Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, miyambo imeneyi inakhudza kwambiri mbiri ya apolisi padziko lonse lapansi.
Mchitidwe wogonjera wogwirizana ndi anthu adagwira ntchito bwino kwa zaka zambiri, makamaka m'madera ambiri okhala kumidzi ndi kumidzi. Komabe, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1700 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, anthu ambiri anayamba kuphulika m'midzi yayikuru ku United States ndi England. Ziphuphu ndi mliri waumphawi zinali wamba, ndipo zinawonekeratu kuti kunali kofunikira kuti pakhale njira yowonjezereka komanso yodziwika bwino ya malamulo omwe angakhale ndi ulamuliro wa boma.
Chiyambi cha Mapolisi Amakono
Afilosofi, akatswiri a zachikhalidwe cha anthu ndi omwe ali m'munda watsopano wa zigawenga , kuphatikizapo katswiri wa zamalamulo Jeremy Bentham ndi acolytes, adayamba kupempha apolisi akuluakulu kuti ateteze nzika zawo ndi kusunga dongosolo. Mtsogoleri wamphamvu kwambiri wa apolisi anali Sir Robert Peel, Pulezidenti wa Pulezidenti yemwe anali mlembi wa kunyumba wa United Kingdom m'ma 1820.
Mu 1829, Peel anakhazikitsa Metropolitan Police Services ku London. Pachiyambi cha apolisi a ku London, Peel anayamba kuonedwa ndi akatswiri ofufuza milandu komanso akatswiri a mbiri yakale monga atate wa apolisi amakono. Apolisi a ku Britain adadziwikabe kuti "Bobbies" pofuna kulemekeza dzina lake, Robert.
Poyang'aniridwa ndi Apolisi Poyambirira
Lingaliro la apolisi akuluakulu, apolisi anali wovuta kugulitsa poyamba ndipo anakumana ndi kuchuluka kwamatsutso. Anthu ambiri ankaopa kuti apolisi angakhale ngati mbali ina ya asilikali. Chotsatira chake, chinali chosamveka kuganiza kuti avomereze kuti azilamuliridwa ndi zomwe ambiri amaganiza kuti ndizogwira ntchito.
Pofuna kuthana ndi chitsutso chimenechi, Peel amadziwika poika maziko omwe apolisi ayenera kukhala nawo ndi momwe apolisi ayenera kudziyendera. Ngakhale kuti pali kutsutsanako kuti ngati adalembapo malingaliro ake mndandanda wa mndandanda wamtundu uliwonse, kaŵirikaŵiri amavomerezana kuti adalenga zomwe lero zikuwoneka kuti ndizo zoyambirira za polisi .
Mfundo za Policing: The Why and How of Policing
"Mfundo za Peelian," monga momwe zimatchulidwira nthawi zambiri, kunena kuti:
- Cholinga cha apolisi ndikuteteza chiwawa ndi kusunga dongosolo.
- Apolisi amadalira kuvomereza ndi kudalira anthu kuti athe kugwira bwino ntchito zawo.
- Cholinga chachikulu cha apolisi ndicho kupindula mwadzidzidzi ndi lamulo m'deralo.
- Apolisi ayenera kukhala osasunthika mu ntchito zawo ndikutsatira malamulo, kusasamala ndikupewa chiyeso chotsutsana ndi maganizo a anthu.
- Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mphamvu ndi mphamvu zakuthupi kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yomaliza, pokhapokha ngati njira zina zowonetsera zalephera.
- Apolisi ayenera kukumbukira kuti iwonso ali anthu komanso kuti cholinga chawo ndikuteteza ndi kuteteza anthu.
- Chowonadi chokha cha kupambana kwa apolisi aliyense si chiwerengero cha kumangidwa kapena kupolisi zomwe zimatengedwa, koma kusakhala kolakwa ndi kuphwanya malamulo.
Kupeza Thandizo Lothandiza kwa Apolisi
Khama la Peel linali lothandiza kwambiri kuthetsa mantha ndi mantha. Kuphatikiza pa malamulo apolisi, Peel ndi othandizira ake adatenga njira zina kuti athetse kusiyana pakati pa apolisi ndi apolisi. Apolisi ankavala yunifolomu ya buluu mosiyana ndi yofiira kwambiri ya asilikali a Royal. Iwo anali oletsedwa kunyamula mfuti, ndipo nthawi zonse kufunika kokhala ndi chidaliro cha boma kunakhudzidwa ndi anthu a mphamvu.
Mapulogalamu apolisi ku United States
Lingaliro ili la apolisi amakono posachedwa linayamba ulendo wopita ku United States, ngakhale kuti silinayambe kukhazikitsidwa chimodzimodzi momwe zinaliri ku London. Kwa zaka zoposa makumi atatu ndi kupitirira, lingaliro la apolisi linasintha ku US Mfundo ndi malingaliro a Sir. Robert Peel ndi omutsatira ake adafotokozedwa ndi akatswiri a malamulo padziko lonse lapansi, mothandizidwa ndi apolisi ndi a criminologists chimodzimodzi.
Ntchito Zogwira Ntchito M'mapolisi Amakono
Chifukwa chake makamaka chifukwa cha ntchito za amuna monga Sir Robert Peel, ntchito yowononga milandu yakula kwambiri, ikuwongolera njira zatsopano zatsopano ndi kukhazikitsa mwayi watsopano wopereka ntchito zothandizira malamulo komanso chilungamo .