Dongosolo la kayendedwe ka ADF / NDB ndi limodzi mwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka ndege komwe kakagwiritsidwabe ntchito lero. Zimagwira ntchito kuchokera pazithunzi zosavuta kwambiri zogwiritsa ntchito wailesi: njira yotumizira ma radio (NDB) imatumiza chizindikiro cha omnidirectional kuti antenna yodula ndege imalandira. Zotsatira zake ndi chida chowongolera ndege (ADF) chomwe chimasonyeza malo okwera ndege poyendetsa sitima ya NDB, kulola woyendetsa ndege "kupita" ku siteshoni kapena kufufuza njira kuchokera pa siteshoni.
ADF Component
ADF ndi Wopeza Makhalidwe Odzidzimutsa ndipo ndi chida choyendetsa galimoto chimene chimayang'ana kulunjika kwa woyendetsa ndegeyo. Zida zofufuza zowonongeka zimalandira mafunde a maulendo a pafupipafupi omwe amayenda pansi, kuphatikizapo mabungwe osayendetsa zinthu, zida zoyendetsa zipangizo zamakono ndipo amatha kulandira malo owonetsera malonda.
ADF imalandira mauthenga a pawailesi ndi ziphuphu ziwiri: antenna wozungulira ndi antenna. Antenna yachitsulo imapangitsa mphamvu ya chizindikiro chomwe amalandira kuchokera ku malo osungirako malo kuti azindikire momwe malo akuyendetsera, ndipo lingaliro la ndege likutanthauza ngati ndege ikuyandikira kapena kutali ndi sitima.
NDB Component
NDB ikuimira beacon osalangizidwa. NDB ndi malo osungira malo omwe amachokera kumbali iliyonse, yomwe imadziwika kuti omnidirectional beacon. Chizindikiro cha NDB chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi pakati pa 190-535 KHz sichipereka chitsogozo pa chitsogozo cha chizindikiro - mphamvu yake basi.
Maofesi a NDB amagawidwa m'magulu anayi:
- Malo okhala ndi kampasi ndi beacon low-homing beacon yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamayendedwe pafupi ndi beacon yokhayo ndipo ili ndi makilomita khumi ndi asanu ozungulira
- Gawo la Medium Homing (MH) liri ndi makilomita 25 ndiutical miles
- Gawo la Homing (H) lili ndi makilomita 50 ndiutical miles
- Malo otchuka a Homing (HH) ali ndi 75 nautical miles
Zizindikiro za NDB zimasunthira pansi, zotsatizana ndi kuphulika kwa dziko lapansi. Ndege zouluka pafupi ndi nthaka ndipo malo a NDB adzakhala ndi chizindikiro chodalirika, koma chizindikiro chikadali cholakwika.
Ziphuphu za ADF / NDB
- Zosokonekera Zopanda Dera: Makamaka pa nthawi yomwe dzuwa limalowa ndi kutuluka dzuwa, ionosphere imaonetsa zizindikiro za NDB ku Dziko, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa ADF singano.
- Kusakaniza Magetsi: M'madera a magetsi akuluakulu, monga mabingu, ADF singano idzasokonekera ku gwero la magetsi, kuchititsa kuwerenga kolakwika.
- Zolakwitsa Zam'madzi: Mapiri kapena mapiri otentha angayambitse kapena kusonyeza zizindikiro. Woyendetsa ndegeyo ayenera kunyalanyaza kuwerenga kolakwika m'maderawa.
- Kulakwitsa kwa Bungwe: Pamene ndege ikuyendayenda, malo amtundu wa antenna amalepheretsedwa, kuchititsa chida cha ADF kukhala chokhazikika.
Kugwiritsira Ntchito Kowathandiza ADF / NDB Navigation
Oyendetsa pilo apeza kuti ADF / NDB ikhale yodalirika posankha malo, koma kuti zikhale zophweka, ADF ikhoza kukhala yovuta kwambiri kugwiritsira ntchito. Poyambira, woyendetsa ndege amasankha ndikudziwika nthawi zambiri pa station ya NDB pa ADF wosankha.
Chida cha ADF chimakhala chizindikiro chokhazikika ndi khadi yomwe imayang'ana kutsogolo kwa beacon.
Kufufuzira ku sitima ya NDB mu ndege kungathe kuchitidwa ndi "homing," zomwe zikungosonyeza ndegeyo motsatira chingwe.
Ndili ndi mphepo yamkuntho, njira ya homing imapangika kawirikawiri ku siteshoni. M'malo mwake, zimapanga zitsanzo zambiri zapamwamba, makamaka kupanga kutalika.
Mmalo mokhalamo, oyendetsa ndege amaphunzitsidwa "kuyendetsa" ku siteshoni pogwiritsa ntchito maulendo odzudzula mphepo ndi mawerengero owerengeka owerengeka. Ngati woyendetsa ndege akupita kumalo osungira, bwalolo lidzasuntha pamwamba pa chizindikiro chonyamula, pa madigiri 0. Apa ndi pamene zimakhala zovuta: Pamene chizindikiro choyendetsera chikulozera madigiri 0, mutu weniweni wa ndegeyo umakhala wosiyana. Woyendetsa ndege ayenera kumvetsa kusiyana pakati pa mabale (RB), magnetic bearing (MB) ndi magnetic heading (MH) kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino ADF.
Kuwonjezera pa kuwerengera nthawi zonse zida zatsopano zamaginito zochokera kufupi ndi / kapena maginito, ngati timayambitsa nthawi mu equation - poyesera kuwerengera nthawi yopita, mwachitsanzo - pali kuwerengera kochulukirapo.
Apa ndi pamene oyendetsa ndege ambiri amagwa mmbuyo. Kuwerengera mutu wa maginito ndi chinthu chimodzi, koma kuwerengera zida zatsopano zamaginito pamene akuwerengera mphepo, mpweya, ndi nthawi yomwe ili panjira ingakhale ntchito yaikulu, makamaka kwa oyendetsa oyambirira.
Chifukwa cha ntchito yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi dongosolo la ADF / NDB, oyendetsa ndege ambiri ayima kugwiritsa ntchito. Pokhala ndi matekinoloje atsopano monga GPS ndi WAAS zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta, dongosolo la ADF / NDB likukhala lakalekale. Ena adachotsedwa kale ndi FAA.