Momwe Asilikali Ankhondo Amapangira Olamulira
Kutetezedwa kwalamulo komwe munthu amapereka ku NJP kuweruzidwa kumakhala kokwanira kwambiri kuposa momwe zilili ndi zochitika zopanda chidziwitso, koma, mwa kukonza, sizowonjezereka kusiyana ndi makhoti.
Mu Army ndi Air Force, chilango chopanda tsankho chikhoza kuperekedwa ndi mkulu wotsogolera. Izi zikutanthawuza msilikali yemwe ali ndi malamulo enieni, akuwatcha kuti "wamkulu". Mu Navy ndi Marine Corps , chilango chopanda chilungamo chikhoza kuperekedwa ndi "Woyang'anira." Mawu oti "Wotsogolera" sakutanthawuza "OIC," monga " udindo wa ntchito," koma makamaka mtsogoleri wapadera amene mbendera yomwe imagwira bwalo lamilandu- akuluakulu a asilikali amachititsa ofesi ngati "woyang'anira."
"Mast," "Article 15," ndi "maofesi a maofesi" ndi njira zomwe woyang'anira wamkulu kapena wamkulu woyang'anira angathe:
- Funsani zochitika zokhudzana ndi zolakwa zazing'ono zomwe zidachitidwa ndi membala wa lamulo lake;
- kupereka wogwira mlandu mlandu wa zolakwa zoterezi; ndi
- kuchotsa milandu yotereyi potsutsa milandu, kuika chilango pambali ya zolemba za Art. 15, UCMJ, kapena kutchula mulandu ku khoti la milandu.
Kodi "mast," " Article 15 ," ndi "maofesi a ofesi" sali:
- Iwo sali chiyeso, monga mawu akuti "kusankhana" akunena;
- chidziwitso; ndi
- kukhululukidwa ngati chimachitika kuti asapereke chilango.
Zolakwa Zowonongeka Potsatira Mutu 15
Poyambitsa ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya 15, mtsogoleri wamkulu ayenera kukhala ndi chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti wina wa lamulo lake anachita cholakwika pansi pa UCMJ. Mutu 15 umapatsa mphamvu woweruza kuti alange anthu chifukwa cha zolakwa zazing'ono . Mutu 15, UCMJ, ndi Part V, ndime 1e, MCM (1998 ed.), Amasonyeza kuti mawu akuti "kulakwitsa pang'ono" amatanthawuza kusayendetsa bwino osati zovuta kwambiri kuposa zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwira mwatsatanetsatane mndandanda wa milandu (komwe chilango chachikulu chikutsekeredwa masiku makumi atatu). Zomwezi zikuwonetsanso kuti chikhalidwe cha zolakwa ndi zochitika pambali yake ndizimene ziyenera kuganiziridwa pozindikira ngati "Kulakwira pang'ono" sikunaphatikizepo khalidwe loipa limene, ngati likuyesedwa ndi makhoti a milandu, likhoza kulangidwa ndi kutaya kapena kutsekeredwa mwachinyengo kwa zaka zoposa chaka chimodzi. udindo woti lingaliro lomaliza ngati cholakwa ndi "laling'ono" liri ndi luntha lomveka bwino.
Chikhalidwe chokhumudwitsa . Buku la Ma Courts-Martial, 1998 kope, likuwonetsanso mu Gawo V, para.
1, kuti, pozindikira ngati cholakwa ndi chochepa, "chikhalidwe cha cholakwa" chiyenera kuganiziridwa. Ndi mawu ofunika kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri samamvetsedwa ngati akunena za kuopsa kapena mphamvu yokopa. Mphamvu yokoka imatanthawuza chilango chachikulu chomwe chingatheke, komabe, ndipo pamakhala kukambirana kwakukulu mu ndimeyi. Mwachikhalidwe, chikhalidwe cha kulakwitsa chikutanthauza khalidwe lake, osati mphamvu yake. Mu lamulo lachigawenga la milandu, pali mitundu iwiri yoyipa ya khalidwe lolakwika-zolakwa ndi zolakwa. Kulakwitsa mwachinyengo ndizophwanya malamulo omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azitha kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Choncho, malamulo a pamsewu, zofuna zalamulo, kusamvera malamulo a usilikali, kulemekeza akuluakulu a usilikali, ndi zina zotero, ndizo zoperekera zilango. Mlanduwu umaphatikizapo zolakwitsa zomwe anthu ambiri amadziwika kuti ndizoipa (monga kuba, kugwiriridwa, kupha, kupweteka kwambiri, kupweteka, etc.).
Mitundu yonse ya zolakwa zimaphatikizapo kusadziletsa, koma kuphwanya malamulo kumaphatikizapo kupezeka kwakukulu kwa kudziletsa monga kufooka kwa makhalidwe. Zimachokera m'malingaliro makamaka osanyalanyaza makhalidwe abwino. Nthaŵi zambiri, zigawenga siziri zolakwika zazikulu ndipo, kawirikawiri, chilango chopitirira malire ndi chachikulu. Zolango zamalangizo, zowonjezereka, zimakhala zovuta kapena zochepa malinga ndi zochitikazo, choncho, pamene zolakwa zina zimapereka chilango chachikulu, lamulo limazindikira kuti zotsatira za zolakwa zina za chilango zidzakhala zochepa. Choncho, mawu akuti "chilango cholangizira" ogwiritsidwa ntchito mu Buku la Courts-Martial, mu 1998, amasankhidwa mosamala.
Mavuto . Zomwe zikuchitika potsatira lamulo lachilango ndizofunikira kutsimikiza kuti cholakwacho n'chochepa. Mwachitsanzo, kusamvera mwadala lamulo la kutenga zida ku bungwe lolimbanirana kungakhale ndi zotsatira zovulaza kwa omwe ali pankhondo ndipo, chifukwa chake, ndi nkhani yaikulu. Kusamvera mwakufuna kwa lamulo loti ulalikire kwa ophika zovala sikungakhudzidwe kwambiri ndi chilango. Cholakwacho chiyenera kupereka zowonjezera, ndipo zimatero chifukwa cha malipiro apamwamba kwambiri. Pochita zolakwa, mkulu wa asilikali ayenera kukhala womasuka kuganizira zotsatira za mkhalidwe kuyambira pamene akuonedwa kuti ndi woweruza wabwino; koma, poletsa milandu, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi chidwi chofanana ndi cha mkulu wa asilikali, ndipo omenyera milandu amapatsidwa zowonjezera zambiri. Choncho, kulingalira kwa mkuluyo pakulandira ziphuphu zakulangizi ndi kwakukulu kuposa momwe amachitira ndi zolakwa.
Kuponyedwa kwa NJP sikuli konse, kumaletsa milandu yoweruza milandu chifukwa cha kulakwa komweko. Onani Gawo V, para. 1, MCM (1998 ed.) Ndi tsamba 4-34. Kuonjezerapo, mutu 43 , wa UCMJ, umaletsa kuperekedwa kwa NJP zaka zoposa ziwiri pambuyo pake.
Nkhani zomwe zinayesedwa kale m'makhoti a boma . Malamulo a asilikali amalola kugwiritsa ntchito NJP kulanga munthu woweruzidwa chifukwa cha zolakwa zomwe adayesedwa ndi khoti lachimuna kapena lachilendo, kapena kuti mlandu wake wapatutsidwa chifukwa cha nthawi yowonongeka, kapena mlandu wake Oweruza a akuluakulu a khoti amavomerezedwa ngati apatsidwa mphamvu kuchokera kwa apolisi omwe akugwiritsa ntchito milandu ya milandu (Mu Air Force, chilolezocho chingaperekedwe ndi Mlembi wa Air Force).
NJP mwina sichiyenera kukhazikitsidwa pachitetezo choyesedwa ndi khothi chomwe chimachokera ku United States, monga khoti la chigawo cha Federal.
Mwachiwonekere, milandu yomwe mndandanda wa chidziwitso cha kulakwa kapena kusalakwa kwafikiridwa mu mayesero ndi bwalo la milandu sangathe kutengedwa kupita ku NJP. Komabe, mfundo yomaliza yomwe amachotsedwa ku nduna ya milandu asanayambe kufufuza pogwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe a NJP sakudziwika bwino .
Zolakwa zochotsedwa . Akuluakulu oyang'anira ndi maofesi omwe akuyang'anira angathe kutaya zolakwa zazing'ono zomwe zimakhalapo pamtunda ku NJP. Pokhapokha ngati palibe chifukwa chomveka chotsutsana ndi boma, palibe malire pa ulamuliro wa akuluakulu ankhondo kuthetsa zolakwa zoterezi ku NJP.
Zambiri Zokhudza Nkhani 15
- Ufulu Wopanda Chilango
- Malire a Chilango
- Mayankho Osalongosoka
Zomwe zimachokera ku Buku Lopereka Chilungamo Chachilungamo ndi Zigawo Zachikhalidwe