Njira Yowona Kwambiri-Frequency Omnidirectional (VOR) ndiyo mtundu wa kayendedwe ka ndege . Ngakhale kuti ndi okalamba kuposa GPS , VORs ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo zakhala zodalirika kwambiri zopezeka panyanja kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1960, ndipo zimatumikirabe ngati chithandizo chothandiza kwa oyendetsa ndege popanda ntchito za GPS.
VOR System Components
Mawonekedwe a VOR amapangidwa ndi gawo limodzi ndi gawo lopempha ndege.
Malo osungiramo malo a VOR ali ponseponse komanso kumalo okwera ndege kuti apereke malangizo kwa oyendetsa ndege onse omwe ali paulendo komanso panthawi yomwe akubwera ndi kuchoka. Machitidwe a VOR amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo oyendetsa ndege angagwiritsebe ntchito VORs kuti ayendetse m'dziko lonselo.
Zida zogwiritsa ntchito ndege zimaphatikizapo zilembo za VOR, vOR chojambulira chojambulira, ndi chida chowombera. Mtundu wa zipangizo zimasiyanasiyana koma zimakhala ndi chimodzi mwa zotsatirazi: Chizindikiro cha Omni-Bear (Indicator Situation Indicator) (HSI) kapena Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI), kapena kuphatikiza mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana.
Zida Zoyesa Kutalika (DME) nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi VOR kuti apereke oyendetsa ndege chizindikiro chenicheni cha mtunda wa ndege kuchokera ku station ya VOR.
VORs ali ndi mphamvu yofalitsa mawu, ndipo VOR iliyonse ili ndi code yake yokhayo yomwe imasonyeza kuti imawonekera kwa oyendetsa ndege. Zimatsimikizira kuti oyendetsa ndege akuyenda kuchokera ku VOR station yoyenera, chifukwa nthawi zambiri pali VOR zambiri zomwe zimakhala mkati mwa ndege imodzi.
Momwe Izo Zimagwirira Ntchito
Vor ground station ikugwirizana ndi maginito kumpoto, ndipo imatulutsa zizindikiro ziwiri - chizindikiro cha 360-degree chosasintha ndi chizindikiro cha Omni-directional signal. Zizindikirozi zimafaniziridwa ndi wolandira ndege, ndipo kusiyana kwake pakati pawo kumayesedwa, kupereka malo enieni a ndege ndi kuwonetsera pa OBI, HSI kapena RMI.
VORs amabwera ndi mautumiki osiyanasiyana ndi mapiritsi osiyanasiyana: Wapamwamba, Otsika ndi Otsika. Malo okwera kwambiri a VORs angagwiritsidwe ntchito mpaka mamita 60,000 ndi 130 maulendo miles mailosi. Ndege yapamtunda ya VORs yapamtunda mpaka mamita 18,000 ndi mpaka 40 nautical miles kutalika. VORs yotchedwa Terminal imafika mamita 12,000 ndi 25 miles miles. Mndandanda wa VORs umapereka chithunzi chokwanira pamodzi ndi mavidiyo a VFR ndi IFR.
Zolakwa za VOR
Monga ndi dongosolo lililonse, VOR imabwera ndi mavuto ena. Ngakhale kuti ndi yolondola kwambiri komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa ndondomeko yakale ya NDB , VOR akadali chida chowonekera. Oyendetsa ndege akuyenda movutikira kapena kumapiri angapeze zovuta kuzindikira malo a VOR bwinobwino.
Ndiponso, pali "chida cha chisokonezo" pakuuluka pafupi ndi VOR. Kwa kanthaĊµi kochepa pamene ndege ikuuluka pafupi kapena pamwamba pa siteshoni ya VOR, chombo cha ndege chidzapereka kuĊµerenga kolakwika.
Potsirizira pake, machitidwe a VOR amafunikira nthawi zonse kukonza, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala kunja kwa nthawi yochepa pamene kukonzanso kumachitika.
Mapulogalamu Othandizira a VOR System Navigation System:
Pambuyo pokonzekera maulendo a VOR ndikuzindikiritsa kuti code Morse ndi yolondola, woyendetsa ndegeyo angathe kudziwa chomwe chimachokera ku VOR pomwe ndegeyo ili.
Chizindikiro cha OBI, HSI kapena RMI m'chipinda chowoneka chimawoneka ngati kampasi kapena chizindikiro, pogwiritsa ntchito singano yapamwamba ya Deviation Indicator (CDI). CDI idzagwirizana ndi maulendo omwe ndegeyo ilipo. Ophatikizidwa ndi DME, woyendetsa ndege akhoza kudziwa malo enieni kuchokera pa siteshoni.
Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito malo awiri a VOR kumapangitsa kudziwa malo enieni komanso olondola kwambiri pogwiritsira ntchito miyendo yozungulira, ngakhale popanda DME.
Oyendetsa ndege amayenda mazenera ena kupita ku VORs monga njira yoyamba yopita. Airways kawirikawiri amapangidwira komanso kuchokera ku VOR malo ogwiritsira ntchito mosavuta.
Mu mawonekedwe ake ofunika kwambiri, malo ogwiritsira ntchito VOR angagwiritsidwe ntchito popita ku eyapoti. Malo ambiri a VOR amakhala pa malo oyendetsa ndege, ndipo amachititsa ngakhale oyendetsa ndege kuti apite ku VOR kuti akapeze ndegeyo mosavuta.
Mchitidwe wa VOR uli pachiopsezo chokhazikitsidwa ndi FAA chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa matekinoloje atsopano monga GPS, WAAS , ndi ADS-B. Kwa nthawiyi, oyendetsa ndege adzapitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito VORs ngati chithandizo choyambirira choyenda, koma patapita nthawi, ngati ndege zowonjezereka zimakhala ndi ovomerezeka GPS, VORs zikhoza kuchoka pantchito.