Zowona za United States Military (Nthambi Zonse)
Gulu lathu lokonzekera gulu la nkhondo ndi zotsatira za National Security Act ya 1947. Izi ndi zomwezo zomwe zinapanga United States Air Force, ndipo zinasintha "Dipatimenti Yachiwawa" kulowa mu "Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo."
Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo
Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo imatsogoleredwa ndi munthu wamba; Mlembi wa Chitetezo, amene amasankhidwa ndi Purezidenti wa United States ndikuvomerezedwa ndi Senate.
Pansi pa Mlembi wa Chitetezo, pali madokotala atatu: Dipatimenti ya asilikali, Dipatimenti ya Air Force, ndi Dipatimenti ya Navy. Dipatimenti iliyonse ya asilikali imayendetsedwa ndi anthu wamba; Mlembi wa asilikali, Mlembi wa Air Force, ndi Mlembi wa Navy. "Atolankhani" awa amasankhidwa ndi Purezidenti.
Pali nthambi zisanu za asilikali: Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, ndi Coast Guard. Ankhondo amalamulidwa ndi mkulu wa nyenyezi anayi, wotchedwa Chief Army Chief of Staff. Msilikali wamkulu wa asilikali amauza Mlembi wa Asilikali (pazinthu zambiri). Msilikali wapamwamba mu Air Force ndiye mkulu wa asilikali. Olemba nyenyezi anayi amafotokoza (kwazinthu zambiri) kwa Mlembi wa Air Force. Navy ikulamulidwa ndi admiral ya nyenyezi zinayi, yotchedwa Chief of Naval Operations. A Marines amalamulidwa ndi mkulu wazaka 4 wotchedwa Commandant of the Marine Corps .
Mkulu Woyendetsa Nkhondo ndi Marine Corps Commandant (chifukwa cha zambiri) kwa Mlembi wa Navy. Choncho inde, Marine Corps ndi mbali ya Navy.
Amayi awa " apolisi " amapanga gulu lotchedwa Joint Chiefs of Staff (JSC). Akuluakulu ogwira ntchito pamodzi ndi mafumu 4 a Atumiki, Vice-Chairman of Chief Joint Chiefs of Staff, ndi Pulezidenti wa Otsogolera Otsogolera.
Pulezidenti amasankhidwa ndi Pulezidenti ndikuvomerezedwa ndi Senate (monga ena a maudindo akuluakulu ndi mbendera). Pazochitika zothandizira (monga nkhondo kapena mikangano), JCS imapatsa alembi othandizira payekha ndikufotokozera Mlembi wa chitetezo ndi Pulezidenti.
Ntchito za Nthambi Zisanu za Msilikali
Ankhondo
Asilikali a United States ndiwo mphamvu yaikulu ya United States. Ntchito yaikulu ya asilikali ndi kuteteza ndi kuteteza dziko la United States (ndi zofuna zake) kudzera mwa asilikali apansi, zida zankhondo, zida zankhondo, ndege zamakono, zida za nyukiliya, etc. ndi Bungwe la Continental pa June 14, 1775. Asilikali ndiwonso akuluakulu a US Military Service. Nkhondoyo imathandizidwa ndi magulu awiri a zida zomwe zingapangidwire anthu ogwira ntchito komanso zipangizo zothandizira panthawi ya zosowa: Zombo za asilikali, ndi asilikali a National Guard. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa awiriwa ndikuti "Maiko" ali "a mwini" ndipo amatsogoleredwa ndi boma la federal, ndipo boma lirilonse "liri ndi" National Guard. Komabe, Pulezidenti wa United States kapena Mlembi wa Chitetezo akhoza "kuyika" mamembala a National Guard omwe ali m'gulu la asilikali mu nthawi ya zosowa.
Ogwira ntchito yogwira ntchito: 471,000.
Mphamvu Yachilengedwe
Mphepo yamtunda ndi yochepa kwambiri pomenyera nkhondo. Zisanafike 1947, Air Force inali gulu losiyana la asilikali. Ntchito yaikulu ya asilikali a Air Corps inali kuthandiza magulu ankhondo a nkhondo. Komabe, nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse inasonyeza kuti mphamvu ya mpweya inali ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa kungovomereza asilikali, choncho Air Force inakhazikitsidwa ngati ntchito yapadera. Ntchito yaikulu ya Air Force ndikuteteza dziko la United States (ndi zofuna zake) pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi malo. Kuti akwaniritse ntchitoyi, Air Force imapanga ndege zowomba, ndege zam'tchire, ndege zowomba komanso zoopsa, ndege zonyamula ndege, ndi ndege za helikopita (zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka populumutsa ndege zowonongeka, ndi ntchito yapadera). Air Force nayenso imayang'anira ma satellite onse a asilikali ndipo imayendetsa mabomba onse a dziko lathu.
Monga Army, ntchito yogwira Air Force imathandizidwa ndi Air Force Reserves , ndi Air National Guard . Ogwira ntchito yogwira ntchito: 322,000.
Navy
Monga Army, Navy inakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo ndi bungwe la Continental Congress mu 1775. Ntchito yaikulu ya Navy ndiyo kukhala ndi ufulu wa nyanja. Mphepete mwa Navy zimapangitsa kuti United States igwiritse ntchito nyanja ndi pamene zofuna zathu za dziko zimafuna. Kuwonjezera apo, panthawi ya nkhondo, Navy imathandizira kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mpweya wa Air Force. Anthu ogwira ndege okwera ndege amatha kupita kumadera kumene kulibe mipikisano yokhazikika. Munthu wonyamula ndege nthaŵi zambiri amanyamula ndege pafupifupi 80. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi amenya nkhondo kapena mabomba. Komanso, sitima zapamadzi zankhondo zimatha kuyendetsa mitunda kuchokera kutali kwambiri (ndi mfuti zolemetsa kwambiri), ndi mfuti. Nkhonya zam'madzi zam'madzi (kuthamanga mofulumira ndi missile yobisala) zimalola kuti adani athu atuluke m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Navy'nso makamaka ikuyendetsa kayendedwe ka Marines kumadera a nkhondo. Navy yogwira ntchitoyi ili ndi a 54,000 oyang'anira, ndi anthu 324,000 omwe analembetsa ntchito. Navy yathandizidwa panthawi ya kusowa kwa Naval Reserves. Komabe, mosiyana ndi Army ndi Air Force, palibe Naval National Guard (ngakhale kuti mayiko ena apanga "Naval Militias.")
Ogwira ntchito yogwira ntchito: 324,000
Marine Corps
Ma Marines amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito zamatsenga. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, chidziwitso chawo chachikulu ndi kuzunzidwa, kulanda, ndi kulamulira "mitu yamapiri," zomwe zimapereka njira yopsezera mdani kuchokera kumbali iliyonse. A Marines anakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo pa 10 November 1775 ndi bungwe la Continental Congress kuti likhale ngati dziko la United States Navy. Mu 1798, komabe Congress inakhazikitsa Marine Corps ngati ntchito yapadera. Ngakhale kuti ntchito za amphibious ndizofunikira kwambiri, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, a Marines akhala akuwonjezera ntchito zina zolimbanirana. A Marines kawirikawiri amakhala "mphamvu yowala" poyerekeza ndi ankhondo, motero amatha kutumizidwa mofulumira (ngakhale kuti ankhondo akhala akuyesetsa kwambiri "kuthamangitsa mofulumira" zaka zingapo zapitazo). Kulimbana ndi nkhondo, a Marines amakonda kukhala okhutira momwe angathere kotero kuti amakhalanso ndi mphamvu zawo za mpweya, zomwe zimapangidwa makamaka ndi zida zankhondo ndi zankhondo / mabomba komanso ndege zachilengedwe. Ngakhale zili choncho, ma Marines amagwiritsa ntchito Navy chifukwa cha zambiri zothandizira. Mwachitsanzo, palibe madotolo, anamwino, kapena madokotala a ku Marine Corps. Ngakhale mankhwala omwe amaphatikiza ndi Marines kumenyana ndi azamalonda ophunzitsidwa bwino.
Ogwira ntchito yogwira ntchito: 184,000
Chiwerengero cha anthu 2017: asilikali okwana 1.4 miliyoni, Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines
Coast Guard
United States Coast Guard inakhazikitsidwa poyamba monga Revenue Cutter Service mu 1790. Mu 1915, idasinthidwa ngati United States Coast Guard , pansi pa Treasury Department. Mu 1967, Coast Guard inasamutsidwa ku Dipatimenti Yogulitsa. Lamulo lomwe linaperekedwa mu 2002 linasamutsa Coast Guard kupita ku Dipatimenti Yopezeka Kwambiri. Mu nthawi yamtendere, Coast Guard ikuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi malamulo, kukonza bwato, kuthawa kwa nyanja, ndi kuletsedwa kwa anthu osamukira kudziko lina. Komabe, Purezidenti wa United States akhoza kutumiza gawo kapena onse a Coast Guard kupita ku Dipatimenti ya Navy pa nthawi ya nkhondo. Gombe la Coastli liri ndi ngalawa, boti, ndege ndi zinyanja zomwe zimayendetsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Gombe la Coast ndilo gawo laling'ono kwambiri la usilikali, ndipo apolisi pafupifupi 7,000 ndi 29,000 analembetsa ntchito. The Coast Guard imathandizidwanso ndi Coast Guard Reserves, komanso wodzipereka wothandiza "Coast Guard Wothandizira" panthawi yofunikira.
Pakhomo la Coast Guard amaonedwa ngati asilikali, chifukwa, panthawi ya nkhondo kapena kutsutsana, Purezidenti wa United States akhoza kutumiza katundu kapena katundu yense wa Coast Guard kupita ku Dipatimenti ya Navy. Ndipotu izi zakhala zikuchitika pafupifupi nkhondo iliyonse yomwe United States inayamba nayo. Coast Guard imalamulidwa ndi admiral 4, wotchedwa Coast Guard Commandant.
Ogwira ntchito yogwira ntchito: 36,000, koma ndi Reserves (7,000) ndi Othandizira (29,000)
Olemba ntchito
Amembala mamembala ndi "msana" wa asilikali. Iwo amachita ntchito zoyenera zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa. Amembala mamembala ndi "akatswiri." Iwo amaphunzitsidwa kuti apange zochitika zapadera mu usilikali. Olemba ntchito omwe akulembedwera amalembedwa (alipo asanu ndi anayi), amagwira ntchito zambiri, ndipo amayang'anira oyang'anira awo.
Olemba ntchito m'sukulu zina ali ndi udindo wapadera. M'gulu la asilikali, Air Force, ndi Marine Corps, udindo umenewu umadziwika kuti " Wopanda ntchito ," kapena "NCO." M'gulu la Navy ndi Coast Guard, olembedwa ngati amenewa ndi "Petty Officers." Mu Marine Corps, NCO amayamba pa E-4 (Kapolisi).
Msilikali ndi Air Force, adalemba antchito pa E-5 kudzera mu E-9 ndi NCOs. Komabe, nkhondo zina zapakati pa 4 -4 zimalimbikitsidwa kukhala "corporal," ndipo zimatengedwa kuti ndi zigawo zina.
Komanso ku Army ndi Air Force, antchito a E-7 mpaka E-9 amadziwika kuti "Ma NCO akuluakulu."
Mu Marine Corps, omwe ali pamwambowu wa E-6 mpaka E-9 amadziwika kuti "Malamulo Ogwira Ntchito."
M'gulu la Navy / Coast Guard, Ofesi ya Petty ndi E-4 kudzera mu E-9. Amene ali pamasukulu a E-7 mpaka E-9 amadziwika kuti ndi "Atumwi Akuluakulu."
Olemba Maofesi
Alangizi a boma ndi akatswiri ophunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri. Apa ndi pamene amasiyanasiyana ndi oyang'anira. Mosiyana ndi akuluakulu apadera, apolisi ogwira ntchito akukhalabe apadera kuti apereke chidziwitso, maphunziro, ndi utsogoleri wapadera kwa mamembala ndi akuluakulu apadera.
Ndi zochepa zochepa, munthu ayenera kukhala membala yemwe ali ndi zaka zingapo, akulimbikitsidwa ndi mkulu wawo, ndi kupatula bolodi losankhidwa kuti akhale woyang'anira. Air Force ndiyo ntchito yokhayo yomwe ilibe maofesi ovomerezeka. Bungwe la Air Force linachotsa malo awo akuluakulu a boma pamene Congress inakhazikitsa E-8 ndi E-9 kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60s. Mautumiki enawa asankhidwa kuti asunge malo ovomerezeka, ndipo adatsindika ndondomeko yolimbikitsana kwa E-7s kumalo osankhidwa kwambiri a akatswiri a luso lapamwamba. Pali zigawo zisanu zovomerezeka zosiyana. Alangizi othandizira anthu onsewa analembera mamembala.
Atumizidwa Maofesi
Amuna Otumizidwa ndi "mkuwa wapamwamba." Ntchito yawo yoyamba ndi kupereka chisamaliro chonse ndi utsogoleri m'dera lawo la udindo. Mosiyana ndi mamembala omwe atumizidwa ndi maofesitanti ovomerezeka, akuluakulu apadera samapanga zambiri (ndi zina monga oyendetsa ndege, madokotala, anamwino, ndi advocate). Tiyeni titenge chitsanzo, msilikali wachinyamata . Wogwira ntchito ku Nthambi ya Infantry adzakhala ndi apadera, monga mwana wamwamuna wachinyamata ( MOS 11B ), kapena munthu wamba wamasiye (11C). Pokhapokha ngati abwezeretsayo, adzalandira 11B kapena 11C pa ntchito yake. Koma msilikaliyo, atchulidwa ku "Nthambi ya Infantry." Angayambe ntchito yake poyang'anira gulu lachinyama, kenaka akhoza kuyendetsa gulu la matope, kenakake pa ntchito yake akhoza kupita patsogolo kuti akhale mtsogoleri wa kampani, akulamulira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya asilikali omwe akuthawa. Pamene akukwera, amapeza zowonjezereka m'madera osiyanasiyana a nthambi yake, ndipo ali ndi udindo wotsogolera asilikali ambiri. Zonsezi ziri ndi cholinga chachikulu (pomaliza) kupanga odziwa zambiri omwe angathe kulamulira gulu lonse la nkhondo kapena kupatukana.
Akuluakulu otumizidwa ayenera kukhala ndi digiri ya bachelor ya zaka zosachepera zinayi. Pamene akukwera m'mipando, ngati akufuna kukweza, adzalandira digiri ya masters. Akuluakulu a boma atumizidwa kudzera m'mapulogalamu apadera monga a West Point , Naval Academy, Air Force Academy , Pacific Guard Academy), ROTC (Reserve Officer Training Corps, kapena OCS (Ofesi ya Ophunzira), yotchedwa OTS ( Officer Training School) kwa Air Force.
Palinso "mitundu" iwiri ya maofesi olamulidwa: Line ndi Non-Line. Msilikali Wopanda Mzere ndi msilikali wosagonjetsa omwe akuphatikizapo madokotala (madokotala ndi anamwino), alangizi, ndi aphunzitsi. Maofesi omwe sali otsogolera sangathe kulamula asilikali omenyana ngati ali akatswiri ndipo ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana komanso maudindo.
Kutsiliza / Kuyerekezera Ntchito Zogwirira Ntchito
Ganizirani za membala amene wapemphedwa kuti akhale wogwira ntchito mu kampani. Olembedwa ndi omwe amapanga ndi kugwira ntchitoyo. Mu "gulu la ogwira ntchito," NCOs (Army, Air Force, and Marines) ndi Petty Officers (Navy ndi Coast Guard) ndi oyang'anira. Amagwira ntchitoyi, komanso amapereka chitsogozo chachindunji kwa antchito ena. Mabungwe akuluakulu a asilikali (Army Air Force ndi Marines) ndi akuluakulu apamtunda (Navy ndi Coast Guard) ndi othandizira omwe akubwera kupyolera mwa bungwe. Iwo ali ofunika monga amishonala chifukwa cha zaka zawo zambiri, koma samazipanga ku Bungwe la Atsogoleri. Atumiki oyitanidwa ndiwo oyang'anira kampani. Iwo ali ndi malo akuluakulu a udindo wa kayendetsedwe ka bungwe, kayendetsedwe kake, ndi kayendetsedwe ka maofesi osiyanasiyana a bungwe. Maofesi akuluakulu (akuluakulu ndi akuluakulu) ndi gulu la oyang'anira. Olemba Maofesiwa angaganizidwe kuti ndi akatswiri odziwa zamakono omwe kampaniyo inagwiritsa ntchito ntchito yapadera.