Zaka ziwiri zilizonse, National Aeronautics ndi Space Administration (NASA) imapempha ntchito za pulogalamu yake ya astronaut. Izi sizinasinthe, ngakhale atasiya ntchito pulogalamu ya shuttle (ndi zotsatira zake zoipa pa ntchito zina zambiri.)
Poyenela kuti Cold War iyambe, ndondomeko ya astronaut ya NASA inali yoyenera kuyendetsa ndege zamakampani oyendetsa ndege ku US, pakati pawo ndege aviator Scott Carpenter ndi anzake a Marine John Glenn. Akatswiri azinthu akhala akuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu monga a injini, asayansi, ndi aphunzitsi, koma magulu ankhondo ndiwo malo ofunikira omwe akufuna. Ophunzira asanu asanu m'magulu a 2009 ndi 2004 anali mamembala otumikira, pakati pa 300 m'mbiri ya NASA.
Otsatira omwe ali m'gulu la asilikali akusunga maudindo awo ndi maudindo awo popatsidwa ntchito ku Lyndon Johnson Space Center ku Houston, Texas, kwa ulendo wazaka zisanu.
NASA Zimafunika
Ngakhale kuti madipatimenti a post-baccalaureate ndi okondedwa, NASA imafuna akatswiri a sayansi kuti akhale ndi digiri ya bachelor - makamaka imodzi yoganizira za sayansi, sayansi yamoyo, sayansi, kapena masamu.
Amafunanso ophunzira omaliza maphunzirowa: Ofufuza apamwamba ayenera kukhala ndi "zaka zoposa zitatu zomwe zikugwirizana, zomwe zikuchitika pang'onopang'ono, ndizochita zamaluso" ( Astronaut Selection and Training , PDF) ngakhale kuti digiri ya master ingasinthe chaka chimodzi, ndi adokotala atatu zaka, za chofunikira chimenecho.
Oyendetsa ndege ndi oyendetsa ndege (mwina osati chofunikira kwambiri tsopano kuti tidzakalipira Russian space-cabs) amafunikanso maola 1,000 akudzidzidzi ngati woyendetsa woyendetsa ndege.
Komanso, aliyense woyenera - wankhondo kapena wandale - ayenera kudutsa malo a NASA thupi ndi kukhala osachepera masentimita 58, koma palibe wamtali kuposa 6 '4. Pilots akhoza kukhala pakati pa 5' 2 ndi 6 '3. (Nthaŵi zonse amene amakupha.)
Zida Zachimuna
Kawirikawiri, anthu ochita masewera a zankhondo ndi anthu a ku United States omwe ali ndi udindo wogwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa zofunikira za digiri ya NASA, malamulo a Army and Marine Corps amalembanso madigiri omwe sagwirizana, kuphatikizapo sayansi ya zamankhwala, ma psychology (kupatula ngati kuchipatala, thupi, kapena kuyesera), kuyamwitsa, zochitika za thupi, sayansi, ndi aviation.
Zonse za NASA zokhumba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera mu Federal Recruitment hub USAJobs, koma ofuna kukonzekera usilikali amaperekanso ntchitoyo kudzera mwachindunji cha lamulo. Ngakhale kuti NASA iwona ntchitoyo nthawi yomweyo, mautumikiwa ali ndi ndondomeko podutsa mu "bolodi losankhidwa" - komiti yofanana ya komiti yaikulu yomwe imasankha kutsatsa. (Marine Corps, komabe, anagwetsa gululo mu April 2012, poganiza kuti NASA idadziwa bwino momwe angasankhire chombo.)
O, ndi gawo limenelo ponena za oyang'anira apolisi? Mwachiwonekere, pali mbali imodzi yokha: Air Force ingavomereze pempho kuchokera kwa apolisi kapena kulembedwa .
... Dikirani, Chiyani?
Inde, mkulu wa bungwe loona za magulu a anthu omwe ali ndi ndondomeko ya ndege akulembedwa mu chaka cha 2011 kuti ogwira ntchito olemba ntchito angagwiritse ntchito. Mwamwayi, mfundo za juici zikutsekedwa pa webusaiti yotetezeka yomwe ikupezeka kwa antchito a Air Force okha.
Mofanana ndi ambiri, ndimakonda kukhulupirira kuti akatswiri onse a zasayansi apatsidwa, apolisi. Deta imatsimikizira kukayikira uku: Palibe ngakhale mmodzi yemwe analembetsa kafukufuku wamakono - wamakono, wakale, kapena wakufa - amatchulidwa mu NASA ya 2005 Astronaut Fact Book (PDF) kapena pa tsamba lawo lomwe liripo.
Kotero, kodi chochita ndi chiyani? Moona mtima, popanda kupeza malo otetezeka a Air Force, sindikudziwa. Koma ngati nthambi iliyonse ikanati ipereke malo otsegulira anthu, Air Force ikugwiritsira ntchito ndalamazo monga chithandizo chachikulu cha malo.
Munthu wofuna kuthamangitsidwa m'munda monga Space Systems Operations , ali ndi chidziwitso chachikulu komanso wopanda ntchito, angapangitse mlanduwo kuti akhale woyamba.
Kuchokera pa zomwe ndakhala ndikuchita monga ndondomeko ya ntchito mu Marines, ndingathe kunena kuti ngati pali chinachake cholembedwa chomwe chimati ndinu woyenerera pulogalamu, ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito. Koma musagwiritse ntchito phindu lililonse.
Maganizo a Ntchito
Ndiponsotu, munthu aliyense angakhale wazamthambo akuyang'anizana nthawi zambiri: "a .7 peresenti ya mwayi wosankhidwa," malinga ndi asilikali a Colonel Tim Creamer, omwe adatchulidwa mu 2008 ndi Army.mil. M'nkhani yomweyo, Colonel Jeff Williams adalengeza kuti akudikira zaka 10 ndikusiya maulendo angapo asanayambe ku NASA, kuwonjezera kuti, "Musati muyike mazira anu mudengu limodzi - koma. . . khalani osasinthasintha. "
Umenewu ndi malangizo aulere kwa gulu lililonse la ntchito, makamaka pa ntchito yomwe kukonzekera kwanthawi yayitali - ndi tsogolo labwino kwambiri - lingapangitse kuti "mwamsanga msanga" ukhale wamphamvu kwambiri ngakhale kwa mwana wamasiye.
Sikuti akatswiri a sayansi sadzakhala ndi kanthu: Ngakhale kuti pulogalamu yapamwamba yokhala ndi mpweya wothamanga ku US mu 2012 idzachoka, NASA idzatumizanso anthu ake pogula mipando ku Russia, mpaka mgwirizano ndi makampani opanga malo ogulitsa ana akuyamba kulipira.
Ndipo NASA ikugulitsanso malo a astronaut. Mapologalamu oyendetsera astronaut m'bungwe lililonse la utumiki adakulungidwa mu 2012 ndi mayina a akatswiri a sayansi omwe angayembekezere kulengeza ku NASA kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2013.
Mfundo ndi izi: kulowa mu dongosolo la astronaut kupyolera mu ankhondo ndi cholinga choyenera, koma kumafuna kuleza mtima, kudziwoneratu, ndi kudzipereka. Ndipo popanda chitsimikizo, ndibwino kuti mutakhala ndi dongosolo lothandizira ntchito kotero kuti makalata otsutsa sakuwononge moyo wanu.