongosolo lokhazikika la parishi. Mosiyana ndi frankpledge, amuna ku parishi, kapena tawuni, anatumikira mawu a zaka 1 ngati osungunuka. Atsogoleriwa anali ndi udindo woyang'anira alonda usiku kuti azitumikira monga alonda pazipata za tauni usiku.
Oyang'anila anapatsidwa ulamuliro wodzutsa "hue ndi kulira," chomwe chinali chiyitanidwe chochitapo kanthu pakakhala zolakwa kapena zoopsa.
Phokoso la misozi ndikulira, amuna onse ku parishi ankafunika kusiya zomwe akuchita ndikubwera kudzathandizira ogonjetsa. Misozi ndi kulira zikanatha kuchoka ku parishi kupita ku parish mkati mwa shire mpaka wachifwamba atalandidwa kapena thandizo silinali lofunikanso.
Zokwanira za Mtendere ndi Zoyamba za Policing Zamakono
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 14, amtendere adasankhidwa ndi mfumu kuti athandizidwe ndi maboma ndi asilikali. Oweruza a mtendere anali ndi mphamvu zotumizira zifukwa zomveka ndipo amatsutsa milandu ya anthu okayikira kuti ndi olakwa. Anayesanso milandu yokhudza zolakwika ndi zolakwa zapachiweniweni.
Ndondomekoyi inakhazikika pang'onopang'ono pamene mabungwe a shire ankagwira ntchito monga othandizira kwa oweruza a mtendere ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito makasitomala am'deralo kuti aziyang'anira alonda, kutenga zifukwa zoti apolisi azikhala m'ndende ndikutumizira zilolezo.
Ndondomekoyi ya malamulo oyendetsera dziko lapansi inagwirizanitsa anthu ammudzi omwe adakhalapo nthawi imeneyo mpaka zaka za m'ma 1900 ndipo adabweretsedwanso kumayiko a ku America. Sizinapitirire mpaka chiwerengero cha anthu aphulika chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ku United Sates ndi Britain kuti pamakhala chofunikira chodziwitsa apolisi.
Mukufuna kuphunzira zambiri? Werengani za mbiri yamakono ya apolisi .