Kutengera, Ntchito, Kugwiritsira ntchito ndi Kutsutsana kwa Ntchito
Tasers Dziko Latsopano Lomwe Lilikulimbikitsana
Apolisi si osiyana. Zipangizo zamagetsi zogwira ntchito masiku ano zili m'njira zambiri zomwe zimakhala kutali kwambiri ndi zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kale kwambiri, ndipo zida zochepa zomwe zakhala zikukhudzidwa kwambiri kapena zimakhala ndi kutsutsana kwakukulu monga chipangizo chogwiritsa ntchito magetsi, mobwerezabwereza wotchedwa Taser.
Zida Zamagetsi Zojambula: Zapangidwa kuti Zisungire Zamoyo
Lingaliro la chipangizo chogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi (ECD) chimagwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti kuthetsa mikangano yachiwawa kungabweretse pamapeto osagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yakupha ngati kuli kotheka. ECD siyimangidwe m'malo mwa zida zankhondo , koma zimapereka njira zotetezeka zothetsera mavuto omwe sali opha. ECD yodziwika bwino komanso yopambana kwambiri mpaka lero ndi Ntchito, yopangidwa ndi yofalitsidwa ndi Taser International.
Kuvomereza kwa Ntchito: Sayansi Yowusayansi imabwera ku Moyo
Zomwe zinayambika m'ma 1960 ndi John Cover, Taser gun ndizofanana ndi sayansi yopeka sayansi. Zinali zosiyana ndi mfuti zina ndi zida za electroshock kuti zikhoza kuthamangitsidwa ndi kuyendetsedwa patali. Chombocho chinkachitidwa mwachindunji ndi otchuka a Tom Swift sayansi yowamvetsetsa, yomwe ndi Tom Swift ndi Rifle yake ya Electric .
Mawu akuti "Taser" kwenikweni amatanthauza Thomas A. Swift's Electric Rifle.
Mosiyana ndi chitsanzo chachinyengo, Tasera weniweni sagwiritsa ntchito magetsi kapena kuponyera m'makoma popanda kusiya mabowo. Komabe, zimapereka apolisi komanso anthu omwe ali ndiokhaokha njira zotetezera zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa mwayi wovulazidwa kwambiri kapena imfa, podzipangira iwo okha ndi omwe amaukira.
Osati Wokonzeka Kwambiri Panthawi Yoyamba
Chitsanzo choyamba, chomwe chinayambidwa mwachindunji ndi Chophimba, chinagwiritsa ntchito ufa wa mfuti kuti uyambe kuyendetsa mitsuko. Chifukwa chaichi, adagawidwa ngati zida zankhondo ndipo sankawona ntchito yofala. Mabungwe apolisi ndi anthu ogonera okha omwe akufunafuna njira zopanda malire kapena zopanda malire kwa mfuti mosakayikira alibe chidwi ndi zomwe akuwona kuti ndi mfuti chabe komanso kuti akhoza kukhala ndi udindo.
MASASINTHA Kusintha Masewera
Chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, abale Tom ndi Rick Smith adayandikira ku Cover, akuyang'ana kupeza njira yothetsera imfa chifukwa cha nkhondo. Gululo linapanga Air Taser, chida chomwe chinathamangitsa mizere pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya m'malo mwa mfuti ndipo motero kukhetsa zida za mfuti. Njira yatsopano yotumizira inavomerezera kuti ikhale yokha ngati chida chosakhala chakupha.
Posakhalitsa chipangizo chatsopano, chogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso chosinthika chinapangidwa, ndipo bungwe loyendetsa malamulo linayamba kuona zotsatira zopindulitsa pa chipangizochi. Pofika m'chaka cha 1999, mabungwe padziko lonse anayamba kugula zida kwa akazembe awo. Pamene idayamba kuwona ntchito yofala pakati pa mabungwe apolisi, Taser inakambidwa mwamsanga ngati njira yatsopano yotsitsimutsira otetezera awiri ndi oyimbirira. Ambiri ankayembekeza kuti imfa ya abambo ndi kuvulazidwa kuchokera ku zachiwawa zidzachepa ndipo apolisi adzawombera.
Taser, Controversy, ndi Kusokonezeka
Koma pasanapite nthawi yaitali, akuluakulu a zamalamulo, atolankhani, ndi ofalitsa ambiri adaoneka kuti akusokonezeka pa ntchito, cholinga, ndi ntchito ya mfuti imeneyi.
Malipoti a mphamvu yochuluka, apamwamba-apolisi ogwira ntchito komanso ngakhale imfa mwa Taser posakhalitsa anayamba kulowa nawo pagulu. Nkhani za ana, akuluakulu omwe ali otetezeka komanso okalamba "akudabwa" ndi mfuti zomwe zidaponyera 50,000 volts pamatupi awo zinayamba kupereka Taser dzina loipa.
Ndondomeko, Miyezo, ndi Ziwerengero Sungani Tsikuli
Dipatimenti ya apolisi m'dziko lonselo mwamsanga inayankha mwa kupanga malamulo oletsa kwambiri omwe ankagwiritsa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi. Malamulo a boma amapereka malamulo omwe amafunika kuphunzitsidwa ndi kuzindikiritsa ntchito zawo, ndipo Taser International akupitiriza kulimbikitsa kusonkhanitsa deta pogwiritsira ntchito Taser.
Zotsatirazi zimabweretsa chikhulupiliro chokwanira pakati pa zipangizo zogwirira ntchito ndi kukhazikitsa malo a ECD ngati chofunika kwambiri chogwiritsa ntchito malamulo.
Momwe Ntchito Imagwirira Ntchito
Taser imagwira ntchito ziwiri zosiyana panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Ntchito yake yoyamba ndi yofunikila imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipangizo chopanda mphamvu chomwe chimalola apolisi kuti azikhala pamtunda wotetezeka pamene akuwopseza.
Ngakhale kuti zipangizo zamakono zili patsogolo, lingalirolo ndi losavuta. Atathamangitsidwa, Taser amapanga makina awiri a zitsulo, otchedwa probes, pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi ponyamula cartridge ya mpweya wopanikizika. Ma probes adakali okhudzana ndi chipangizocho kudzera mu waya wonyezimira omwe amanyamula magetsi pamalopo.
Mankhwalawa amalowa mu khungu lachinsinsi, ngakhale kuti akhoza kukhala olimba ngati atakhala ndi zovala ngati akhala pafupi ndi thupi. Kuyankhulana ndi kosafunika kwambiri kuposa kafukufuku wowonjezera. Kufalikira kwakukulu, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Electro Muscular Incapacitation
Pamene ma probes amayenda ku phunziro, amafalitsa. Pamene ma probes amafika pachimake, amatumiza magetsi pakati pawo, zomwe zimasokoneza mauthenga a neuron pakati pa minofu ndi ubongo. Izi zikachitika, mitu yambiri imakhala yovuta kwambiri.
Nkhumbazo ndizo kuti nkhani zomwe zimalowera zimakhala zosatheka kupanga magulu a minofu kwa nthawi yonse yozungulira. Izi zimatchedwa kuti neuromuscular incapacitation. Pomwe kayendedwe katha, komabe zotsatira zimatha.
Maseŵera Othandizira ECD
Kuthamanga koyambako kumakhala kawirikawiri kumatha masekondi asanu, ngakhale msilikali angakhoze kuimitsa mwamsanga potseka chipangizochi. Pomwe ma probes ali pamalopo, msilikaliyo akhoza kupereka maulendo ambiri pamene akuwona kuti ndi kofunikira komanso koyenera.
Kukumana Kwakukulu Kwambiri
Ntchito yachiwiri ya Taser ndiyo kupeza zomwe zimadziwika ngati kutsata kupweteka. Ngati kusagwirizana ndi lingaliro losavuta, kugwiritsa ntchito ululu kutsatiridwa ndi kophweka. Ngati msilikali akupeza kuti ali pafupi ndi phunziro losavomerezeka, Taser ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda cartridge kuti iwonetsere magetsi omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apereke ululu. Cholinga chofuna kupwetekedwa ndi kukakamiza osagonjetsedwa kuti azitsatira zoyesayesa za msilikali.
Imfa Yokhudzana ndi Ntchito
Malingana ndi bungwe loona za ufulu wa anthu Amnesty International, anthu oposa 500 afa ku United States atatha kuwona ntchito kapena ECD kuyambira 2001. Amnesty International yazindikira kuti ECD sichiyenera kugwira ntchito mwachindunji kwa akufa, awonetsa nkhaŵa kuti ECD ingalimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagulu ndi apolisi.
Pali ochepa, ngati alipo, omwe amawatcha kuti Taser okhudzana ndi imfa adayesedwa mwachindunji ndi zotsatira za zipangizo zokha, ndipo mmalo mwawo ndi zotsatira za mtsogoleri wapadera ndi nkhani zina. Kawirikawiri, imfa imachokera ku chikhalidwe chodziwika kuti Delirium yosangalatsa, dziko limene kawirikawiri limawona mu nkhani zomwe ziri pamwamba pa zolimbikitsa zina ndi omwe akhala akumenyana ndi apolisi.
Kufa kwina ndi kuvulala kunayambika chifukwa cha malo ndi momwe zidazo zinayendetsedwa mogwirizana ndi nkhaniyi, monga pamtunda kapena pamwamba pa masitepe. Zikatero, nkhanizi zinavulazidwa ndi kugwa mosiyana ndi momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito. Pofuna kuchepetsa zochitikazi, opanga ECD amalimbikitsa, ndipo mabungwe amavomereza, malamulo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito.
Kupulumutsa Moyo ndi Kupewa Kuvulala
Taser International ndi ena opanga ECD amaumirira kuti, kuti mgwirizano sungagwirizane ndi zovuta. Pofuna kutsutsa zifukwa zokhudzana ndi imfa za ECD, mphamvu yochulukirapo komanso zina zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ECD, Taser akunena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi kupulumutsa anthu 75,000, kuvulaza anthu 60 peresenti ndi kuvulaza anthu ambirimbiri kuvulala ndi kufa apolisi oyang'anira chaka chilichonse.
Zida Zogwiritsira Ntchito Mafakitale: Zipangizo Zogwira Ntchito za Zamalonda
Mosasamala kanthu komwe mungatsikire pazokangana kuti ngati zipangizo zamagetsi zimagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, n'zovuta kukana kuti ndi chida chothandizira apolisi masiku ano.
Mankhwala ndi zipangizo zina zofanana, kuphatikiza zida zina zosavulaza komanso zopanda kupha, akupitiriza kusintha momwe apolisi akuyendera ndi kuthana ndi nkhani zachiwawa ndi zachiwawa. Zida zamakono izi ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chokha momwe zipangizo zamakono zimagwiritsidwira ntchito poyendetsa malamulo, komanso momwe zipangizo zamakono zakhala zikusinthira malo a anthu ena ogwira ntchito yolungama ndi milandu .