Mutu 90: Kupha kapena kusamvera mwadala mkulu wotsogoleredwa
Malemba:
"Munthu aliyense pamutu uno amene-
(1) amenyana ndi mkulu wake wapamwamba kapena akukweza kapena kunyamula chida chilichonse kapena kupereka chiwawa chilichonse payekha pamene akugwira ntchito yake; kapena
(2) osamvera mwadala lamulo lovomerezeka la woyang'anira wamkulu; adzalangidwa, ngati chilango chikuchitika m'nthawi ya nkhondo, imfa kapena chilango china monga khoti la milandu likhoza kutsogolera, ndipo ngati cholakwacho chitaperekedwa nthawi ina iliyonse, chilango choterocho, osati imfa, ngati khoti -magawo amatha kuwatsogolera. "
Zinthu
(1) Kupondereza kapena kumenyana ndi mkulu wapamwamba .
(a) Woweruzayo adagwira, akukoka, kapena kukweza chida chotsutsana nacho, kapena kupereka chiwawa kwa wotsogoleredwa;
(b) Kuti msilikaliyo ndiye woyang'anira wamkulu wotsutsidwa;
(c) Kuti woimbidwa mlanduyo adziwa kuti apolisi ndiye wapolisi wamkulu wotsutsidwa; ndi
(d) Kuti mkulu wotsogoleredwayo ndiye kuti athandizidwa.
(2) Kugonjetsa mkulu wotumidwa .
(a) Kuti woweruzidwa adalandira lamulo lovomerezeka kuchokera kwa wapolisi wina;
(b) Kuti msilikali uyu anali woyang'anira wamkulu wotsutsidwa;
(c) Kuti woimbidwa mlanduyo adziwa kuti apolisi ameneyu ndiye wamkulu wotsogozedwa; ndi
(d) Kuti woweruzayo mwadala asamvere lamulo lovomerezeka.
Kufotokozera
(1) Kupondereza kapena kumenyana ndi mkulu wapamwamba .
(a) Malingaliro .
(b) Kutayidwa kwa ofesi .
Wofesayo ali mu ofesi yomwe akugwira ntchito iliyonse kapena ntchito yofunikila kapena yogwirizana ndi mgwirizano, lamulo, lamulo, dongosolo la apamwamba, kapena ntchito za usilikali. Kawirikawiri, kulimbikitsa kapena kugwiritsira ntchito chiwawa kwa mkulu wina aliyense yemwe ali ndi udindo wa wogwira ntchitoyo kuti asunge chilango panthaŵiyo kungawononge kapena kugwiritsira ntchito nkhanza kwa apolisi pakugwira ntchito.
Mtsogoleri wolowa m'ngalawamo kapena kapitawo wamkulu wa bungwe kumunda nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti ali pantchito nthawi zonse.
(c) Chidziwitso . Ngati woweruzayo sakudziwa kuti wapolisiyo ndi wamkulu wotsogozedwa, woimbidwa mlanduyo sangaweruzidwe ndi mlanduwu. Kudziwa kungatsimikizidwe ndi umboni wodalirika.
(d) Kuteteza . Potsutsana ndi kupha kapena kupweteka wogwira ntchito wapamwamba potsutsana ndi nkhaniyi, ndizo chitetezo kuti woweruzidwayo akugwira ntchito yoyenera, kapena kuti wozunzidwayo amachitira mwatsatanetsatane kuti atetezedwe za ndimeyi ( onani - ndime 13c (5) ). Mwachitsanzo, ngati wozunzidwayo atayambitsa chigamulo choletsedwa kwa woweruzidwa, izi zikanatha kulepheretsa wogwidwa ndi chitetezo cha nkhaniyi, ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, akanakhoza kukhululukira ena ochepa kuphatikizapo kulakwitsa monga momwe adachitetezera, malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili ( onani ndime 54c; RCM 916 ().
(i) Wapolisi wapamwamba . Tanthauzo la ndime - 13c (1) ( a ) ndi ( b ) likugwiritsidwa ntchito apa komanso ndime yachiwiri (2).
(ii) Kumenyedwa . "Mliri" amatanthawuza mwakufuna, ndipo umakhudza kulimbikako kulikonse kokhumudwitsa kwa munthu wa msilikali, ngakhale pang'ono.
(iii) Amakoka kapena kunyamula zida zilizonse zotsutsa . Mawu akuti "amakokera kapena kunyamula zida zilizonse zotsutsana" zikuphatikizapo chiwawa chilichonse chophweka chomwe chinaperekedwa mwa njira yomwe yanena. Kujambula kwa chida chilichonse mwaukali kapena kukweza kapena kufotokoza mofananamo poopseza pamaso pathu ndi kwapamwamba ndi mtundu wa ntchito yoletsedwa. Chikwama cha mfuti, kaya ndi chosasakanizidwa, kapena chidawopseza, kapena china chilichonse chimene chimapwetekedwa kapena kuvulala kwakukulu chimaphatikizapo "kukweza mmwamba".
(iv) Amapereka chiwawa chilichonse . Mawu akuti "amapereka chiwawa chilichonse" akuphatikizapo mtundu uliwonse wa batri kapena chiwawa sanagwiranepo mawu akuti "kugunda" ndi "kukoka kapena kukweza." Ngati sichiphedwa, chiwawa chiyenera kuyesedwa kapena kuopsezedwa. Kuwopsyeza m'mawu sikumapereka chiwawa pamfundoyi.
(2) Kugonjetsa mkulu wotumidwa .
(a) Kuvomerezeka kwa lamuloli .
(i) Kutengeka kwa malamulo . Lamulo lofuna kugwira ntchito ya usilikali kapena kuchita lingakhale lovomerezeka kuti liloledwe ndipo silingamvere pangozi ya wogonjera. Mawuwa sagwiritsidwa ntchito ku dongosolo loletsedwa mwalamulo, monga lomwe limatsogolera ntchito ya mlandu.
(ii) Mphamvu ya wogwira ntchito . Ofesi yoyang'anira ntchitoyi iyenera kukhala ndi ulamuliro wopereka lamulo. Chilolezo chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo, malamulo, kapena mwambo wa utumiki
- (iii) Kugwirizana ndi ntchito ya usilikali . Lamuloli liyenera kugwirizana ndi ntchito za usilikali, zomwe zikuphatikizapo ntchito zonse zofunika kukwaniritsa nkhondo, kapena kutchinjiriza kapena kukweza malingaliro, chidziwitso, ndi zothandiza kwa mamembala ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi kukonzekera bwino mu ntchito. Lamulolo likhoza kukhala, popanda cholinga choyenera cha asilikali, kusokoneza ufulu waumwini kapena zochitika zaumwini. Komabe, chidziwitso cha chikumbumtima cha munthu, chipembedzo, kapena nzeru zake sizingamveke kapena kusakhululukira kusamvera kwa lamulo loletsedwa. Kusamvera lamulo lomwe liri ndi cholinga chenicheni chokhalira kukwaniritsa mapeto ena, kapena chomwe chimaperekedwa cholinga chokha chowonjezera chilango cha cholakwa chimene akuyembekezeredwa kuti woweruza angachichite, sichidzalangidwa pansi pa mutu uno.
(iv) Kugwirizana ndi ufulu walamulo . Lamulolo siliyenera kutsutsana ndi ufulu walamulo kapena malamulo a munthu amene alandira dongosolo.
(b) Chikhalidwe cha mtunduwo . Lamuloli liyenera kulunjikidwa mwachindunji kwa wogonjera. Kuphwanya malamulo, kulemba malamulo kapena malangizo, kapena kulephera kugwira ntchito zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale sizowonongeka pamutu uno koma kungaphwanya Mutu 92 .
(c) Kupanga ndi kutumiza uthenga . Malinga ngati dongosololi likumveka, mtundu wa dongosolo ndi wosasintha, monga momwe amachitira kwa wotsutsidwa.
(d) Mwapadera za dongosolo . Lamuloli liyenera kukhala lamulo lapadera lochita kapena kuti lisamachitepo kanthu. Chilimbikitso cha "kumvera lamulo" kapena kuchita ntchito za usilikali sikuti ndi lamulo pansi pa nkhaniyi.
(e) Chidziwitso . Wotsutsidwa ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chenicheni cha dongosololo komanso kuti munthu amene wapereka lamulolo ndiye wapolisi wamkulu wotsutsidwa. Chidziwitso chenicheni chikhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi umboni wodalirika.
(f) Chikhalidwe cha kusamvera . "Kusamvera mwadala" ndiko kutsutsa mwamphamvu ulamuliro. Kulephera kutsatira lamulo mwa kusamvera, kukhumudwa, kapena kukuiwala sikuli kuphwanya nkhaniyi koma kungaphwanyidwe Ndime 92.
(g) Nthawi yotsatila . Pamene lamulo likufuna kutsata mwamsanga, woimbidwa mlandu akufuna kutsimikiza kuti asamvere ndipo kulephera kusuntha kulimbikitsa kusamvera. Ngati lamulo silikuwonetseratu nthawi yomwe liyenera kutsatiridwa, kaya mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji, ndiye kuti kuchedwa koyenera kutsata sikutsutsana ndi nkhaniyi. Ngati lamulo likufuna kuchitapo kanthu mtsogolomu, ndondomeko yotsimikiziridwa yotsimikiziridwa ya cholinga cha kusamvera lamuloli sizimvera kusamvera kwa lamuloli, ngakhale kuti cholingacho chikhoza.
(3) Anthu wamba komanso amamasulidwe . Wamasulidwe kapena anthu ena omwe akukhala ndi malamulo a usilikali ( onani ndime 2 ) ndipo pansi pa lamulo la wogwila ntchito, akutsatira zomwe zili mu mutu uno.
Zapang'ono kuphatikizapo zolakwa.
(1) Kulimbana ndi mkulu wotsogoleredwa pomaliza ntchito .
(a) Nkhani ya 90-kujambula kapena kukweza chida kapena kupereka chiwawa kwa mkulu wotumidwa pa ntchito
(b) Ndime 128 -kusintha; chiwonongeko chogwedezeka ndi batri; kumenya ndi chida choopsa
(c) Ndime 128 - kusokoneza kapena kugwidwa ndi batri wotsogola wotsogola osati pa ntchito
(d) Ndime 80 -zigawo
(2) Kujambula kapena kukweza chida kapena kupereka chiwawa kwa mkulu wotumidwa pa ntchito .
(a) Ndime 128 - kusokoneza, kumenya ndi chida choopsa
(b) Ndime 128 - kusankhidwa kwa wogwila ntchito pokhapokha atapatsidwa ofesi
(c) Ndime 80 -zigawo
(3) Osamvera mwadala lamulo lovomerezeka la mkulu wotsogola.
(a) Mutu 92 -kuthandizani kuti muzimvera malamulo ovomerezeka
(b) Ndime 89 - kupatulapo mkulu wotsogola
(c) Ndime 80 -zigawo
Chilango chachikulu.
(1) Kuwongolera, kukoka, kapena kukweza chida chilichonse kapena kupereka chiwawa chilichonse kwa mkulu wotumidwa pa ntchito . Kutaya kosasinthika, kutayidwa kwa malipiro onse ndi malipiro, ndi kutsekeredwa kundende zaka 10.
(2) Osamvera mwadala lamulo lovomerezeka la mkulu wotsogola . Kutaya kosasinthika, kutayidwa kwa malipiro onse ndi malipiro, ndi kutsekeredwa kwa zaka zisanu.
(3) Mu nthawi ya nkhondo . Imfa kapena chilango chofanana ndi khothi-milandu ikhoza kutsogolera.
Nkhani Yotsatira > Article 91 - Makhalidwe abwino kwa wogwira ntchito, wogwira ntchito, kapena wamkulu>
Mfundo Zapamwamba kuchokera ku Buku la Milandu Yachiweruzo, 2002, Chaputala 4, Ndime 14
- (iii) Kugwirizana ndi ntchito ya usilikali . Lamuloli liyenera kugwirizana ndi ntchito za usilikali, zomwe zikuphatikizapo ntchito zonse zofunika kukwaniritsa nkhondo, kapena kutchinjiriza kapena kukweza malingaliro, chidziwitso, ndi zothandiza kwa mamembala ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi kukonzekera bwino mu ntchito. Lamulolo likhoza kukhala, popanda cholinga choyenera cha asilikali, kusokoneza ufulu waumwini kapena zochitika zaumwini. Komabe, chidziwitso cha chikumbumtima cha munthu, chipembedzo, kapena nzeru zake sizingamveke kapena kusakhululukira kusamvera kwa lamulo loletsedwa. Kusamvera lamulo lomwe liri ndi cholinga chenicheni chokhalira kukwaniritsa mapeto ena, kapena chomwe chimaperekedwa cholinga chokha chowonjezera chilango cha cholakwa chimene akuyembekezeredwa kuti woweruza angachichite, sichidzalangidwa pansi pa mutu uno.
(iv) Kugwirizana ndi ufulu walamulo . Lamulolo siliyenera kutsutsana ndi ufulu walamulo kapena malamulo a munthu amene alandira dongosolo.
(b) Chikhalidwe cha mtunduwo . Lamuloli liyenera kulunjikidwa mwachindunji kwa wogonjera. Kuphwanya malamulo, kulemba malamulo kapena malangizo, kapena kulephera kugwira ntchito zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale sizowonongeka pamutu uno koma kungaphwanya Mutu 92 .
(c) Kupanga ndi kutumiza uthenga . Malinga ngati dongosololi likumveka, mtundu wa dongosolo ndi wosasintha, monga momwe amachitira kwa wotsutsidwa.
(d) Mwapadera za dongosolo . Lamuloli liyenera kukhala lamulo lapadera lochita kapena kuti lisamachitepo kanthu. Chilimbikitso cha "kumvera lamulo" kapena kuchita ntchito za usilikali sikuti ndi lamulo pansi pa nkhaniyi.
(e) Chidziwitso . Wotsutsidwa ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chenicheni cha dongosololo komanso kuti munthu amene wapereka lamulolo ndiye wapolisi wamkulu wotsutsidwa. Chidziwitso chenicheni chikhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi umboni wodalirika.
(f) Chikhalidwe cha kusamvera . "Kusamvera mwadala" ndiko kutsutsa mwamphamvu ulamuliro. Kulephera kutsatira lamulo mwa kusamvera, kukhumudwa, kapena kukuiwala sikuli kuphwanya nkhaniyi koma kungaphwanyidwe Ndime 92.
(g) Nthawi yotsatila . Pamene lamulo likufuna kutsata mwamsanga, woimbidwa mlandu akufuna kutsimikiza kuti asamvere ndipo kulephera kusuntha kulimbikitsa kusamvera. Ngati lamulo silikuwonetseratu nthawi yomwe liyenera kutsatiridwa, kaya mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji, ndiye kuti kuchedwa koyenera kutsata sikutsutsana ndi nkhaniyi. Ngati lamulo likufuna kuchitapo kanthu mtsogolomu, ndondomeko yotsimikiziridwa yotsimikiziridwa ya cholinga cha kusamvera lamuloli sizimvera kusamvera kwa lamuloli, ngakhale kuti cholingacho chikhoza.
(3) Anthu wamba komanso amamasulidwe . Wamasulidwe kapena anthu ena omwe akukhala ndi malamulo a usilikali ( onani ndime 2 ) ndipo pansi pa lamulo la wogwila ntchito, akutsatira zomwe zili mu mutu uno.
Zapang'ono kuphatikizapo zolakwa.
(1) Kulimbana ndi mkulu wotsogoleredwa pomaliza ntchito .
(a) Nkhani ya 90-kujambula kapena kukweza chida kapena kupereka chiwawa kwa mkulu wotumidwa pa ntchito
(b) Ndime 128 -kusintha; chiwonongeko chogwedezeka ndi batri; kumenya ndi chida choopsa
(c) Ndime 128 - kusokoneza kapena kugwidwa ndi batri pa wogwila nchito, osati kuntchito
(d) Ndime 80 -zigawo
(2) Kujambula kapena kukweza chida kapena kupereka chiwawa kwa mkulu wotumidwa pa ntchito .
(a) Ndime 128 - kusokoneza, kumenya ndi chida choopsa
(b) Ndime 128 - kusankhidwa kwa wogwila ntchito pokhapokha atapatsidwa ofesi
(c) Ndime 80 -zigawo
(3) Osamvera mwadala lamulo lovomerezeka la mkulu wotsogola.
(a) Mutu 92 -kuthandizani kuti muzimvera malamulo ovomerezeka
(b) Ndime 89 - kupatulapo mkulu wotsogola
(c) Ndime 80 -zigawo
Chilango chachikulu.
(1) Kuwongolera, kukoka, kapena kukweza chida chilichonse kapena kupereka chiwawa chilichonse kwa mkulu wotumidwa pa ntchito . Kutaya kosasinthika, kutayidwa kwa malipiro onse ndi malipiro, ndi kutsekeredwa kundende zaka 10.
(2) Osamvera mwadala lamulo lovomerezeka la mkulu wotsogola . Kutaya kosasinthika, kutayidwa kwa malipiro onse ndi malipiro, ndi kutsekeredwa kwa zaka zisanu.
(3) Mu nthawi ya nkhondo . Imfa kapena chilango chofanana ndi khothi-milandu ikhoza kutsogolera.
Nkhani Yotsatira > Article 91 - Makhalidwe abwino kwa wogwira ntchito, wogwira ntchito, kapena wamkulu>
Mfundo Zapamwamba kuchokera ku Buku la Milandu Yachiweruzo, 2002, Chaputala 4, Ndime 14