Article 111 UCM; Kuledzera kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosasamala kwa galimoto, ndege, kapena chotengera
Malemba .
"Munthu aliyense pamutu uno amene-
(1) amagwira ntchito kapena kuyendetsa galimoto, ndege, kapena chotengera chilichonse mosasamala kapena mwachisawawa kapena panthawi yovuta ndi chinthu chofotokozedwa mu chaputala 912a (b) cha mutuwu ( Article 112a (b)) , kapena
(2) amagwira ntchito kapena akuyendetsa galimoto iliyonse, ndege, kapena chotengera panthawi yomwe amwedzera kapena pamene kumwa mowa mwazi wa munthu kapena kupuma kuli kofanana kapena kupitirira mlingo woletsedwa pansi pa ndime (b), monga momwe kusonyezedwera kwa mankhwala , adzapatsidwa chilango ngati makhothi amatha kutsogolera.
Gawo b
(1) Zolinga za ndime (a), mlingo woyenera wa ndondomeko ya mowa m'magazi a munthu kapena mpweya uli motere:
(A) Pankhani ya ntchito kapena kuyendetsa galimoto, ndege, kapena chotengera ku United States, msinkhu ndi ndondomeko ya mowa wamagazi yomwe imaletsedwa malinga ndi lamulo la boma limene khalidweli linkachitika, kupatulapo momwe angaperekere pansi ndime (b) (2) za kayendetsedwe ka asilikali omwe ali m'Nyumba imodzi, kapena ndondomeko yoledzeretsa ya mowa yomwe ikufotokozedwa mu ndime (b) (3).
(B) Pankhani ya kuyendetsa galimoto, ndege, kapena chotengera kunja kwa United States, mlingo ndi ndondomeko ya zakumwa zamagazi zomwe zafotokozedwa mu ndime (b) (3) kapena m'munsimu monga Mlembi wa Chitetezo angakhale mwa lamulo limapereka.
(2) Pankhani ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa asilikali kumayiko ambiri, ngati mayikowo ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana osiyanitsa magazi awo oletsedwa mu malamulo a boma, Mlembi wokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsa angasankhe njira imodzi yogwiritsira ntchito mofananamo pa unsembe umenewo.
(3) Potsatila ndime (b) (1), msinkhu wa ndondomeko ya mowa wotsekedwa m'magazi a munthu ndi 0.10 magalamu kapena mowa wambiri pa mililita 100 ya magazi ndipo pokhudzana ndi kumwa mowa pamutu wa munthu ndi 0.10 magalamu kapena mowa kwambiri pa mpweya wa malita 210, monga momwe kusonyezedwera kwa mankhwala. "
(4) M'chigawo chino, mawu akuti "United States" akuphatikizapo District of Columbia, Commonwealth ya Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, ndi American Samoa, ndipo "State" ikuphatikiza malamulo onsewa. "
Zinthu
(1) Kuti woimbidwa mlandu anali kugwira ntchito kapena kuyendetsa galimoto, ndege, kapena chotengera; ndi
(2) Kuti pamene akugwira ntchito kapena akuyendetsa galimoto, ndege, kapena chotengera, woweruzidwa kuti:
(a) adachita motero kapena mosasamala, kapena
(b) anali ataledzera kapena olemala, kapena
(c) kumwa mowa mwachangu mwa magazi kapena mpweya wotsutsidwa, monga momwe kuwonetsedwera kwa mankhwala akuyendera, kunali kofanana kapena kupitirira pazifukwa zomwe zatchulidwa pa ndime b pamwamba.
(3) Kuti woimbidwa mlanduyo amachititsa kuti galimoto, ndege, kapena chombo chivulaze munthu.
Kufotokozera
(1) Galimoto. Onani - 1 USC § 4.
(2) Chombo. Onani - 1 USC § 3.
(3) Ndege . Njira iliyonse yogwiritsidwa ntchito kapena yokonzekera mlengalenga.
(4) amagwira ntchito . Kugwiritsira ntchito galimoto, ndege, kapena chotengera sichikutanthauza kuyendetsa galimoto, ndege, kapena chotengera pamene ikuyenda, kaya mwa munthu kapena pamagulu ena, komanso kumagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yake yogwiritsira ntchito kapena kuyendetsa kuyendetsa pofuna kuyendetsa galimoto, ndege kapena chotengera.
(5) Kulamulira thupi ndi kulamulira kwenikweni . Mawu awa monga momwe agwiritsidwira ntchito mu lamulo ali ofanana. Amasonyeza kuti ali ndi mphamvu komanso mphamvu zogonjetsa, kuyendetsa kapena kuyendetsa galimoto, chotengera, kapena ndege, kaya mwa munthu kapena pamagulu ena, mosasamala kanthu kuti galimoto, ndege, kapena chotengerachi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, munthu woledzera wakhala pafupi ndi gudumu la galimoto ali ndi mafungulo a galimoto kapena pafupi ndi kutentha koma injini yopanda kutembenuzidwa ikhoza kuwonedwa kuti ikuyendetsa galimotoyo.
Komabe, munthu amene wagona kumbuyo kwa mpando wakutsogolo ndi mafungulo mu thumba lake sangaoneke ngati akuwongolera kwenikweni. Kuteteza thupi kumaphatikizapo ntchito.
(6) Oledzera kapena olemala . "Kumwa" ndi "kufooketsa" kumatanthauza kumwa mowa kulikonse komwe kumapangitsa kuti munthu asamagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera komanso mokwanira. Mawu akutiledzera amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera ndi kuledzeretsa ndi mowa. Mawu osokonezekawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera ndi kuledzeredwa ndi mankhwala omwe akufotokozedwa mu - Article 112 (a) , Malamulo Ofanana a Chilungamo cha Military.
(7) Osakanikizika . Opaleshoni kapena kayendetsedwe ka galimoto, chotengera, kapena ndege zimakhala "zopanda pake" pamene zikunyalanyaza zotsatira zowonongeka kwa ena kuchitapo kanthu kapena zolephereka. Kupanda kukondweretsedwa sikungotangidwira kokha chifukwa cha kuchitika kwa chovulala, kapena kuwukira kwa ufulu wa wina, kapena umboni wopezeka mofulumira kwambiri kapena ntchito yolakwika, koma zonsezi zikhoza kukhala zovomerezeka komanso zogwirizana ndi funso lofunika kwambiri: kaya, ponseponse, njira yomwe woweruzayo amagwira ntchito kapena kuyendetsa galimoto, chotengera, kapena ndege inali yachinyengo chomwe chinapangitsa anthu okhalamo, kapena kuti ufulu kapena chitetezo cha ena. Zimagwira ntchito kapena kuyendetsa galimoto, chotengera, kapena ndege zoganizira kwambiri kuti ngati imfa idzapangidwe, woweruzayo akanachita modzipha, mosakayikira. Mtundu wa zinthu zomwe galimoto, chotengera, kapena ndege zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena nthawi, masana kapena usiku, pafupi ndi magalimoto ena, zombo, kapena ndege ndi chikhalidwe cha galimoto, chotengera, kapena ndege, kawirikawiri nkhani zofunika kwambiri pakutsimikiziridwa kuti wapalamula mlandu wotsutsana ndi nkhaniyi ndipo, pamene ali ofunikira, zikhoza kunenedwa bwino.
(8) Wanton . "Wanton" imaphatikizapo "osasamala", koma pofotokoza ntchito kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa galimoto, chotengera, kapena "chombo" cha ndege, pokhapokha, zikutanthauza kukonda, kapena kunyalanyaza zotsatira zowonjezereka, motero zimalongosola zovuta kwambiri chokhumudwitsa.
(9) Causation . Kuwotcha mowa kapena kusayendetsa mosayenerera kumakhala koyipa kwambiri kwa munthu amene akuimbidwa mlandu wolakwitsa kapena wosayendetsa galimoto zomwe zimapweteka. Kuti akhale pafupi, zochita za woweruzidwa siziyenera kukhala zokhazo zokhazokha, komanso siziyenera kukhala zomwe zimayambitsa zovulaza, ndiko kuti, posachedwapa mu nthawi ndi malo omwe amatsogolera kuvulaza. Chifukwa chothandizira chimawoneka kuti chikuyandikira kokha ngati icho chimawathandiza kuvulazidwa.
(10) Kusiyanitsa zolakwa . Ngakhale kuti khalidwe lomwelo lingapangitse kuphwanya zigawo ziwiri (1) ndi (2) za mutuwu, mwachitsanzo, ntchito zoledzeretsa ndi zopanda ntchito kapena zolimbitsa thupi, nkhaniyi imatsimikizira kuti khalidweli likufotokozedwa kuti ndi zosiyana, zomwe zingakhale zolakwika. amalekanitsidwa mosiyana. Komabe, monga kusayesayesa kulibe kanthu, umboni wa zozungulira zonse zomwe zinachititsa kuti opaleshoniyo ikhale yoopsa, kaya atero kapena ayi, ikhoza kuvomerezedwa. Choncho, chifukwa cha kuyendetsa galimoto mopanda nzeru, mwachitsanzo, umboni wa kuledzera ukhoza kukhala wolandiridwa monga kukhazikitsa mbali imodzi ya kusalabadira, ndi umboni wakuti galimotoyo inadutsa mofulumira bwino, pa nthawi yoyenera ndi nthawi, ingakhale yolandiridwa monga kuthandizira ena umboni wonyalanyazidwa wodalirika. Mofananamo, poyendetsa galimoto yoledzera, umboni wodalirika wosayesayesa ukhoza kukhala ndi phindu lothandizira kutsimikizira umboni wina wa kuledzera.
Zophatikizapozo zinali zolakwika
(1) Ntchito yopanda ntchito kapena yovuta kapena yosokonekera kapena chowongolera thupi. Mutu 110-kuwonongeka kosayenera kwa chotengera.
(2) Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa kwa galimoto, chotengera, kapena ndege pamene akuledzera kapena ali ndi magazi kapena kupuma mofulumira mowa mosemphana ndi zomwe zimafotokozedwa payekha.
(a) Mutu 110-kuopsa kosayenera kwa chotengera
(b) Ndime 112 -dunk on duty
(c) Ndime 134 - zopanda pake pa malo
Chilango chachikulu
(1) Kupeza zovulaza . Kutaya kosasinthika, kuchotsedwa kwa malipiro onse ndi malipiro, ndi kutsekeredwa kundende kwa miyezi 18.
(2) Palibe chovulaza chomwe chimakhudzidwa . Kuchotsa mchitidwe woipa, kutayidwa kwa malipiro onse ndi malipiro, ndi kutsekeredwa kwa miyezi 6.
Mfundo Zapamwamba kuchokera ku Buku la Malamulo ku Khothi Lalikulu, 2002, Chaputala 4, Ndime 35