Sizinsinsi kuti kumvera malamulo ndi gawo lalikulu la kukhala msilikali. Koma ngati mukuganiza kugwirizana, mudzafunika kuchita kafukufuku wa moyo - ndipo nthawi zonse mutatha kulembetsa - kuti mutsimikizire kuti mutha kukumana ndi mavuto owopsa a ntchitoyi.
Chomvetsa chisoni ndi chakuti kafukufuku wamaganizo amasonyeza kuti tili ndi mtima wolimba mtima kwambiri kuposa momwe timaganizira (ndipo timakonda kudziganizira tokha, ngakhale umboni.) Zimakhala zokoma pamene makhalidwe athu amatsutsana ndi zizindikiro za ulamuliro .
Malamulo a nkhondo ndi ulemu waumwini pambali, zimatengera nzeru yabwino yakale yodzipangira nokha kupyola mavuto.
Kumvera kosamveka
Kuyambira tsiku limodzi, oyang'anira usilikali samangophunzitsidwa phindu lokhazikika pamalopo - iwo amawongolera kupyolera mwachangu, mofulumira, komanso mwachidwi . Lingaliro ndilolumikiza olemba atsopano ku lingaliro lakutsata mtsogoleri ku gehena ndi kumbuyo: Pamene anthu akufera pafupi ndi inu ndipo bodza lanu akukuuzani kuti "Tengani phiri!" sizothandiza kwambiri kukhala ndi gulu la zidziwitso zodziwa kuti, "Bwanji sitimayima apa ndikubwera ndi lingaliro labwino?"
Koma monga gulu, tayamba kuvomereza maphunziro ovuta a kumvera osalingalira molakwika. Nuremberg chitetezo ndi chitsanzo chotsatira cha chifukwa "kutsatira malamulo" ndilo chovomerezeka chosayenerera pamakhalidwe oipa, koma sikunali kotsirizira - ndipo sikunali mdani wa US kudzidzimitsa yekha.
M'nkhani yake "Malamulo a Gulu: Kumvera Kapena Kusamvera?" Rod Powers amapereka mbiri yabwino ya milandu pamene asilikali a US adalangidwa chifukwa chotsatira malamulo osaloledwa. Pakati paposachedwa milanduyi ndi "milandu (ndi chidziwitso cha kuphedwa koyambirira) kwa Woyamba Lieutenant William Calley chifukwa cha gawo lake mu My Massacre" komanso kuchitira nkhanza ku ndende ya Abu Ghraib ku Iraq ndi asilikali omwe "adanena kuti motsatira malamulo a akuluakulu anzeru. "
Pofuna kuchepetsa milandu yotereyi, gawo limodzi la maphunziro a phukusi la boot ndilo kuphunzitsidwa pa mfundo za makhalidwe ndi malamulo a nkhondo . Cholinga chachikulu chimakumbutsa anthu kuti ndi "anthu abwino": Kuchita zinthu moyenera ndikusiya kutsatira malamulo omwe ali oletsedwa, monga kupha anthu osalakwa, kuwombera, kapena kuzunza akaidi. Koma kodi ndi zophweka?
Psychology Social
Nditabwerera ku sukulu nditatha ulendo wanga wachiwiri ku Iraq, ndinayamba maphunziro a psychology kwa kanthawi. Ndondomeko yomwe inandikhudza kwambiri kwambiri inali psychology psychology, yomwe ikuwonetsa zotsatira za magulu ndi anthu pa lingaliro ndi khalidwe. (Nthawi zambiri, ngakhale si nthawizonse, zimawoneka kuti ndi phunziro la momwe anthu oopsya angakhalire ambiri.)
Sindinaonepo nkhondo yeniyeni ku Iraq, komabe ndinkamva kuti mimba yanga imatembenuka pamene tinaphunzira mayesero awiri ofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya psychology: Kuyesera kwa Milgramu Kumvera ndi kuyesa kwa Stanford Prison. Maphunziro awiriwa amachirikiza molimba mtima lingaliro lakuti zisonkhezero mongazoona kuti ndizolamulira, chilengedwe, ndi maudindo apamtundu angathe (nthawi zambiri mosavuta) zimapambana mphamvu yapamwamba yaumwini ndipo zimapangitsa kuti achite ntchito zachiwerewere. Kuphatikiza pa zotsatira zawo zoonekeratu, zochita zachiwerewerezi zingakhale ndi zotsatira zowopsya pamaganizo kwa munthu amene akuchita.
Ndichifukwa chakuti, ngakhale kuti umboni wamaphunziro umaperekedwa ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo a anthu, tili ndi chizoloŵezi chachibadwa chodzikhulupilira kuti ndife abwino. Pitirizani kupereka chipinda chodzaza ndi ophunzira ndi zolemba za Milgram. Afunseni ngati atatero, atapempha munthu wolimba kwambiri kuti apange malaya apamwamba, apitirize kukhumudwitsa munthu wosawoneka amene angapereka matenda a mtima. Ambiri amakhulupirirabe kuti sangakwanitse kuchita izi: "Ndine munthu wabwino."
Nkhaniyi, mwatsoka, sikutsika chabwino kapena choipa, koma kuti timvetsetse tokha komanso umunthu wathu. Kumvera lamulo loletsedwa - kapena ngakhale chimodzi chimene inu mumadzivutitsa - si khalidwe lovomerezeka, koma tonsefe tiyenera kumvetsa kuti mavuto a chikhalidwe amatha kukhala amphamvu koposa momwe timadzionera, makamaka nthawi yotentha.
Taganizirani Zimene Mungachite
Anthu ena omwe amapita nawo usilikali sangakhale ndi vuto la maganizo monga My Lai kapena Abu Ghraib. Koma nthawi zina, ndi mwayi wa kukoka. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunika, musanayambe kulemba, kuti muyambe kufufuza momwe mumadziwira nokha.
Mpaka lero, ndimapewa mwayi wozunza ena kapena mphamvu zanga pa iwo (komanso kukhala namwino wamtsogolo, kusamalira anthu omwe ali ofooka, ndidzakhala ndi mwayi wochuluka.) Komabe panthawi ina, ngakhale sindinawonepo nkhondo yeniyeni, ndinachitira umboni ndikuthandizira khalidwe lachiwerewere lomwe, ngakhale kuti silinali lopanda chilungamo, ndithudi linandisungira usiku usiku.
Zinanditengera zaka zingapo kuti ndipitirize kugwedezeka m'maganizo anga okhudzana ndi zochitika zonsezi ndikadakhala ndi mowa wambiri. Ngakhalenso sindichita manyazi ndi ntchito yanga yonse mu usilikali chifukwa cha zochitika izi. Ndimangowabweretsa kuti afotokoze mfundo yanga: Musanayambe ntchito yomwe ikufuna kuti muyende bwino pakati pa kukhala wacheza wabwino komanso kuchita zinthu mwachindunji - nthawi zambiri popanikizika kwambiri, pamene ziwerengera - ganizirani yemwe muli , ndi zomwe mungachite.
Kenaka pitirizani kuziganizira tsiku lililonse, ngakhale mutasankha kulemba. Tonsefe tili ndi mphamvu zambiri zoyipa ngati zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri chinthu chokha chomwe timasankha ndicho kudzidziwa tokha.