Kusiyana pakati pa chilungamo cha chigawenga ndi zigawenga
Criminology ndi kuphunzira za umbanda ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, ndalama, ndi zotsatira zake. Chiweruzo cha uchigawenga ndi njira yomwe zigawenga ndi zigawenga zimapezedwa, kumangidwa, kuzunzidwa ndi kulangidwa. Anthu omwe amaphunzira chilungamo chachinyengo amaphunzira za zigawo zonse zosiyana siyana ndikugwira ntchito mkati mwa dongosolo.
Zigawozikulu za malamulo a chilungamo
Zigawo zitatu zikuluzikulu zimapanga malamulo oyendetsera milandu : kukhazikitsa malamulo, makhoti, ndi kuwongolera. Amagwira ntchito pamodzi kuti athetse ndi kulanga khalidwe losayenerera.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malamulo: Ntchito imeneyi ndi yooneka bwino kwambiri. Akuluakulu apolisi ndi oyamba kulumikizana ndi chigawenga ali ndi ndondomeko yolungama. Apolisi amayendetsa malowa kuti athandize kupewa zolakwa, kufufuza zochitika zauchigawenga, ndi kumanga anthu omwe akudandaula kuti akuchita ziwawa. Ochimwira amalowa m'bwalo lamilandu atagwidwa.
- Milandu Yamilandu: Khoti lamilandu lili ndi advocats, oweruza, ndi juries, komanso ogwira ntchito. Kulakwitsa kapena kusalakwa kwa woganiza kumatsimikiziridwa kukhoti. Wokayikirayo, yemwe tsopano ndi wotsutsa, amapatsidwa mpata woti adziwonekere kukhoti monga umboni wafotokozedwa. Ndiye amatha kumasulidwa kapena akupezeka kuti wachita chigamulochi. Ngati wapezeka kuti ndi wolakwa, wokayikira amalandira chilango kapena chilango malinga ndi zikhazikitso za woweruzayo ndi lamulo. Wotsutsa akutembenuzidwa ku dongosolo lokonzekera pambuyo pa chilango.
- Machitidwe Okonzekera: Njira yokonzetsera imaphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya chilango ndi chilango. Zimaphatikizapo kumangidwa ndi kuyesedwa. Wachigamulo woweruzidwa ndi udindo wa dongosolo lokonzekera mpaka chigamulo chake chonse chitumikizidwa kapena kusinthidwa.
Mbiri ya umbanda ndi chilango
Chilungamo cha chigawenga chachokera ku Republic of Rome ndi ku Middle East England, ndicho chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe Latin imakhala maziko a chinenero cha makhoti. Malingaliro monga kubwezeretsa ndi kuchitidwa akuchitidwa kuyambira nthawi zakale, ngakhale kuti zilango zina zakale monga kuzembera, kukwapula ndi kutsekemera zidawonongedwa m'mayiko otukuka monga momwe malingaliro athu ndi kumvetsetsa kwauchigawenga zasinthira.
Kutsekera m'ndendemo ndi ndende zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma 1800. Pamene anthu ankawona kuti ndi kofunikira kuti athetse chigawenga kwa anthu asanakhalepo nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri ankatengedwa kupita kudziko lina ndipo nthawi zambiri ankamuopseza ngati amwalira.
Mapolisi amakono
Chitukuko china chatsopano mu chigawenga cha milandu ndi apolisi amakono. Mukaona kuti ndi udindo ndi udindo wa nzika iliyonse yamwamuna, kukhala ndi malo otetezeka tsopano tsopano kumakhala ntchito ya boma.
Ndondomeko ya chilungamo cha chigamulo ikupitirizabe kupyolera mu ntchito ya akatswiri a ziphuphu komanso akatswiri a zamalamulo pamene tikufunafuna njira zabwino zothandizira ozunzidwa, mboni, anthu komanso okayikira komanso olakwa milandu. Kuphunzira za chilungamo cha chigawenga kumatithandiza kupeza njira zabwino zothetsera umbanda komanso kuteteza nzika.
Fufuzani Ntchito mu Criminal Justice
Chilungamo cha milandu chimapereka mwayi wambiri wosankha ntchito. Amene akufuna kugwira ntchito m'munda angathe kupeza ntchito zambiri m'makhoti, kukonza kapena kukhazikitsa malamulo.