Chigololo mu Msilikali

Kodi Chigololo Chimachitidwa Kuti Ndi "Uphungu" Msilikali?

Ndimatenga imelo nthawi zonse (kawirikawiri kuchokera kwa akazi) ndikufunsa kuti ndi chiani cha "chigololo" m'magulu ankhondo lero? Kawirikawiri, mkaziyo amakhumudwa chifukwa amadziwa kuti asilikali sanagwirepo kanthu pa njira zoipa za mwamuna woipayo, kapena amakwiya chifukwa asilikali sanamulange chifukwa chomupusitsa.

Kotero, kodi chigololo chiribe chokhumudwitsa pansi pa dongosolo lachilungamo? Inde - ndipo ayi. Zimadalira zochitika.

Mungadabwe kumva kuti chigololo sichiwerengedwa ngati cholakwira mu Code of Justice of Justice (UCMJ). UCMJ ndi lamulo la federal, lokhazikitsidwa ndi Congress, kuti lilamulire malamulo ndi milandu ya milandu kwa asilikali. Nkhani 77 mpaka 134 za UCMJ zikuphatikizira "zolakwa" (izi ndizolakwa zomwe munthu angathe kuimbidwa mlandu). Palibe mwazinthu zimenezi zomwe zimatchula za chigololo.

Chiwerewere m'ndende chikuimbidwa mlandu pansi pa Article 134, yomwe imatchedwanso "General Article." Ndime 134 imaletsa chabe khalidwe limene liri lachilengedwe lobweretsa chitonzo pa zida, kapena khalidwe limene limapangitsa kuti azisamalidwa bwino ndi kulangizidwa.

UCMJ imalola Purezidenti wa United States kuti apereke UCMJ polemba Order Executive, yotchedwa Manual for Court Martial (MCM). MCM imaphatikizapo UCMJ, komanso imaphatikizapo UCMJ mwa kukhazikitsa "Elements of Proof," (zomwe boma liyenera kutsimikizira * kuti lizitsutsa), kufotokoza za zolakwa, ndi chilango chokwanira chololedwa pazochitika zina (pakati pa zinthu zina ).

Ngakhale kuti MCM ndi Order Executive, yochitidwa ndi Pulezidenti, zenizeni, zambiri mwa zomwe zilipozo ndizo chifukwa cha zisankho za milandu ndi za boma.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe MCM imachita ndi kukweza nkhani 134 mu "magawo ena". Chimodzi mwa "zigawo zino" zikuphatikizapo kulakwa kwa chigololo ( Gawo 134, ndime 62 ).

Kuchita chigololo, monga mlandu wa usilikali, n'kovuta kutsutsa (mwalamulo) pa zifukwa zingapo.

Pali zitatu "Zisonyezo za" chifukwa cha zolakwa za Chigololo mu Military:

1. Kuti woweruzidwa molakwika anagonana ndi munthu wina;
2. Kuti, panthawiyo, woweruzidwa kapena munthu winayo anali wokwatira wina; ndi
3. Kuti, malinga ndi momwe ziriri, khalidwe la woweruzidwa linali la tsankhu la kukonzekera bwino ndi kulangizidwa mu zida zankhondo kapena zinali zachikhalidwe zowononga asilikali.

Element # 2 nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kuti boma liwonetsetse. Pali nthawi zambiri umboni wokwanira wovomerezeka ngati wina ali wokwatirana mwalamulo kapena ayi. (Anthu ambiri adzadabwa kumva kuti mu usilikali, munthu wosakwatira akhoza kuimbidwa mlandu wa chigololo ).

Choyamba # 1 chingakhale chovuta kutsimikizira. Kumbukirani, bwalo la milandu (ngati khoti lachimuna) likufuna umboni * kupitirira kukayikira. Umboni wa kugonana umafuna mafoto, kuvomereza kwa mmodzi wa maphwando okhudzidwa, mboni yowona, kapena umboni wina wovomerezeka mwalamulo. (Kungokhala kuti wina amakhala pa nyumba ya wina, kapena kugona nawo pabedi limodzi si umboni wa kugonana.

Element # 3, nthawi zambiri, ikhoza kukhala chinthu chovuta kwambiri kutsimikizira. Boma liyenera kusonyeza kuti khalidwe la munthu lidawononge asilikali. Izi kawirikawiri zimaphatikizapo milandu yothandizira (woyang'anira ndi kulembetsa) kapena chiyanjano ndi msilikali wina, kapena msilikali wankhondo.

Ena a inu mungakumbukire mlandu wotchuka wa Lt Kelly Kelly wa zaka zingapo zapitazo. Lt. Kelly Flynn anali woyendetsa B-52 woyamba wa Air Force. Mwatsoka, Lt. Flynn anali msilikali wosakwatiwa yemwe anali ndi chibwenzi ndi munthu wokwatiwa. Lt. Flynn analangizidwa ndi Woyamba Sergeant, ndipo kenako adalamulidwa ndi Mtsogoleri wake, kuti amalize ntchitoyo. Anasweka ndi "chibwenzi" chake, koma kenako adabwerera pamodzi, ndipo_pamene adafunsidwa - Lt. Flynn wabodza. Lt. Flynn ndiye adaimbidwa mlandu wochita chigololo, kupereka umboni wabodza, kutsutsana ndi msilikali , ndi kusamvera lamulo la mkulu wapamwamba.

Kotero, "kugwirizana kwa asilikali" kunali kotani kuti apereke chigololo? Chabwino, mnyamata "wachibwenzi," anali mwamuna wa ntchito yogwira ntchito yomwe adaitanitsa Msilikali wa Air Force , yomwe ili pamtunda womwewo monga Lt. Flynn. Chifukwa chake, "zochitika" za Lt. Flynn zinkakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zomwe msilikali yemwe adatumizidwa ku usilikali adachita (mkazi yemwe adafunsidwa ndi amene adayamba kudandaula za zolakwika za Lt Flynn).

Lt. Flynn sanakumane ndi bwalo la asilikali; iye analoledwa kusiya ntchito yake m'malo mwa milandu ya milandu (zochitika zofalitsa nkhani zambiri zinkakhudzana ndi chisankho cha Air Force).

Mu 1998, Clinton Administration inalemba kusintha kwa Buku la Malamulo-Malamulo, lomwe linapereka kuti chigololo chiyankhidwe pamtundu woyenera kwambiri, ndipo chinapereka chitsogozo chapadera kwa olamulira kuti agwiritse ntchito kuti adziwe ngati khalidwelo "kusokoneza dongosolo labwino ndi chilango," kapena "cha chikhalidwe chimene chingachititse manyazi asilikali." Ngakhale Purezidenti ali ndi mphamvu zothetsera kusintha kwa MCM, pempholi linapangitsa kufuula ndi kuyimba kuchokera ku Congress ndipo kenako anagwetsedwa.

Komabe, poyenda mwakachetechete, mu 2002, Purezidenti Bush adasintha zinthu zambiri zomwe Pulezidenti Clinton analankhula. Kuphatikiza pa Zomwe Za Umboni, "gawo" lachidule pansi pa cholakwachi tsopano limafuna olamulira kuganizira zinthu zingapo pozindikira ngati zolakwa za "chigololo" ndizolakwa.

Ndisanayambe kukambirana izi, ndizofunika kumvetsetsa udindo wa woyang'anira mu ndondomeko ya milandu ya milandu . M'dziko lachigawenga, kaya kapena chochitika chiyenera kuimbidwa mlandu ngati chigawenga chiri kwa Woweruza Wachigawo (DA). Mwachitsanzo, kumudzi kumene ndinakulira, wogulitsa zaka 70 yemwe anali atagwidwa kangapo nthawi zambiri, anapeza mfuti kenaka anatenga zibonga zing'onozing'ono ngati wolanda ngati wolanda ankayendetsa galimoto. Uku ndi "umbanda" pansi pa lamulo. Si "kudziletsa," monga wachifwamba anali atayendetsa galimoto panthawiyo, ndipo wogulitsayo analibe chifukwa choopera moyo wake, panthawi imene adamuwombera. Pansi pa lamulo, wogulitsayo akanakhoza kuimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha zolakwa zingapo, kuyambira kukhwimitsa mfuti mosemphana ndi mzindawo, pofuna kuyesa kupha. Komabe, panthawi yomweyi, DA inakana kutsutsa. DA idamva kuti chifukwa cha msinkhu wa wogulitsa, mbiri ya zoba zoberekera, komanso chifukwa chachinsinsi sanamumenya aliyense, kuti kutsutsa sikunali kofunika kwa anthu ammudzi.

Msilikali, udindo wa DA ukuchitidwa ndi apolisi, atakambirana ndi Woweruza Woweruza Jag . Si JAG amene amasankha yemwe ndi wosatsutsika chifukwa cha zolakwa m'gulu la asilikali (iye akulangiza). Ndi mkulu wotsogolera amene amapanga chisankho chachikulu. Tsopano izo sizikutanthauza kuti DA kapena woyang'anira wamkulu ali ndi ulamuliro wokwanira. DAyo ndi udindo wake kwa abwana ake (kaya anthu omwe adawasankha kukhala ofesi, kapena abusa osankhidwa omwe amawaika, malinga ndi malo omwe mukukhala), ndipo wapolisi wotsogolera asilikali akuyang'anira bwana (akuluakulu oyang'anira akuluakulu apamwamba mu mndandanda wa lamulo).

Maofesi Oyang'anira Malamulo Amafunika Kuganizira

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, Buku la Malamulo a Milandu tsopano likulamula olamulira kuti aziganizira zinthu zina pozindikira ngati asilikali akuchita chigololo kapena ayi, ndipo ayenera kuonedwa kuti ndi olakwa:

• Mwamuna kapena mkazi wake ali ndi udindo wokwatirana, udindo wa usilikali , kalasi, kapena udindo.
• Mkwatibwi wa okondana, udindo wa asilikali, kalasi, ndi udindo, kapena ubale ndi asilikali .
• Msilikali wa womunamizirayo kapena mkazi wake wa co-actor, kapena ubale wawo ndi asilikali.

Ngati mkulu wa asilikali wapamwamba monga Wing Commander, kapena Msilikali wa Battalion ali ndi chibwenzi, izi zikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zotsutsana kwa asilikali (kulingalira kwa anzeru) kusiyana ndi ngati wamagulu awiri ali ndi nkhani. Ngati Pulezidenti wa Joint Chief of Staff (katswiri wamkulu wazaka 4) akugwiridwa ndi chibwenzi, zikhoza kukhala pa Fox News, CNN, ndipo zikuwonekera m'manyuzipepala akuluakulu mwamsanga. Ngati ziboda ziwiri zikugwiridwa kukhala ndi chibwenzi, sizidzatengera ngakhale mzere umodzi m'nyuzipepala ya komweko.

Ngati nkhaniyi ikuphatikizapo anthu awiri achimuna (makamaka ngati ali m'gulu limodzi), izi zikhoza kukhala zotsutsana kwambiri ndi ankhondo kusiyana ndi momwe munthu wamsilikali ali ndi chibwenzi ndi munthu wosagwirizana ndi asilikali. Ngati nkhaniyo ikuphatikizidwa ndi kuphwanya malamulo ena, izi zikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zowononga kwa asilikali.

• Zomwe zimakhudza, ngati zilipo, zokhudzana ndi chigololo potsutsana ndi kuthekera kwa woweruzidwa, wogwirizanitsa, kapena wokwatirana kuti achite ntchito zawo pothandizira asilikali.

Pamene ndinali woyamba Sergeant ku Edwards Air Force Base, ndinayankha pampikisano wapakati pakati pa asilikali awiri okwatirana , omwe anandipatsa gulu langa. Sipanakhalepo nkhanza zomwe zinkakhudzidwa, ndipo - ngati sankafuna kundiuza ndendende zomwe zanenedwazo zinali zokhudzana ndi-ndinaganiza zowonjezera membala wamwamuna ku nyumbayo kwa masiku angapo, kuti ndiwapatse nyengo yozizira.

Madzulo masana, ndinalandira mayitanidwe ochokera ku Security Forces (Air Force "Cops"), omwe adanena kuti akuyankha ku malo anga osungiramo malo chifukwa adalandira maitanidwe kuti panali mkazi mu malo okwera magalimoto ali ndi mfuti, akufuula. Pamene zikutembenuka (iwe umaganiza), unali membala wamkazi. Mwachiwonekere, chifukwa cha mkangano chinali chakuti iye adapeza kuti mwamuna wake anali ndi chiyanjano ndi wina wa asilikali. Mwatsoka, membala wina uja adakhala kumalo omwewo ndinasuntha mamuna wamwamuna kuti alowemo. Lingaliro la iwo pokhala mu nyumba imodzi pamodzi linamupangitsa "kuswa." Anatuluka (ali ndi mfuti) akuwafuna (akuyamikira, sanawapeze, ndipo mfutiyo sinatengedwe). Mulimonsemo, ndizotheka kunena kuti chigololo cha mzimayi chimachititsa kuti mamembala azimayi azigwira ntchito yake.

• Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika, ngati kulikonse, ka nthawi ndi boma zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi iyambe.

Nthawi ina (kachiwiri ku Edwards Air Force Base), ndinalandira foni ku 10:00 pm kuchokera kwa mwamuna wokhumudwitsidwa wa mmodzi wa mamembala omwe anandipatsa gulu langa. Anati amaganiza kuti mwamuna wake ali ndi chibwenzi, choncho adamutsatira usiku womwewo pamene anapita kumtunda wapansi, atanyamula mtsikana ndipo kenako anapita ku nyumba ya abusa.

Ndinapita ku gulu la asilikali ndikupita ku gawo la ntchito ya membalayo. Pogwiritsa ntchito fungulo langa, ndinatsegula chitseko mwakachetechete ndipo_ndipo, mumapeza chithunzichi. Mwachiwonekere, chisankho cha membala uyu kuti azichita zochitika zake zachigololo chinali kuphwanya momveka bwino muyezowu.

• Kaya khalidweli linapitilizabe ngakhale kulangizidwa kapena kulamula kuti asiye; chiwonetsero cha khalidwe, monga ngati chidziwitso chinachitika; ndipo ngati chigololocho chinkaphatikizidwa ndi zophwanya zina za UCMJ.

Nthawi zambiri, ngati wapolisi atalandira chidziwitso chomwe membalayo ali, kapena akhoza kuchita, akuchita chiwerewere, mtsogoleriyo amayesetsa kuthetsa vutoli powapatsa uphungu wothandizira. Nthawi zina, uphungu umaphatikizidwa ndi lamulo lalamulo kuti asiye kuchita zachigololo. Ngati mamembalawo akutsatira, ndiye kuti kutha kwa nkhaniyo. Kumbukirani mlandu wa Lt. Kelly Flynn - Woweruza Woyamba ndi Woweruza anayesera kuthetsa vutoli ndi uphungu komanso lamulo lothetsa chiyanjano. Ngati Lt. Flynn amvera, akhoza kukhala mkulu wa asilikali ku Air Force lero. Koma, sanamvere lamulolo, akuphwanya Mutu 90 wa UCMJ, nanena zabodza, potsutsana ndi Article 107 .

• Kuipa kwa khalidwe pa magulu kapena mabungwe a woimbidwa mlandu, wogwirizanitsa kapena mwamuna kapena mkazi wa ena mwa iwo, monga kuvulaza bungwe kapena bungwe, kayendetsedwe kogwirira ntchito, ndi kugwirira ntchito.

Nkhani yachigololo yomwe palibe yemwe amadziwa za izi sizingakhale ndi zotsatira zotsutsana pa magulu omwe akuphatikizidwa. Koma, ngati "aliyense" mu chigawo "amadziwa" za izo (monga "maofesi" alionse), angayambitse chisokonezo ndi mkwiyo mu unit.

Nthawi ina, atauzidwa kuti ndikhale Woyamba ku gulu la ndege la Air Force F-15 ku Bitburg Air Base ku Germany, gulu lathu linatumizidwa TDY (Temporary Duty) kwa milungu iŵiri kuti Nellis AFB (Las Vegas) atenge nawo "Red" pachaka Flag "yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pafupi theka-njira yopyola mu TDY, ndinatenga mphekesera kuti pa phwando lapansi pa Lachisanu usiku, mlembi wina wa ntchito za akazi aakazi awiri ndi woyang'anira woyendetsa wokwatiwa anawoneka akuvina kwambiri. wolemetsa "mu ngodya ya bar yomwe phwando linkachitika. "Aliyense adadziwa" zomwe zinachitika usiku womwewo pamene banjali linachoka ku bar.

Nditamva mphekesera, ndinamuuza kapitawo wamkuluyo, ndipo adakudzudzula woyendetsa ndegeyo, pamene ndinakambirana ndi membalayo. Tilibe "umboni" kuti kugonana kunachitika, koma tinkafuna kuthetsa vutoli. Kwa zizindikiro zonse, zomwezo (ngati zilipo) zatha nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, titabwerera kunyumba, mphekeserazo zinapitirira. Ngati amphwangwa awiriwa akumwetulira pa woyendetsa ndegeyo pamene amayenda, maulendo anali odzaza. Ngati zinkawoneka kuti woyendetsa ndegeyo amathera nthawi yochuluka ku dekesi la ofesi (komwe ndegeyo amagwira ntchito) akuyang'ana pa nthawi yaulendo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, osong'onong'onong'ono adzayambiranso.

Tsiku lina akunong'oneza adafika kumakutu a mkazi wa woyendetsa ndegeyo ndipo adayankhula mphekesera kwa Wing Commander (komabe, "sadanong'oneza"). Ndi pamene zinthu zonse zimagwira mwambiwo. Ngakhale kuti chigawenga cha "chigololo" sichidaimbidwe (palibe njira yotsimikizira kuti kugonana kwenikweni kunachitika), woyendetsa ndegeyo adalandira Article 15 yothandizana nawo (zoyenera kuchita ndi munthu wolemba), zomwe zinathetsa ntchito yake. Wosankhidwayo mwakachetechete anapempha kuti atuluke, ndipo adavomerezedwa mosavuta (adalandira kutuluka kwa "General").

• Kaya woimbidwa mlandu kapena wothandizira ntchitoyo analekanitsidwa mwalamulo ; ndi
• Kaya khalidwe lochita chigololo likuphatikizapo ubale wokhazikika kapena waposachedwa kapena uli kutali kwambiri.

Kawirikawiri, akuluakulu olamulira sizingakhale zokhudzana ndi kugonana komwe kumachitika munthu atakhala wolekanitsidwa mwalamulo ndi mwamuna wake, pokhapokha ngati ndi nkhani yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi asilikali, monga kugwirizanitsa. Kuonjezera apo, olamulira sadzakhala onse amene akudandaula kuti membala anali ndi chigololo nthawi ina.

Zonsezi zikutanthawuza kuti zochitika zambiri za "chigololo" siziyenera kuonedwa kuti ndi "chilango" chowombera msilikali, pokhapokha ngati wapolisi atha kuganiza kuti pali nkhondo yowonongeka kwa asilikali. Nthawi zina, nkhaniyi ikwanilitsidwa bwino mu bwalo lachipani (chisudzulo), monga momwe ziliri kwa anthu wamba.

M'dziko losauka, n'zosavuta kupeza a DA omwe ali "ovuta" pakutsutsa milandu yamtundu umodzi m'madera amodzi kusiyana ndi ena. Mwachitsanzo, a DA ku Nebraska amatha kusuta chamba ndi zovuta kwambiri kuposa DA ku California. Akuluakulu a asilikali, omwe amalamulira malamulo osiyanasiyana amasiyana nthawi zambiri poganizira zomwe zili pamwambapa. Olamulira ena angapereke chikhalidwe chowoneka bwino kuposa ena. Kuonjezera apo, anthu ambiri mu Msilikali (kuphatikizapo akuluakulu akuluakulu ambiri), amaona kuti, ngati chigololo sichimachimwira moyo waumphawi (chikugwiridwa ndi makhoti osudzulana, osati makhoti a milandu), kotero ziyenera kukhala mu Military.

Zomwe ndimakumana nazo, chigololo sichidaimbidwa mlandu wotsutsana ndi chigamulo cha 15 kapena Milandu . Kawirikawiri amawonjezeredwa pandandanda wa milandu, pokhapokha ngati wachiwalo adzalangidwa kale chifukwa cha zolakwa zina kapena zina. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mtsogoleriyo atapereka chigamulo chotsutsa Msilikali wokwatiwa chifukwa cha kulemba zoipa, ndipo kufufuza kunafotokoza kuti membalayo analemba zolemba kuti athe kulipira chipinda cha hotelo kuti agwirizane ndi wina, mtsogoleriyo angasankhe "pa" chiwerewere cha chigololo ku mndandanda wa zolembera zoipa.

Izi sizikutanthawuza, kuti, asilikali ndi omasuka kuti asokonezeke ndi aliyense amene akufuna. Olamulira ali ndi nzeru zochuluka zokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ntchito (monga chidzudzulo, kunyalanyaza, kukambidwa, kulengeza malipoti, etc.) sizitsatiridwa ndi zofunikira zalamulo za UCMJ kapena Manual for Courts-Martial .

Ngati nkhaniyi yathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatiridwa ndi Gawo 15 kapena zoletsedwa za boma, zochitazo zimatetezedwa pachisankho cha Privacy Act cha 1974. Ndiko nkhani yokhala ngati anthu adzalangidwa ndi a Courts-Martial. Pansi pa lamulo lachinsinsi, akuluakulu oyang'anira lamulo saloledwa, ndi Federal Law, kuti adziwepo kanthu kena kalikonse ka 15 kapena kachitidwe ka kayendetsedwe ka boma, popanda chilolezo chovomerezeka cha memiti wa asilikali. Choncho, n'zotheka kuti membalayo "adzalangidwa" chifukwa chochita chigololo, ndipo mkazi yemwe akudandaula sadzadziwa.

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