Nazi Mfundo ndi Zomwe Mukufunikira Kudziwa Pankhani ya Chiwawa Chakugwira Ntchito
Chowonjezereka, ntchito za anthu ndizo zowopsya zaziopsezo za kuntchito ndi bungwe loyamba la chitetezo choletsera chiwawa.
N'chiyani chimayambitsa chiwawa? Kodi zochita zachiwawa zingatheke kuntchito? Kodi ndi zochitika ziti kapena zosintha zomwe zimafotokozera bungwe lomwe munthu angathe kuchita zachiwawa kuntchito? Nkhaniyi yokhudza chiwawa cha kuntchito imayankha mafunso awa pa thanzi ndi chitetezo cha antchito anu.
Ziwerengero ndi Zoona Zachiwawa Chakugwira Ntchito Pa Boma la Maphunziro a Ntchito
Malinga ndi Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Kuchuluka kwa Zomwe Anthu Odwala Anachita Padziko Lonse (CFOI):
"Kuchita nkhanza kuntchito-kuphatikizapo ziwawa komanso kudzipha-ndizo zowonjezera pa 15 peresenti ya kuvulala kwa anthu onse ogwira ntchito ku 2015 (onani Gawo 3 la 2015 la CFOI Chapa Package) malinga ndi deta. Mu nkhani yawo" Homicides yokhudza ntchito: Zoona, "Eric Sygnatur ndi Guy Toscano analemba kuti" Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, zambiri mwazimenezi sizili zolakwa za chilakolako zomwe anthu ogwira nawo ntchito komanso okwatirana amachitira, koma chifukwa cha kuba. "Tawonani tebulo ili kuti mudziwe zowonongeka pa ntchito.
"Mu 2015, panali anthu 16,380 omwe sanaphedwe mwadala mwadzidzidzi ndi anthu omwe anafuna kuti apite kuntchito ku malonda apadera, komabe izi zinangokhala 2 peresenti ya zovulala ndi matenda omwe sali oopsa m'makampani apadera (onani Pulogalamu R31.) "
"Panali pafupifupi 2,9 miliyoni kuvulala m'malo ogwira ntchito ndi matenda omwe amachitira ogwira ntchito malonda mu 2015, zomwe zinachitika pa chiwerengero cha 3.0 milandu pa 100 ofanana antchito nthawi zonse.
Chiwerengero cha 2015 chikupitirizabe kuchepetsa kuti, kupatula chaka cha 2012, chinachitika pachaka kwazaka 13 zapitazo. Olemba mabungwe ogulitsa ntchito payekha anafotokoza pafupifupi 48,000 ochepa omwe sanagwirizane ndi zovulazidwa ndi matenda mu 2015 poyerekeza ndi chaka chapitalo. "
Ziwerengero ndi Zoona Zachiwawa Chakugwira Ntchito Pa National Survey Crime Victimization Survey
Malinga ndi National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), anthu mamiliyoni awiri omwe amazunzidwa ndi kuopseza anthu a ku America kuntchito akuchitika pachaka. Mtundu wochuluka wa nkhanza zapakhomo unagwiridwa ndi pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni zowonongeka m'malo ogwira ntchito.
Kuchitirana nkhanza kuntchito kunachitika motere: 396,000 kuzunzidwa koopsa, 51,000 kugwiriridwa ndi kugwiriridwa, kugwidwa 84,000, ndi 1,000 kupha anthu. Ziŵerengero zimenezi mwachiwonekere sizikuphatikizapo chiŵerengero chenicheni cha zochita za nkhanza za kuntchito zomwe, makamaka, zinachitika kuntchito osati zochitika zonse za chiwawa cha kuntchito.
Kupanga chiwerengero cha nkhanza za kumalo ogwirira ntchito n'kovuta chifukwa si ogwira ntchito onse omwe amawachitira zachiwawa kuntchito kwa abwana awo mochepa kwambiri kwa mabungwe a boma omwe amawona chiwerengero cha chiwawa cha kuntchito.
Malo Ogwira Ntchito Amene Amadziwika Ndi Chiwawa Chakuntchito
Nkhani zofalitsa nyuzipepala zimafalitsa zochitika za nkhanza za kuntchito zomwe zimaphatikizapo antchito anzawo-posachedwapa komanso makamaka, milandu yomwe ikuphatikizapo kuwombera.
Pozindikira zochitika za nkhanza za kuntchito, amachotsa kutsindika pazinthu zofunika kwambiri pulogalamu ya chitetezo kuntchito.
Zochitika za nkhanza za kuntchito zomwe zimachitika zikufala kwambiri m'mafakitale ena komanso m'madera ena. Ndipotu, cholinga chofala kwambiri chokhudzidwa ndi ntchito ndi kuba, chifukwa cha chiwawa cha kuntchito kumafa 85 peresenti. Anthu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugulitsa katundu kapena kuchita zinthu zotetezeka pazochitika zowonekera pagulu amakhala ovuta kuchitidwa nkhanza kuntchito.
Kodi Ngozi Zachiwawa Zogwira Ntchito Zili Zoopsa Kwambiri?
Nyuzipepala ya National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), imapereka chidziwitso chomwe chimasonyeza kuti wina aliyense akhoza kuchitiridwa nkhanza pa malo ogwira ntchito, koma zoopsa zikuluzikulu kuntchito za nkhanza m'makampani ena ndi ntchito zina. Makampani opangira tekisi ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chochitira nkhanza kumalo antchito, pafupifupi nthawi makumi asanu ndi limodzi a dziko lonse omwe angakhale nkhanza kuntchito.
Ntchito zina zomwe zili pangozi yaikulu ndizo apolisi, oyang'anira, oyang'anira, ogwira magetsi, ndi alonda oteteza. Mu phunziro la NCVS, omwe tawafotokozera poyamba, ogulitsa malonda anali anthu ochuluka kwambiri, ndipo 330,000 anagwedeza chaka chilichonse.
Anatsatiridwa ndi apolisi, ndipo asilikali 234,200 anazunzidwa. Mikangano pakati pa ogwira nawo ntchito ndi makasitomala ndi makasitomala amawerengera pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi mwa zochitika zonse za chiwawa cha kuntchito chaka ndi chaka.
Kuvulala kwapadera kwambiri kunabwera chifukwa cha zochitika zonyamula katundu kusiyana ndi zochitika zina zonse mu 2014. Zochitika zapansi pa msewu zokha zinkakhala pafupifupi zovunda chimodzi mwa zinayi zonse zovulaza ntchito.
Choncho, pamene nkhaniyi ikugogomezera kuti chiwawa chingachitike pakati pa ogwira nawo ntchito, palibe njira yopezera chitetezo kuntchito yomwe ikhoza kunyalanyaza kuti chiwawa chimachokera kunja kwa malo ogwira ntchito.
Komanso sizingasamalire kuti malinga ndi bungwe la US Labor of Statistics la 2016, "Amuna achifwamba ndi omwe amachititsa kuti amuna azipha munthu komanso achiwiri omwe amadziwika ndi akazi ambiri. Kuphana kwa amayi komwe kunkaphatikizapo anali wachibale kapena wapakhomo. "
Kuzindikira Zowonjezera Chiwawa Chakugwira Ntchito
Larry Porte, yemwe kale anali wogwira ntchito ya Secret Service komanso yemwe anali woyang'anira Pulezidenti Woopsa komanso Kachilombo ka Pakati pa Kerby Bailey ndi Associates, ananena kuti nkhanza za kuntchito ndi njira yomwe sichitike. "Chiwawa chimachokera ku kugwirizana pakati pa zinthu zitatu:
- "munthu amene amachita zachiwawa;
- "zochitika zomwe zimayambitsa munthu kuti awone zachiwawa monga 'kutulukamo'; komanso
- "malo omwe amachititsa kapena kuvomereza chiwawa, zomwe zimakhalapo chifukwa chosowa thandizo."
Porte akunena kuti ochita nkhanza za kuntchito amakhala ndi chimodzi mwa zolingazi. Munthu yemwe amachititsa nkhanza kuntchito amafuna:
- "kutchuka kapena kutchuka;
- "kuwonetsa dziko lapansi ku vuto laumwini;
- "kubwezera cholakwika cholakwika; kapena
- "kuthetsa ululu wake, kuti aphedwe."
Iye amakhulupirira kuti kuzunzika kwa malo ogwirira ntchito "ndizo zopangidwa ndi zomveka komanso zomwe zimawoneka bwino zoganiza ndi khalidwe."
Pa pepala lomwe limafotokoza milandu eyiti ya nkhanza za kuntchito zomwe zinachitika mu 2017, Bryan Strawser wa Bryghtpath akuti, "Pamene tikugwira ntchito limodzi kuti tipewe nkhanza kuntchito, vuto lalikulu ndiloti palibe zochitika ziwiri zomwe zimakhala zofanana. antchito akuba akuyesa munthu kuti asankhe kuti ali nazo zokwanira.
"Popeza zochitika izi sizikutheka kulosera, ndikofunika kukhazikitsa maphunziro amphamvu a nkhanza zapanyumba ndi ntchito kuti antchito anu aziwona momwe angayang'anire zizindikiro zoyambirira ndikuchita zoyenera pakakhala vuto."
Zizindikiro Zoti Wogwira Ntchito Angakhale Wachiwawa
Dr. Lynne McClure, katswiri wodziwika bwino padziko lonse kuti athetse khalidwe loopsa la ogwira ntchito asanayambe kupita kuntchito ku nkhanza zapanyumba, akufotokozera njira izi zomveka bwino. Akuti pali magulu asanu ndi atatu a zizindikiro zowonetsera zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kuthetsa nkhanza kuntchito kukuchitika.
Otsogolera, abwana, ogwira nawo ntchito, ndi akatswiri a zaumisiri amafunika kudziwa zizindikiro zosonyeza chiwawa chogwira ntchito kuntchito . Amakhala ophweka mosavuta pamene mukuyang'ana anzanu ndipo nthawi zonse saganizira zochitika zachiwawa.
Pambuyo pa chikhalidwe chachiwawa kumalo antchito, komabe antchito akugwira ntchito nthawi zambiri amadziwa kuti adziwona zizindikiro ndi kusintha kwa khalidwe la mnzako ntchitoyo isanakwane ndipo sanachitepo kanthu. Kwenikweni, kuphunzitsidwa kuzindikira zizindikiro zowonongeka kuntchito kuntchito ndi imodzi mwa mabungwe akuluakulu omwe ali nawo pofuna kupewa chiwawa cha kuntchito.
8 Zopindulitsa Zomwe Zinganeneratu Zochitika za Chiwawa Chakugwira Ntchito
Mu bukhu lake, "Business Risky: Kusamalira Nkhanza Kwa Ogwira Ntchito kuntchito," McClure akufotokozera magawo asanu ndi atatu a makhalidwe oopsa kwambiri omwe amasonyeza kufunikira koyendetsa polojekiti. Akuti makhalidwe amenewa ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu ndizochitika tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zimachitika mwatsatanetsatane-zimachitika nthawi yaitali zowopsya kapena zachiwawa zopezeka kuntchito.
Milandu eyiti ya McClure yakuchitira nkhanza kuntchito akudziwika ndi izi:
- Zochita za ochita: Wogwira ntchitoyo amachititsa mkwiyo wake ndi kuchita monga kufuula, kufuula, kutsekera zitseko, kuponyera zinthu, ndi zina zotero.
- Zochita zazing'ono: Wogwira ntchito samatenga udindo pazochita zake ndipo amawona kuti palibe kugwirizana pakati pa zomwe amachita ndi zotsatira zake kapena zotsatira za zochita zake. Mwachitsanzo, amatsutsa ena chifukwa cha zolakwa zake .
- Ine-Zochita zoyamba: Wogwira ntchito amachita zomwe akufuna, mosasamala kanthu za zotsatirapo zoipa kwa ena. Mwachitsanzo, wogwira ntchitoyo amatha kupuma panthawi yomaliza kuti akagulitse katunduyo kwa kasitomala, pamene antchito ena onse akugwira ntchito mwakhama.
- Machitidwe Osokoneza Mtumiki: Wogwira ntchito amalankhula bwino koma amachitira zoipa. Mwachitsanzo, wogwira ntchitoyo amachita zinthu mwaukali, akunena kuti ndi wosewera mpira , komabe amakana kugawana nzeru ndi anzake.
- Zizoloŵezi Zamitengo: Wogwira ntchitoyo ndi wolimba, wosasinthika, komanso wolamulira. Sadzayesa luso lamakono, akufuna kuti aziyang'anira, kapena mwachindunji amalephera kudziwa zambiri.
- Zizoloŵezi za othawa: Wothandizira amathetsa nkhawa mwa kunama ndi / kapena kutenga nawo mbali zolaula monga mankhwala kapena njuga.
- Zizolowezi zofuula: Wogwira ntchitoyo mwadzidzidzi amachita m'njira zomwe sizinali zosiyana ndi / kapena zowopsya. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri munthu wodalirika amalephera kuwonetsa kapena kuitanira odwala kuntchito. Munthu amasonyeza njira yatsopano yopita.
- Ochita zachilendo: Wogwira ntchitoyo ali kutali, ali ndi luso labwino labwino, amakhala ndi lingaliro komanso / kapena munthu.
Malingana ndi McClure, "Pamene abwana, woyang'anira kapena munthu wa HR amawona khalidweli, ayenera kulembera , kuyankhula ndi wogwira ntchitoyo , kukambirana za makhalidwe ake ponena za zotsatira zake zoipa pa ntchito, ndipo amafuna kuphunzitsidwa, uphungu, kapena onse awiri. Onaninso kufunikira kochitidwa mwambo .
"Woyang'anira, woyang'anira kapena munthu wa HR ayenera kupitiriza kuyang'anitsitsa khalidwe la ogwira ntchitoyo. Cholinga chake ndi choti agwire ntchitoyo , kudzera mu kupeza maluso komanso / kapena kuthana ndi mavuto, kapena kuchoka kuntchito ndi kusankha kapena kampani . "
Zowonjezereka ndi Zowonongeka Zowonongeka Kumalo Ochita Ntchito
Haig Neville mu "Kulimbana ndi Chiwawa Chakuntchito" akutsindika zina zambiri. "A New York Times" omwe adafufuza za kupha anthu 100 ... anapeza kuti ambiri mwa ophedwawo 'adathamangira nthawi yayitali, mofulumira, m'maganizo ndi m'maganizo.' Malingana ndi kafukufuku, opha ambiri amapereka zizindikiro zambiri kuti ali m'mavuto. "
Pokhala ndi malingaliro awa, olemba ntchito ayenera kukhala tcheru kuzinthu zodziwika za khalidwe lachiwawa. Izi zikuphatikizapo " ogwira ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito: kugwiritsa ntchito ziopsezo , kuyankhula za zida, kuwonetsa zowonongeka kapena kutsutsana ndi khalidwe labwino, kumverera kuti sakukumva ndi kampani, kufotokoza kukhumudwa kwakukulu, kukhala ndi mbiri ya chiwawa, osungulumwa omwe sali woyenera ndi gululo. "
Poyankha ndi Eric Snyder, Purezidenti ndi Pulezidenti wamkulu wa TCM, Inc., McClure adanena kuti osachepera atatu mwa machenjezo amenewa anaphonyedwa asanaphedwe antchito asanu ndi awiri ku Edgewater Technology ku Wakefield, Massachusetts pa December 26, 2000. (The zomwe zinachititsa kuti anthu ambiri aphedwe, kuphatikizapo kupha antchito awiri a HR, inali IRS kuti kampaniyo ilandire malipiro a Michael McDermott.)
McClure akuti patapita nthawi tinaphunzira kuti wogwira ntchitoyo anali pansi pa chisamaliro cha maganizo ndi kumwa mankhwala. Asanaphedwe, adaonetsa khalidwe losiyana; iye adawona kuti udindo wa kampaniyo kumuteteza ku IRS. Anasonyeza khalidwe lachidwi limene zochita zake zinali zowopsya komanso zopanda khalidwe.
Sabata lisanayambe kuphedwa, "McDermott anali ndi ukali wopsa mtima kuntchito, zomwe zinali zowopsya komanso zopanda ulemu kwa iye." Potsirizira pake, McDermott anasonyeza khalidwe lachidule; iye "akuwoneka kuti anali kutali, ndipo anakonzedwa pa IRS ndi udindo wa kampani pomuteteza ku IRS."
Ndalama ndi Zotsatira za Chiwawa Chakugwira Ntchito
Bungwe la Researchplace Violence Research Institute linanena kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito ku mabungwe a US ku $ 36 biliyoni pachaka zimakhala zovuta. Neville akuti, "Ndalama zimaphatikizapo chisamaliro cha zachipatala ndi zamaganizo, zosamalidwa bwino ndi zokolola, kukonzanso ndi kuyeretsa, mitengo ya inshuwalansi yapamwamba, ndalama zowonjezera zowonjezera, komanso koposa zonse, kutayika kwa ogwira ntchito.
Kuonjezera apo, eni amalonda akugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira kuti asamapangitse malo awo kukhala otetezeka kwa antchito ndi makasitomala. Zomwe zikhoza kuchitika pa milandu yokhudzana ndi nkhanza za kuntchito zomwe ziyenera kukhudza olemba ntchito zimaphatikizapo zochita za anthu chifukwa cholemba ngongole zopanda malire , zifukwa zowonongeka kwa ogwira ntchito , zotsutsana ndi anthu ogwira ntchito zachinsinsi, zochitika zachinsinsi, ndi Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kuletsa Chiwawa Chakugwira Ntchito
Chiwawa cha kuntchito chikhoza kuchitika pano. Chiwawa cha kuntchito chikhoza kukuchitikirani kapena munthu amene mumamukonda. Ngati muli odziwa komanso osamala za nkhanza za kuntchito ndi zizindikiro kwa ogwira ntchito, mungathe kuyembekezera ndikuchitapo kanthu zomwe zingalepheretse kuchitika kwake.
- Yambani mwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya kulekerera zero kuntchito iliyonse ya chiwawa.
- Dziwani antchito anu; Dziwani nthawi imene ntchito ya ogwira ntchito sizimachitika.
- Otsogolera oyang'anira, oyang'anira, ndi ogwira ntchito ena omwe amapereka khalidwe losavomerezeka la ntchito kwa anthu akuyembekezeredwa komanso kuchita zabwino.
- Onetsetsani kuti ogwira ntchito a HR akuchitapo kanthu pa lipoti lililonse lachizolowezi chogwira ntchito.
- Mu buku lanu la ogwira ntchito, yakhazikitsa ndondomeko ndi ntchito zomwe zimaletsa khalidwe lonse lachiwawa ndikupereka chilango kwa ogwira ntchito omwe akuphwanya lamuloli.
- Ngati wogwira ntchito akuphwanya ndondomekoyi, chitani mwamsanga kuchotsa munthuyo kuntchito kwanu mwa kuimitsidwa ndi kawirikawiri, kuthetsa ntchito .
- Lolani wogwira ntchito aliyense atsimikizire kuti ngati awonedwa kuntchito kwanu nthawi iliyonse mtsogolo, mudzawaitana apolisi ndi kuwalamula molakwa.
- Sungani malo anu antchito. Onetsetsani kuti ogwira ntchito okha ndi ogulitsa ogwira ntchito angalowe m'malo anu ogwira ntchito ndi makiyi kapena padhidi.
- Pangani dongosolo lachidziwitso chadzidzidzi kuti panthawi ya nkhanza za kumalo antchito, wogwira ntchito aliyense ali ndi njira yotuluka.
- Chitani zochitika zosangalatsa zophunzitsira ndi akuluakulu a boma.
- Lekani kuuluka komwe kungabweretse chiwawa; perekani munthu wachiwawa kwinakwake kuti apemphe thandizo ngati Employee Assistance Program (EAP).
Kumbukirani, chiwawa cha kuntchito chikhoza kukuchitikirani kapena munthu amene mumamukonda. Pezani momwe mungagwirire ndi vuto la kuntchito .
Zosamveka: Chonde dziwani kuti mfundo zomwe zilipo, ngakhale zili zovomerezeka, sizikutsimikiziridwa kuti ndi zolondola komanso zolondola. Webusaitiyi ikuwerengedwa ndi malamulo a dziko lonse lapansi komanso malamulo ndi ntchito zimasiyana kuchokera ku mayiko ndi mayiko ndi dziko. Chonde funani thandizo lalamulo , kapena chithandizo kuchokera ku State, Federal, kapena mayiko apadziko lonse, kuti mutsimikizidwe movomerezeka ndi zovomerezekazo molondola. Uthenga uwu ndiwothandiza, malingaliro, ndi chithandizo.