Phunzirani Zomwe Mwalemba Kufufuza ndi Kulemba Manja
Ngati muli ndi diso lachinsinsi, chilakolako cha kusanthula ndi kuthetsa mavuto, komanso kukhala ndi mwayi wozindikira kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu ndi maonekedwe, ndiye kuti mungakhale ndi chidwi ndi ntchito ngati wofufuza mafunso. Olemba a QDE, kapena olemba kafukufuku wamakalata, akuthandizira kuthetsa milandu powatsimikizira kuti zowona ndi zolembedwa ndi zolembedwa.
Ndemanga Yoyang'anira
Pafupipafupi zochitika zonse za zotsatira zake zimafuna malemba a mtundu wina, kudzera mu makontrakiti, kufufuza, zolemba zachuma ndi zina.
Ndi zolembedwa izi zimabweretsa mwayi waukulu wonyenga ndi chinyengo kudzera mukugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kupanga zolemba zabodza. Mapepala owonetsetsa akufufuza akuthandizira kuzindikira kuti zolembazo ndi zenizeni pomwe zowona zimakhala zovuta.
Kufunika kwa kafukufuku wamakalata kwakhalapo kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ngakhale ntchito yapadera yomwe yakhala ikuchitika tsopano ndi yatsopano. Asanafike kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, amilandu adzalandira luso la kulembera pamanja - kapena pulogalamu - aphunzitsi kuti athandize kudziwa ngati zolembazo zinali zenizeni kapena ayi.
Pulofesa wina, Albert S. Osborn, adadziwika bwino kwambiri ndipo adadziwika ndi mbiri yake, luso komanso kufunafuna choonadi. Atakhazikitsidwa yekha ngati katswiri wodziwika bwino pankhani yachinyengo ndi zochitika zachinyengo, Bambo Cooper anayambitsa bungwe la American Society of Questioned Document Examiners ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito mfundo za sayansi pofuna kutsimikiziridwa ndi zikalata zofunsidwa.
Iye akuyamika kwambiri poyambitsa munda monga gawo lolemekezeka la sayansi ya sayansi yomwe yakhala.
Ntchito Zogwira ntchito ndi Zolemba za Ntchito za Ofufuza Olemba Malemba
Olemba zikalata zofunsidwa ndi asayansi ofufuza zamankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito makamaka ku ofesi ndi ma laboratories. Iwo angagwire ntchito yachindunji yowonetsera, ofesi ya woweruza kapena bungwe la boma.
Monga sayansi ndi zamakono zakhala zikupita, chomwechonso chiri ndi ntchitoyi. Ofufuza olemba mapulogalamu amatsenga amagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta, kufufuza kwapadera ndi teknoloji ina kuti athandizire kufufuza malemba kuti adziwe kuti alidi oona.
A Southeastern Association of Forensic Document Examiners amafotokoza chikalata ngati "chirichonse chimene chimanyamula zizindikiro, zizindikiro, kapena zizindikiro zomwe zimatanthauza kapena kutumiza uthenga kwa wina." Izi zikutanthauza kuti mitundu ya zinthu zomwe olemba kafukufuku angafunike kuzifufuza ndi zopanda malire. Zina mwa mitundu yambiri ya opaleshoni yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi olemba kafukufuku wolemba zamalonda ndikuphatikiza matikiti a lotto, zofuna, mabungwe a mabanki ndi makalata.
Ofufuza kafukufuku wamakono akuyang'ana pa mafunso atatu osiyana pamene akutsimikizira chikalata: kuzindikira munthu amene anapanga chikalatacho, kutsimikiza kuti zizindikirozo ndi zoona, ndikukhazikitsa mbiri ndi magwero a zikalata.
Kufunsidwa kafukufuku wamakalata nthawi zambiri kumakhudzana ndi kusanthula kwa manja ndi kutsimikiziridwa kwa zolemba, koma munda umaphatikizapo mtundu wonse wa ntchito kuphatikizapo kudula ndi kusunga ntchito, zikalata zolembedwa ndi zolemba komanso ngakhale zolemba zofunikira kwambiri.
Kuphatikizidwa ndi kufufuza zinthu zomwe chikalatacho chimasindikizidwa, monga pepala kapena gumbwa, komanso inki yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chofunika kwambiri mbali iliyonse ya chilembacho ndi funso ndi kusanthula.
Ofufuza oyendetsa mapepala a zafukufuku amafunsidwa kuti apereke malipoti a zomwe apezazo komanso kupereka umboni wa khothi kuti athe kubwereza. Iwo amathandiza oimira milandu ndi ofufuza milandu , ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi olemba ndalama ndi mabungwe omwe amachititsa kuti azifufuza zachinyengo, monga United States Secret Service .
Ofufuza ena a zolemba zamakalata odziwika bwino amagwiritsa ntchito mwakhama pozindikira kutsimikizika kwa malemba akale komanso mbiri yakale. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale, archaeologists, ndi anthropologists angapemphe akatswiri kuti azindikire zaka kapena wolemba mabuku omwe amawoneka ngati ofunika kwambiri.
Maphunziro ndi Zofunika Zophunzira za Ofufuza Ofufuza
Malingana ndi American Society for Testing and Materials, yomwe imafalitsa miyezo ya ofunsira malemba ofunsidwa, omwe angakhale oyenerera ayenera kukhala ndi luso lapadera la kulingalira ndi luso lozindikira ndi kuzindikira kusiyana kwachinsinsi pakati pa zinthu, monga zitsanzo zolemba, mapepala, ndi inki.
Palibe mapulogalamu a koleji kapena diploma omwe adzayeneretsedwe ndi munthu aliyense kuti akhale woyang'anira malemba. M'malo mwake, olemba kafukufuku wamakalata ayenera kuti adapeza digiri ya bachelor mu sayansi ya chilengedwe ndipo amatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri akuphunzitsidwa kuti aphunzire.
Ofufuza malemba ayenera kukhala ndi maso abwino kwambiri ndipo ayenera kuyesedwa masomphenya kuphatikizapo kutha kusiyanitsa mitundu, mitundu, ndi maulendo.
Kukula kwa Ntchito ndi Kulipira Momwe Akuyendera Maofesi Ofufuza
Kufufuza kafukufuku wamakono akupitirizabe kukulirakulira, ngakhale kuti ntchito yogulitsa ntchito ndi yolimba. Kupeza ntchito ngati wolemba kafukufuku wamakalata makamaka mwachitetezo ndi kumanga oyanjana, zomwe zingatheke panthawi yophunzira. Kuti mupeze mipata ndikuphunzira za malonda, mukhoza kupita ku webusaiti ya American Society of Questioned Document Examiners ndikupeza akatswiri pafupi ndi inu omwe angathe kukuthandizani kuti muyende bwino. Kupeza mphamvu kungakhale kosiyana.
Kodi Ntchito Ngati Mafunsowo Amakafunsidwa Akuyang'anitsitsa Kuyenerera Inu?
Pamafunika kugwira ntchito mwakhama ndikuphunzira kuti apange luso lapadera la zolemba zogwirira ntchito. Komabe, ntchito ikhoza kukhala yosangalatsa kwambiri kwa munthu amene ali ndi diso lakuthwa komanso maganizo olingalira. Ngati izi zikumveka ngati inu, ndiye kuti ntchito ngati olemba mafunso ofunsidwa angakhale ntchito yanu yopanga ziphuphu .