Mayankho a Mafunso Anu Okhudza Chilungamo Chachilamulo, Criminology ndi Forensics
Kaya mudakali kusukulu ndikungoyang'ana zomwe mungasankhe kapena mukugunda malo ovuta pa ntchito yofuna, ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi ntchito za chilungamo ndi chigawenga, mwina muli ndi mafunso ambiri. Tikudziwa chifukwa mumawafunsa. Poti mudziwe zambiri za ntchito zomwe zilipo ndi madigiri a mtundu wanji, tili ndi chidziwitso chomwe mukufuna kuti mupeze ndi kupeza ntchito yabwino.
Pofuna kukudziwirani mofulumira komanso momveka bwino, apa pali mayankho a mafunso ena omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri ponena za ogwirira ntchito zauchigawenga.
Kodi ndi ntchito zotani zomwe zilipo m'ndondomeko ya malamulo ndi zigawenga?
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zabwino kwambiri zokhudza malo ochita zachiwawa ndi zigawenga ndizosiyana siyana za ntchito zomwe zilipo. N'zoona kuti pali njira zamakono zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi malonda, monga malamulo ndi kukonzanso, koma pali zowonjezera zambiri kuposa izo.
Aphunzitsi a Koleji, opanga malamulo, ogwira ntchito yosamalira zachilengedwe, alangizi, owatumiza, othandizira chitetezo chaumwini komanso akatswiri othandizira kupha anthu onse ali ndi maudindo ofunika kwambiri pachitetezo cha milandu ndi milandu. Zoonadi, ziribe kanthu komwe mukuchita chidwi, mwinamwake mungapeze njira yowunikira ntchito mu industry.
- Dziwani Ntchito Zachilungamo ndi Criminology
- Fufuzani Criminology ndi Criminal Justice Career Profiles
Kodi ndi ntchito zotani zomwe zilipo mu sayansi ya zamankhwala?
Monga chilungamo cha chigawenga ndi ziphuphu, sayansi ya zamankhwala imapereka maumboni osiyanasiyana kotero kuti pali malo pafupifupi aliyense. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yowonjezereka yowonjezera wofufuzira milandu, pafupifupi chiphunzitso chirichonse cha sayansi chiri ndi chigawo choyang'anira.
Ofufuza bwino ntchito ndi ophunzitsidwa bwino angaphunzire intomology, psychology, anthropology, ballistics, biology ndi zina, ndi ntchito zogwira ntchito monga magazistain pattern akatswiri. Palinso malo ogwiritsira ntchito zamakono pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ndi zamakono opanga zamakono, komanso kwa munthu wotsatanetsatane mwa kufufuza kwa manja.
Kodi ntchito yoweruza milandu ndi olemba ziphuphu amalipira zochuluka motani?
Anthu omwe amapanga chilungamo ndi zigawenga amachita kawirikawiri chifukwa cha chikhumbo chotumikira anthu. Kawirikawiri, ntchitozi ndizo makamaka za utumiki ndi zopereka. Mwamwayi, kudzikonda sikuika chakudya patebulo kapena kulipira ngongole, choncho mudzafuna kudziwa momwe mungayang'anire.
Misonkho imasiyanasiyana kwambiri malingana ndi msinkhu wa maphunziro, udindo ndi luso luso lofunikira kuti lizigwira ntchito, koma mwachidziwitso, mutha kuyamba kuyambira pakati pa $ 30,000 ndi $ 40,000. Akuluakulu ogwira ntchito, oyang'anira apolisi, ndi ogwira ntchito yoteteza othawa ntchito amatha kukhala kumapeto kwa malipiro awo, pamene aphunzitsi, asayansi, ndi alangizi apadera angathe kupeza ndalama zoposa $ 100,000 pachaka.
Kodi ndi maudindo abwino otani pa ntchito zachilungamo?
Chifukwa cha ntchito zosiyanasiyana, pali njira zambiri zophunzitsira zimene mungachite kuti mukonzekere ntchito. Kawirikawiri, anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi chigamulo cholungama komanso ochita ziphuphu amayamba kuphunzira maphunziro a sayansi. Magulu opambana a ntchitozi, kuphatikizapo chilungamo cha chigawenga kapena ziphuphu, ndizo zasayansi, psychology, kapena sayansi ya ndale, ndi alangizi a akuluakulu ndi ana m'madera amenewo.
Kodi ndipamwamba zotani zazikuluzikulu za ntchito za sayansi zamankhwala?
Kwa inu omwe mukukhumba ndi ntchito mu sayansi ya zamankhwala, mawu ofunika ndi "sayansi." Mapiri abwino kwambiri amapezeka mu sayansi ya chilengedwe, monga biology, chemistry, ndi physics.
Kuwonjezera pa zofunikira, ngati muli ndi apadera mu malingaliro, mukhoza kufufuza intomology, anthropology, psychology, sayansi yamakompyuta, kungotchula pang'ono. Apanso, kulimbikitsidwa kumafunika kumanga chidziwitso ndi maphunziro mu sayansi ndi ndondomeko.
Ndi maphunziro ochuluka bwanji omwe ndikufunikira kwenikweni omwe amagwira ntchito zauchigawenga?
College ndi ndalama zambiri, panthawi ndi ndalama. Ngati mukufuna kupanga ndalama zoterezi, mukufunadi kudziŵa kuchuluka kwa khungu m'maseŵera omwe muyenera kukhala nawo ndi mtundu wanji wobwereranso womwe mukuyembekezera. Kuchuluka kwa maphunziro omwe muyenera kutero kudzadalira kwambiri ntchito imene mukufuna.
Pali mabungwe ambiri ochita zachilungamo komanso ochita ziphuphu omwe safuna kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi digiri iliyonse, pamene ena amafunikira mbuye wawo kapena adokotala. Muyenera kufufuza pang'ono ponena za ntchito yomwe mukuyifuna, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mutengapo mbali kuti mukhale ndi akaunti kuti musakhale ndi ngongole yopanda ngongole ya ophunzira ndi ndalama zochepa kuti mubwezeretse.
- Pezani Momwemo Maphunziro Ambiri Amene Mudzawafunira ku Chilungamo Chachilungamo ndi Ntchito Zachiwawa
Ine ndiri ndi digirii yanga yowopsya. Kodi ndingatani ndi izo?
Lamulo lathu loyamba la kusankha akuluakulu a koleji ndikudziwitsanso zomwe mukufuna kuchita musanasankhe digiri kuti mupeze kuti muthe kukwaniritsa cholinga chanu cha maphunziro pa zolinga zanu. Ndizoti, anthu ambiri amapezeka kuti ali ndi digiri ya koleji kuti sakudziwa chochita. Ngati mudalandira digiri ya zamatsenga, muli ndi zosankha zambiri. Mungasankhe kukhala katswiri wa milandu, mkulu wa milandu wa achinyamata, woyesedwa kapena woyang'anira chigawo, kapena kugwira ntchito mu ndondomeko ya boma, pakati pa ena.
Ndili ndi digiri ya chilungamo cha chigamulo. Kodi ndingagwire kuti?
Dipatimenti ya chilungamo cha chigamulo ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa anthu omwe akufuna kugwira ntchito m'ndondomeko ya malamulo. Ma digiri awa adzakukonzekeretsani kuti mupite ntchito ngati apolisi kapena ofesi yothandizira. Iwo angaperekenso chidziwitso chofunikira cha akatswiri omwe akufuna. Ngati muli ndi digiri ya chilungamo cha chigawenga, funani ntchito mulamulo, kufufuza, kapena kayendedwe ka khothi.
Ndiyenera kuti kuti ndiyang'ane ntchito yoweruza milandu komanso milandu?
Pali matani a zosankha zomwe zilipo chifukwa cha chilungamo cha aphungu komanso ofuna ntchito zamakono, koma muyenera kudziwa kumene mungawapeze. Ambiri mwa ntchito zimenezi adzapezeka mu gawo la anthu. Pitani ku maofesi anu a municipalities, state, county ndi federal ndikugwiritsanso ntchito magulu othandizira malamulo, madera a kusintha ndi maofesi ofufuza.
Ngati muli ndi malo enieni okhudzidwa kapena akatswiri, yang'anani ku ofesi kapena nthambi yomwe imayang'anira dera limenelo. Mwina mungadabwe kumva kuti mabungwe ambiri a boma, makamaka pa boma ndi boma, amagwiritsa ntchito thupi linalake lopangira ntchito, kuphatikizapo ulimi, positi, asilikali komanso mipando yamapaki. Palinso, ntchito zapadera zomwe zilipo, monga kutaya chitetezo, chitetezo, ndi kufunsira, koma ntchito za boma ndi malo abwino kwambiri oti muyambe kufufuza kwanu.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zili kumbuyo kwanga zingandilepheretse kupeza ntchito?
Ntchito zambiri zachilungamo ndi zolemba milandu zimafuna kufufuza zambiri, zomwe zingaphatikizepo kukuyang'anirani ntchito yapitayi, mbiri yanu ya chigawenga komanso kuunika kwa maganizo ndi ma polygraph. Zinthu zakale zomwe zingathe kuchitika panthawiyi zingakhudzidwe kwambiri ndi luso lanu lolemba ntchito.
Nkhani zazikulu zomwe zingakukhumudwitseni zikuphatikizapo chizoloŵezi chosavomerezeka chimatsutsana monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, makamaka mankhwala oopsa monga cocaine ndi hallucinogens; zodziwika ndi zosadziwika zolakwika ndi zolakwika; miyambo ya khalidwe losauka; ntchito zolakwika; nkhani zilizonse za nkhanza zapakhomo; ndi rekodi yoyendetsa galimoto.
Mabungwe ambiri amayang'ana zonse zomwe zilipo ndipo ngati pali nthawi yochuluka pakati pa zovuta ndi zochitika zanu, zikhoza kunyalanyazidwa. Ndikofunika kuzindikira, komabe, kuti mukufunikira kugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti mutha kusunga maziko anu ndi opanda chilema ngati n'kotheka kuti mudzipatse mwayi wabwino kwambiri.
- Phunzirani Zambiri Zomwe Zimagwirizanitsa Penyani Oletsedwa
Ntchito zambiri zimafuna kukhala ndi chidziwitso. Ndizitenga bwanji?
Ndizovuta zakale: simungathe kupeza ntchito popanda chidziwitso, ndipo simungathe kupeza chidziwitso popanda ntchito. Kapena mungathe? Zoona, ntchito zambiri zimafuna kuti mukhale ndi zochitika zina, koma mukhoza kuzipeza kudzera m'mabuku osiyanasiyana. Ndithudi, ngati mudakali sukulu, internships ndi njira yabwino. Ngakhale mutakhala koleji, pali mwayi wokhala ndi mwayi wopeza ntchito yomwe mukufuna.
Fufuzani mwayi wodzipereka mumunda wanu wosankhidwa. Ngati mukufuna kugwira ntchito mu lamulo, mwachitsanzo, taganizirani kugwira ntchito ngati malo osungirako ntchito kapena othandizira. Muyeneranso kulingalira za kuyamba pa malo apansi kuposa momwe mungakonde kuti mutenge phazi lanu pakhomo. Eya, aliyense ayenera kuyamba penapake.
Kodi ndikufunsira bwanji ntchito zapandu ndi milandu?
Poyankhula mwachidule, pali njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito ntchito. Olemba ambiri tsopano ali ndi mtundu wina wa mawonekedwe apakompyuta, kapena mukhoza kupita kumsewu wamaphunziro. Kuphunzira za momwe ntchito ikugwiritsira ntchito n'kosavuta. Kumaliza ntchitoyi molondola, komabe, ndi chinthu chinanso.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ntchito iliyonse, onetsetsani kuti mukuzilemba bwinobwino. Zolakwitsa zosavuta ndi zosiyidwa zingapatse abwana kuganiza kuti ndiwe wosayankhula kapena wosasamala, ndipo palibe amene angakulembereni ntchito. Onetsetsani kuti mumvetsetsa zomwe mukufunsidwa pazokambirana, ndipo ngati muli ndi funso, funsani olemba ntchito kapena olemba ntchito kuti awone.
Ntchito yanu yogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyamba yomwe mungadzipatse nokha kwa wogwira ntchito, kotero iwerengeni. Pewani zolakwitsa ndi zolakwika za grammatical, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mudzazilemba mosamala ngati simungathe kuzijambula.
Ndingakhale bwanji asayansi wodalirika?
Zimasonyeza ngati CSI ndi Dexter yowonjezera kutchuka ndi chidwi cha ntchito za sayansi zamankhwala. Kuphatikiza ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi zamakono m'munda kumapangitsa ntchito zosiyanasiyanazi kuti zikhale zokopa, ndipo motero zimapikisana kwambiri. Kuti ukhale katswiri wa sayansi, muyenera kuika maganizo pa kuphunzira za sayansi. Mu koleji, phunzirani sayansi ya chilengedwe, ndikudziwitsani luso lanu ngati mukufuna chidwi chapadera. Yesetsani kupeza malo ogwiritsira ntchito ma laboratory, kuphunzitsidwa pansi pa asayansi ena, ndi kukhala ndi luso lolankhulana lolimba ndi loyankhula bwino. Mukhozanso kuyembekezera kuti muyambe kufufuza chinsinsi.
Ndingatani kuti ndikhale wofufuzira milandu?
Ngakhale mabungwe ena amapanga akatswiri osalumbira kuti azikhala ofufuza milandu, milandu yambiri ikugwiritsabe ntchito apolisi olumbirira. Njira yoyamba ndiyo kuyamba ntchito ngati apolisi ochepa (kawirikawiri zaka ziwiri kapena zina) ndikusintha ndikukhala malo apadera monga chitukuko chachipongwe.
Kaya ndikulumbirira kapena osalumbira, mufunika kukhala ndi chidziwitso ndi maphunziro kuti mugwire ntchitoyi. Chidziwitso cha sayansi ya chilengedwe chingakhale chothandiza, monga momwe zidzakhalire maphunziro ndi zovomerezeka pazofukufuku zachitetezo. Phunzirani luso lojambula zithunzi, kufufuza, ndi kulankhulana, ndipo fufuzani mwayi wophunzira kapena kuphunzira.
Ndingakhale bwanji apolisi?
Kawirikawiri, ndondomeko yokhala apolisi imayendetsedwa kudzera mndandanda wa masitepe, kuyambira pa ntchito. Muyenera kupitiliza mayeso oyenerera, kuyeza thupi, maso ndi mayeso.
Mungathe kuyembekezera kufufuza kochokera kumbuyo komwe kungaphatikizepo polygraph, mwinamwake kusanthula maganizo kuti mudziwe zoyenera pa ntchitoyi, ndipo mukhoza kupita musanayambe kuyankhulana. Ndipo, ndithudi, mudzayenera kukwanitsa bwino apolisi academy ndi maphunziro a kumunda.
- Phunzirani Kukhala Msilikali
Ndichifukwa chiyani ndiyenera kuganizira ntchito yolanga chilungamo?
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa ntchito zachilungamo ndi ziphuphu kuti zikhale zabwino, pazifukwa zomveka komanso zokondweretsa. Chifukwa chimodzi, muli ndi mwayi wothandiza ndi kutumikira ena. Palinso kukhazikika kwa ntchito, malipiro abwino, ndi ubwino wathanzi komanso pantchito yopuma pantchito. Zonse mwazo, ogwira ntchito zamakono ndi mwayi wapadera wogwira ntchito yokhutiritsa ndi yopindulitsa.
- Phunzirani Zambiri Zomwe Mukuyenera Kuganizira za Chilungamo Chachilungamo ndi Chiwerengero cha Oweruza
Kodi ndi lamulo liti lopanda malamulo komanso milandu ya criminology?
Kawirikawiri, anthu amasonkhana nthawi yomweyo kuti azitsatira malamulo ophwanya malamulo komanso milandu yowononga milandu. Zoona, pali zambiri, zambiri zomwe mungachite posankha apolisi.
Akatswiri ophwanya malamulo amasonkhanitsa ndi kutanthauzira deta ya mitundu yonse ya malamulo a chilungamo. Apolisi otumiza apolisi amapereka chithandizo cha ma polisi apolisi akuyenera kugwira ntchito zawo mosamala ndipo ndilo gawo la moyo pakati pa anthu osowa ndi anthu omwe angathandize. Ntchito zina zokhudzana ndi usilikali zikuphatikizapo ovomerezeka, osayansi, akatswiri a zamaganizo, akatswiri a zachipatala, ndi olemba milandu, kutchula owerengeka chabe.
Kodi mayesero olimbitsa thupi ndi otani?
Kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo ndi ogwira ntchito apadera, kuyang'anira thupi ndilofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yolemba. Nthawi zina ntchitozi zimafuna kuti thupi lanu lizigwira ntchito mwakhama kuti athandize anthu ena, kuthamangitsani kuthawa ndikudzipulumutsa nokha.
Kuyesera kwamakono kuti mabungwe amatha kusintha mosiyana, koma kawirikawiri amakhala ndi kukuyesa kuchokera pa mphamvu ndi kupirira kwanu, monga kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mapulaneti omwe mukukwanitsa kuchita ndi liwiro limene mukuchita Ndikhoza kuyenda mamita 1.5; chida china chodziwika bwino chimaphatikizapo zolepheretsa nthawi zomwe zimayambitsa zina zomwe muyenera kuchita pa ntchitoyo.
Pa mayesero onse, njira yabwino yokonzekera ndikusunga malamulo ophunzitsira ndikuyesera kukhalabe ndi thanzi labwino.
- Phunzirani Zambiri Zokhudza Kugonana ndi Kugonana
Kodi maziko amawunika bwanji?
Kukhudzidwa kwa ntchito ndi msinkhu wa ulamuliro ndi udindo nthawi zambiri kumalongosola momwe kufufuza kwakhalira, komabe mungathe kuyembekezera kuti akulemba kukumba zakuya.
Mwachiwonekere, iwo adzayang'ana kuti awone ngati muli ndi kumangidwa kwina kulikonse, komabe mukhoza kuyembekezera kuti ayang'ane ngati munagwiritsira ntchito mowa mopitirira muyeso kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kuyankhulana ndi abambo akale kumayambanso ntchito, monga momwe akugwiritsira ntchito ngongole kuti awonetsetse kuti mulibe ngongole kuti musamangokhalira kugwira ntchito yanu komanso kuti mukukwaniritsa udindo wanu.
Wofufuzira wam'mbuyomu akhoza kuyendera maulendo a kunyumba ndikukumana ndi anzako kuti apeze chithunzi chabwino cha mtundu wa munthu. Mwachidule, zindikirani kufufuza kwa mseri kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri.
- Phunzirani Zonse Zokhudza Ntchito Yoyamba Pre-Checks Background Checks
Kodi ndiyenera kupeza digiri ya master mu chilungamo cha chigawenga kapena chigawenga?
Funso loti kaya mupeze digiri ya masukulu kapena ayi, limadalira kwenikweni ntchito yomwe mukufuna komanso zomwe mukufuna kuchita. Kwa ntchito zambiri, digiri ya master siidzafunidwa, osati ngakhale kupita patsogolo. Zikhoza kukuthandizani kuti mukhale okonzeka kukonzekera ndikukonzekeretsani kugwira ntchito pamwambamwamba.
Ngati mukufuna ntchito yofufuzira kapena kupanga mapulani pophunzitsa kuunivesite kapena ku yunivesite, digiri ya master kapena yoposa idzakhala yoyenera.
- Pezani Zambiri Zokhudza Malamulo a Master ku Criminal Justice kapena Criminology
Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti ndikonzekerere chilungamo cha chigamulo?
Choyamba ndi kuchita kafukufuku wanu ndikupeza ntchito zomwe mumakonda kwambiri. Mukasankha ntchito, mukhoza kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa zofunikira ndikupanga mpikisano pamsika wogwira ntchito.
Ganizirani zofunikira za maphunziro, maphunziro ndi zofunikira ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kuti mupange chiyambi chomwe chidzakupangitsani kukhala wokondedwa.
Pamene muli pa izo, yesetsani kukumana ndi anthu mumagulu anu osankhidwa kuti mumange makina ochezera ndi kuphunzira zambiri za ntchito yomwe mukuyesera kuti mufike. Malingaliro omwe nzeru ndi mphamvu ndizoona apa, kotero pamene mumatha kusonkhanitsa, ndibwino kuti mukhale okonzeka mukakhala nthawi yofuna ntchito.
Ndingapeze bwanji ntchito yabwino yoweruza milandu kwa ine?
Pezani ntchito yomwe mumakonda, kotero mawuwo akupita, ndipo simudzagwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Chinsinsi chopeza ntchito yomwe mumakonda ndikudziwa zomwe mukufuna kuchita. Yang'anani pa zokondweretsa zanu ndi zokonda zanu kuti mudziwe mtundu wanji wa wok mungakhale woyenera kwambiri.
Ngati mumakonda kuwerenga kapena mukusangalala ndi zowerengera ndi kusonkhanitsa deta, mungafune kupeza malo monga wofufuza, sayansi kapena katswiri. Koma, ngati mukufuna kukhala kunja kapena kuyanjana ndi anthu ena, mungasangalale kugwira ntchito mumsewu monga woyang'anira kapena woyang'anira nyama zakutchire. Pezani chilakolako chanu, ndipo chitani kafukufuku kuti mupeze ntchito yabwino.
Nchifukwa chiyani ine sindikulembedwanso, ndipo ine ndingatani pa izo?
Ngati mukugwera ntchito mwakhama, pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe simukulembera ntchito, zina zomwe mungathe kuzilamulira komanso zina simungathe kuzilemba. Chinyengo ndikumvetsa kusiyana kwake ndikugwira ntchito pazinthu zomwe mungachitepo.
Onetsetsani kuti mukukwaniritsa ntchito zanu bwinobwino komanso molondola. Onetsetsani kuti ziyeneretso zanu zigwirizane ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa ntchito. Pamene mukulemba zolemba zanu, mwachitsanzo, zikhale zofunikira pa zolinga zanu. Yesetsani kuonetsetsa kuti maphunziro anu ndi zomwe mukukumana nazo zili pamlingo womwe akuyenera kukhala.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuvala mwakhama nthawi zonse pamene mukukambirana ndi omwe angakhale olemba ntchito, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mauthenga anu ndi akatswiri komanso kuti akujambula chithunzi chabwino koposa. Koposa zonse, sungani mutu wanu, pitirizani kulimbikira.
- Pezani Momwe Mukukhalira Osathamangitsidwa ndi Zimene Muyenera Kuchita Zokhudza Izo
- Phunzirani Momwe Mungavalirire Kuti Mukhale Ogwira Ntchito pa Kufuna Ntchito
- Pezani Thandizo Pa Momwe Mungayankhulire ndi Olemba Ntchito
Kufunsidwa ndi Kuyankha
Ndili ndi zambiri zoti muphunzire za ntchito zazikuluzi, ndizomveka kuti mungakhale ndi mafunso ambiri omwe samawoneka pano. Mwamwayi, tikupitiriza kuwonjezera zowonjezera kuti muthe kuphunzira ndikukula mwayi wanu wa ntchito kuti ndikupatseni mpata wabwino kuti mupeze ndi kupeza ntchito yopindulitsa yowononga milandu.