Msilikali wa asilikali a 1918
Panthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni, United States Congress inakhazikitsa mwatsatanetsatane zochitika zapachiŵeniŵeni zomwe zinagonjetsedwa ndi asilikali a Federal ndi oyendetsa sitima, ndipo mayiko osiyanasiyana akummwera adakhazikitsa malamulo ofanana.
Panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, Congress inapereka lamulo la Civil Relief Act la 1918 la asilikali ndi asilikali oyendetsa sitimayo. Lamulo la 1918 silinakhazikitse ntchito zotsutsana ndi anthu ogwira ntchito, koma linayankha makhoti akuzengereza kuti atengepo kanthu kalikonse koyenera pamene ufulu wa wothandizira anali akukangana pa kutsutsana.
Mu 1940, lamuloli linalembedwanso kwathunthu, kuti lipititse chitetezo chalamulo kwa mamembala. Zomwe zinachitika pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse ndi mikangano yotsutsana pambuyo pake inasintha zina mwalamulo. Choyamba cha kusintha kumeneku kunakhala lamulo mu 1942. Potsutsa Chilamulo, Congress inalimbikitsidwa, mwa zina, ndi chikhumbo chokweza milandu ya milandu yomwe, nthawi zina, inachititsa kuti zisamveke zovuta za lamulolo. Chochitikachi chinapitiriza kulandira kusintha kwakung'ono kwa zaka zambiri
Chigawo cha Civil Relief Act
Mu 2003, malamulo a Civil Relief Act analembedwanso kwathunthu ndipo amatchulidwanso kuti Service Members Civil Relief Act .
Ndalamayi inasainidwa ndi Purezidenti Bush pa December 19, 2003. Lamuloli ndilo lamulo lomwe tsopano likuletsa kutetezedwa mwalamulo kwa mamembala a asilikali a United States .
Reservists ndi mamembala a National Guard (pamene akugwira ntchito mu federal) akutetezedwanso pansi pa SSCRA. SSCRA (ya onse) imayamba tsiku loyamba la ntchito yogwira ntchito, zomwe zikutanthawuza pamene munthuyo apita ku maphunziro apamwamba (Sukulu Yophunzitsa ndi Sukulu ya Ntchito imayesedwa ngati yogwira ntchito kwa Ogwira Ntchito ndi Ogwira Ntchito, komanso antchito ogwira ntchito).
Zomwe zimatetezedwa pansi pachitetezo zimaphatikizapo nthawi yochepa kupitirira kutaya kapena kutuluka kwa ntchito koma zimagwirizana ndi tsiku lomaliza. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zina mwa chitetezo cha Act chimaonjezera kwa omwe amadalira.
Mamembala a National Guard adakumbukira kuti ntchito za boma zimatetezedwa ndi bungwe la Civil Relief Act. Mamembala a National Guard ali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi chitetezo cha SCRA pamene akuitanidwa kuti agwire ntchito yogwira ntchito pansi pa mutu 32, ngati ntchitoyo ndi chifukwa cha boma ladzidzidzi, pempho la ntchito yogwira ntchito likupangidwa ndi Purezidenti kapena Mlembi wa Chitetezo, masiku 30. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi mamembala a National Guard omwe adavomerezedwa ndi mayikowo, pempho la Pulezidenti, kuti apereke chitetezo kwa ndege pambuyo pa 9-11.
Kuchotsedwa kwa Malo ogona
SCRA imalola anthu kuti agwetse mgwirizano wawo akapita ku ntchito yogwira ntchito ngati banjalo lidayendetsedwa musanayambe kugwira ntchito. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, chilolezocho chimalola wogwira ntchito kuti athetse chiwongoladzanja chokhalapo ngati ali m'gulu lankhondo ngati membalayo alandira maulamuliro osatha a PCS, kapena amalamulira kuti apite kwa masiku osachepera 90.
Chitetezochi chimaphatikizapo "kubwereketsa malo ogwiritsiridwa ntchito, kapena cholinga chogwira ntchito, ndi wogwira ntchito kapena wothandizira wothandizira anthu okhala, akatswiri, bizinesi, ulimi, kapena cholinga chomwecho."
Kuti athetse chigwirizano pansi pazigawozi, wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kupanga pempholi ndikulembapo malemba awo (malamulo omwe amawaika pamagwira ntchito, ma PCS, kapena maulamulidwe). Wogwirizanitsa akhoza kupereka chidziwitso ndi dzanja, ndi chithandizo cha malonda, kapena ndi makalata (pempho lofunsidwa pempho).
Tsiku lomaliza la lendi limene limafuna lendi pamwezi uliwonse, tsiku loyamba lachiwomali ndilo masiku 30 pambuyo pa tsiku loyamba limene kulipira komweku, chifukwa chodziwitsidwa bwino chochotseratu chiwongoladzanja. Mwachitsanzo, ngati Sgt John akulipira lendi tsiku loyamba la mwezi uliwonse, ndipo amauza mwini nyumbayo (ndipo amapatsa mwini nyumbayo malamulo ake), pa 18th June, akufuna kuti athetse mgwirizano wake SCRA, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa koyamba pa August 1 (renti yotsatira idzachitika pa July 1, ndipo patatha masiku 30 ndi August 1).
Ngati ndizokonzekera zina, kupatulapo kubwereka kwa mwezi, kukonzanso koyambirira kwa mweziwu ndi tsiku lotsiriza la mwezi, pamapeto pa mwezi womwe chidziwitsocho chaperekedwa. Kotero, ngati chidziwitso chikuperekedwa pa June 20, tsiku loyamba kutha tsikuli likanakhala pa July 31.
Nthawi zambiri ndimafunsidwa kuti, "Nanga bwanji ngati pali anthu ena omwe akufuna kubwereketsa? Kodi ndani ayenera kupanga lendi?" Osati mwini nyumba, ndizo zedi. Komanso, osati membala wothandizira. SCRA ili chete muderali. M'mayiko ambiri, vutoli likhoza kugwera kwa otsala okhala. Iwo amafunika kuti azigawira gawo la msilikali wa lendi kapena kupeza wina wokhala naye. SCRA imapatsa msilikali ufulu woyimitsa gawo lake la chigulitsiro mofulumira, koma lamulo silikufuna mwini nyumba kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zothandizira katunduyo, komanso lamulo siliteteza anthu omwe sakhala nawo kumalo ogwira nawo usilikali ( pokhapokha ngati iwo ali odalirika a membala).
Kulipira Magalimoto
Amishonale akhoza kuthetsa kukonza galimoto nthawi zina. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi malo ogona, ngati membala akulowa mu galimoto asanayambe kugwira ntchito, wothandizirayo angafunse kuti achotse ntchitoyo pamene akugwirabe ntchito. Komabe, kuti izi zitheke, ntchito yogwira ntchitoyo iyenera kukhala ya masiku osachepera 180. Kotero, ngati munthu alowetsa ku Reserves, ndipo anali ndi malamulo a maphunziro apamwamba ndi sukulu zamakono, zonse zomwe zinalipo masiku 120 okha, sakanatha kuthetsa kugulitsa galimoto pansi pa ntchitoyi.
Kuwonjezera apo, mamembala ankhondo omwe amasintha kusintha kosatha (PCS) akusunthira, kapena amene amathera masiku 180 kapena kupitirira angathetse mabungwe oterewa.
Chochitachi chimakhudza "kubwereka kwa galimoto imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena wogwira ntchito kapena wothandizira wothandizira paulendo waumwini kapena bizinesi."
Kuti athetse chigulitsiro, membalayo ayenera kupanga pempholi polembera, pamodzi ndi malemba. Wogwirizanitsa akhoza kupereka chidziwitso ndi dzanja, ndi chithandizo cha malonda, kapena ndi makalata (pempho lofunsidwa pempho). Kuonjezerapo, mamembala ayenera kubwezeretsa galimotoyo kwa osachepera masiku khumi ndi limodzi kuchokera pamene atulutsidwa.
Woperewera amaletsedwa kubwezera ndalama zowonongeka koyambirira. Komabe, misonkho, maulamuliro, ndi maudindo ndi malipiro olembetsa ndi zina zilizonse zofunika ndi udindo wa wogwira ntchitoyo malinga ndi malingaliro a kubwereketsa, kuphatikizapo zifukwa zomveka kwa wogulitsa ntchitoyo chifukwa cha kuvala kwina, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mileage, zomwe zimayenera kulipira nthawi yothetsa msonkhanowo idzaperekedwa ndi wogulitsa ntchitoyo.
Kuchotsedwa ku Nyumba Zokonzedwa
Wothandizira angafune chitetezo kuti achoke ku SSCRA. Malo obwerekedwa / okhomedwa ayenera kukhala ndi wogwira ntchitoyo kapena ogwira ntchitoyo kuti azikhalamo, ndipo lendi silingapitirire madola 2,400 (chifukwa cha 2004 - ndalama zenizeni zimasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, ndi chiwerengero cha inflation). Wothandizira kapena wothandizira amene walandira chidziwitso cha kutulutsidwa ayenera kupereka pempho ku khoti kuti atetezedwe pansi pa SSCRA. Ngati khoti likuwona kuti udindo wa asilikali wothandizira ntchitoyo wakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukhoza kwake kubweza ngongole yake nthawi yake, woweruzayo akhoza kulamula kuti asakhalenso, atayimilira, kuthamangitsidwa kwa miyezi itatu kapena kupanga china chilichonse "cholungama".
Mikangano ya Ma pulogalamu
SCRA imapereka chitetezo chotsutsana ndi zowonjezera zotsatizana (kuphatikizapo ngongole zamagalimoto). Ngati mgwirizanowo unalowedwa musanayambe kugwira ntchito mwakhama ndipo ndalamazo zisanapangidwe nthawi imeneyo, wobwereketsa sangathe kubwezeretsanso katunduyo, pamene wogwira ntchitoyo akugwira ntchito, komanso sangathe kuletsa mgwirizano wotsutsana , popanda lamulo .
Chiwongoladzanja cha 6%
Ngati wogwira ntchitoyo ali ndi udindo wothandizira usilikali kuti athe kulipira pazinthu zachuma monga makhadi a ngongole, ngongole, ndalama zowonjezera ndalama, etc., wogwira ntchitoyo akhoza kukhala ndi chiwongoladzanja chake pa 6% udindo wa usilikali.
Ndalama zoyenera ndizo ngongole zomwe zimagwiridwa ndi wogwira ntchito, kapena wogwira ntchitoyo ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi wawo, pamodzi, asanayambe kugwira ntchito mwakhama. Ngongole zomwe zimalowa pambuyo pochita ntchito yogwira ntchito sizitetezedwa.
Zindikirani kuti dongosolo lino la ntchitoyi limagwira ntchito ngati ntchito ya usilikali ikukhudza kuthekera kwawo. Komabe, cholemetsa chiri kwa wobwereketsa kuti apeze chithandizo ku khoti ngati wobwereketsa akukhulupirira kuti ntchito ya usilikali sagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zake. Wokongoza ngongole ayenera kumutsatira pokhapokha atapeza chilolezo cha khoti chomwe akunena mosiyana.
Kuti udindo kapena udindo wa wothandizira athandizidwe ndi chiwongoladzanja, wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kupereka kwa mwiniwakeyo chidziwitso ndi kopereka malamulo a asilikali omwe amachititsa kuti wogwira ntchitoyo azipita usilikali komanso malamulo omwe angapititse asilikali utumiki, pasanathe masiku 180 pambuyo pa tsiku limene wogwira ntchitoyo achotsedwa kapena kumasulidwa ku ntchito ya usilikali.
Atalandira chidziwitso, wobwereketsayo ayenera kuchepetsa chiwongoladzanja cha chiwongoladzanja mpaka pazigawo zoposa 6 peresenti, kugwira ntchito tsiku loyamba la ntchito yogwira ntchito (ngakhale servicemember apanga pempho nthawi ina).
Lamulo likunena momveka bwino kuti palibe chiwongoladzanja choposa 6 peresenti chomwe chingakwaniritse udindo wa ngongole pamene mukugwira ntchito (chifukwa cha ngongole zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito musanayambe kugwira ntchito), komanso ndalamazo zingakhalepo pokhapokha pamene wogwira ntchitoyo achoka pantchito (yomweyi inali "chinyengo" "ena okongoza ngongole amayesedwa pansi pa lamulo lakale) - mmalo mwake gawo lomwelo pamwamba pa 6 peresenti limakhululukidwa kosatha. Kuwonjezera apo, malipiro a mwezi uliwonse ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chidwi chomwe chinapulumutsidwa panthawi yomwe yaperekedwa.
Malamulo a Khoti
Ngati wogwira ntchito ndi wotsutsa pa khoti la milandu, khoti likhoza (lembani mawu akuti "mwina"), pokhapokha ngati akuyendetsa, perekani masiku 90 (kuchedwa) m'ndende. Ngati wogwira ntchitoyo akupempha kuti apitirize, khotilo liyenera kupereka masiku osachepera 90, ngati:
- The servicemember imapereka kalata kapena kulankhulana kwina komwe kumasonyeza momwe ntchito yamakono yatsopano ikukhudzidwira kuti mphamvu ya servicemember ionekere ndi kufotokoza tsiku limene servicemember idzawonekera; ndi
- The servicemember imapereka kalata kapena kulankhulana kwina kuchokera kwa woyang'anira wamkulu wa servicemember akuti ntchito ya asilikali ya actuicemember imalepheretsa maonekedwe komanso kuti kuchoka kwa usilikali sikuloledwa kwa servicemember pa nthawi ya kalata.
Chigwirizanochi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa milandu yokhudza milandu, suti za abambo, zosungirako ana, ndi osonkhanitsa ngongole / misonkhano ya ngongole, ndi ndondomeko za utsogoleri.
Chochitika chatsopanochi chimanena kuti servicemember kuyankhulana ndi khoti lopempha kuti akhalepo sikumayang'ana malamulo ndipo sizimapereka chilolezo cha chitetezo chilichonse chokhazikitsira (kuphatikizapo chitetezo chokhudzana ndi kusowa kwa ulamuliro waumwini). Pansi pachitidwe wakale, makhoti ena adanena kuti kungolankhula ndi khoti (mwachitsanzo, kupempha kuti apitirize, kutanthauza kuti membalayo adavomereza kukhoti).
Wothandizira amene wapatsidwa malo angapemphepo kuti apitirizebe kukhalapo ngati angasonyeze kuti zosowa za usilikali zimakhudza zomwe angathe kuoneka (kalata ya mtsogoleriyo ikufunikanso). Komabe, khoti silinakakamizidwa kuti lipereke zina zowonjezera.
Ngati khoti likukana kupereka nthawi yowonjezera, khotili liyenera kukhazikitsa uphungu kuti liyimire wothandizira pazochitika kapena kupitilira.
Ngati chigamulo chosasunthika chilowetsedwa pa chigamulo chotsutsana ndi wothandizira pa nthawi ya usilikali (kapena pasanathe masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi (60) kutatha kapena kutulutsidwa ku msonkhano wankhondo), khoti lolowa mu chigamulo liyenera, pamapeto pake m'malo mwa wothandizira, atsegulirenso chigamulo cha cholinga cha kulola wogwira ntchito kuti ateteze kuchitapo kanthu ngati zikuwoneka kuti-
- wogwira ntchitoyo anakhudzidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha utumiki wa usilikali pokonzekera kuchitapo kanthu; ndi
- wogwira ntchitoyo ali ndi chitetezo chovomerezeka kapena chalamulo kuchitapo kanthu kapena gawo lake.
Kutsata Udindo, Misonkho, Misonkho
Wothandizira kapena wodalirika, panthawi iliyonse yomwe amatha kumanga usilikali , kapena pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, atha ku khoti kuti athandizidwe ndi udindo kapena udindo wochitidwa ndi wogwira ntchito kapena wodalirika asanayambe kugwira ntchito kapena msonkho kapena kufufuza ngati kugwa panthawiyi kapena asanayambe kugwira ntchito ya usilikali. Khotilo lingapereke malo ogwiritsira ntchito panthawi yomwe palibe chabwino kapena chilango chingayambe.
Kuonjezerapo, chochitikacho chimalepheretsa mamembala a ma fomu kukhala ndi ma msonkho awiri omwe angathe kuchitika ngati ali ndi mwamuna yemwe amagwira ntchito ndipo amalembedwa mdziko lina osati dziko limene amakhalamo mokhazikika. Lamulo limaletsa dziko pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe munthu wothandizira amapeza pozindikira momwe amachitira msonkho wa mzimayiyo ngati sakukhala mwalamulo nthawi zonse.
Ufulu wa Ntchito
Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, palibe njira zopezera Ufulu wa Ntchito monga gawo la Asilikali ndi Oyendetsa Bungwe la Civil Relief Act. Ufulu wa ntchito ndilamulo losiyana, Lamulo la Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Act 1994 (USERRA) .