Mutu 77 - Akuluakulu
(1) achita cholakwa chomwe chilango chonyozedwa ndi chaputala ichi, kapena zothandizira, kubwezera, uphungu, malamulo , kapena kuyendetsa ntchito yake; kapena
(2) amachititsa kuti achitepo kanthu kuti ngati mwachindunji akuchitapo kanthu adzalangidwa ndi mutu uwu; ndi wamkulu. "
Kufotokozera
(1) Cholinga . Mutu 77 sukutanthauza cholakwa. Cholinga chake ndikulongosola momveka bwino kuti munthu sayenera kuchita zofuna zake kuti akhululukire.
Munthu amene amathandizira, kubwezera, kulangizira, kulamula, kapena kubweretsa mlandu, kapena amene amachititsa kuti achite, zomwe ngati munthuyo wachita mwachindunji, angakhale wolakwa ndi wolakwa ngati wina mwachindunji, ndipo akhoza kulangidwa mofanana.
Mutu 77 umathetsa kusiyana kwa malamulo pakati pa wamkulu m'kalasi yoyamba ("wozunza"), wamkulu pamfundo yachiwiri (yemwe amathandiza, uphungu, malamulo, kapena amalimbikitsa kuti apereke chigamulo ndi amene ali pamalo a milandu -modziwika bwino kuti ndi "kuthandiza ndi wobwezeretsa"), ndi zowonjezera zowonjezereka (yemwe akuthandiza, uphungu, malamulo, kapena amalimbikitsa kuti apereke chigamulo ndi amene salipo pamalo a chigawenga). Zonsezi tsopano ndi "zikuluzikulu."
(2) Ndani angakhale wolakwa pa zolakwa?
(a) Wopanga . Wopha mnzake ndi amene amachititsa cholakwacho, kaya ndi wolakwira yekha kapena pochititsa kuti munthu alakwitse kudziwitsa kapena kudziwongolera mwachangu kapena kuyambitsa kayendetsedwe ka bungwe kapena nyama kapena chida chomwe chimapangitsa kuti apereke mlandu .
Mwachitsanzo, munthu yemwe amadziwa kuti amabisala mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'galimoto, kenako amachititsa munthu wina, yemwe sadziŵa ndipo alibe chifukwa chodziwira za kupezeka kwa mankhwala, kuyendetsa galimoto kumalo omenyera nkhondo, ndi, ngakhale kuti alibe galimoto, ndi kulengeza molakwika mankhwala osokoneza bongo pazowonjezera usilikali.
(Pazifukwa izi, dalaivalayo sakanakhala ndi mlandu uliwonse.) Mofananamo, ngati, pa malamulo a mkulu, msilikali amamuwombera munthu yemwe adawoneka msilikali kuti akhale mdani, koma amadziwidwa ndi wamkulu ngati bwenzi, wamkulu akhoza kukhala ndi mlandu wopha munthu (koma msilikali sangakhale wolakwa).
(b) Maphwando ena . Ngati wina si wolakwira, kuti akhale ndi mlandu wolakwira ndi wolakwira, munthuyo ayenera:
Yemwe, popanda kudziŵa kuti wachigawenga akupanga kapena kukonzekera, mosadziŵa amalimbikitsa kapena kupereka thandizo kwa wina pomutumizira kulakwitsa alibe mlandu. Onani zitsanzo zazitsanzo zomwe zili mu ndime 1b (2) (a) pamwambapa. Nthawi zina, kusagwirizana kungachititse munthu kukhala ndi phwando, pomwe pali udindo woti achite. Ngati munthu (mwachitsanzo, chitetezo) ali ndi udindo wothandizira kuti apereke cholakwa koma osasokoneza, munthuyo ndi phwando lachitetezo ngati chithandizochi sichikuthandizidwa kapena chikugwira ntchito monga chithandizo kapena chilimbikitso kwa wolakwira weniweniyo.
(ii) Gawani mu zolinga zachinyengo.
(i) Thandizani, kulimbikitsa, kulangiza, kulimbikitsa, kulangiza, kulamula, kapena kupeza wina kuti achite, kapena kuthandizira, kulimbikitsa, kulangiza, kulangiza, kapena kulamula wina mu ntchito ya mlandu; ndi
(3) Kukhalapo .
(a) Sikofunikira . Kukhalapo pa malo a chigawenga sikuli koyenera kuti pakhale phwando lachigawenga ndipo liyenera kukhala wamkulu. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene amadziwa kuti munthuyo akufuna kuwombera munthu wina ndikufuna kuti awonongeke, amupatsa munthu pisitolu, ali ndi mlandu wolakwira pamene wapalamula, ngakhale kuti sakupezekapo.
(b) Osakwanira . Kukhalapo pamwambo wa chigawenga sikupangitsa munthu kukhala wapamwamba pokhapokha ngati zofunikira pa ndime 1b (2) (a) kapena (b) zakhalira.
(4) Mapwando omwe cholinga chawo chimasiyana ndi wolakwira . Ngati cholakwa chikuphwanyidwa chimafuna umboni wa cholinga chenicheni kapena maganizo ena monga chidziwitso, umboniwo uyenera kutsimikizira kuti woimbidwa mlanduyo anali ndi cholinga kapena malingaliro, kaya woimbidwa mlanduyo ndi wotsutsa kapena "chipani china" .
N'zotheka kuti phwando likhale ndi vuto labwino kwambiri kuposa wolakwira. Zikakhala choncho, phwando likhoza kukhala ndi chilango chachikulu choposa chomwe chinapangidwa ndi wolakwira. Mwachitsanzo, munthu akapha munthu, wopha mnzakeyo akhoza kutentha mwadzidzidzi chifukwa cha kukhumudwa kokwanira ndipo amakhala ndi mlandu wopha munthu, pomwe phwando lomwe, popanda chilakolako chotere, limapereka chida chogwiritsira ntchito chida ndikulimbikitsa wolakwira kuti aphe wozunzidwa, adzakhala ndi mlandu wakupha. Koma, ngati phwando likuthandiza munthu wolakwira pomenyana ndi munthu yemwe, wodziwika yekha kwa wolakwira, ndiye wapolisi, phwandolo likanakhala ndi mlandu wokhawokha, pamene wolakwirayo adzakhala ndi mlandu wozunza wapolisi.
(5) Udindo wa milandu ina . Mkuluyo akhoza kuweruzidwa ndi zigawenga zopangidwa ndi mtsogoleri wina ngati zifukwa zoterozo zingakhale zochitika mwachibadwa komanso zowoneka kuti wochita chiwembu amapanga kapena kupanga. Mwachitsanzo, woimbidwa mlandu yemwe ali pulezidenti amakhala wolakwa ngati wamkulu osati wolakwa chabe, komabe, ngati wolakwira akupha munthu wogwira ntchito panthawi yozunza, wakupha. (Onaninso ndime 5 yokhudzana ndi zolakwa za ophwanya malamulo.)
(6) Akuluakulu amadziyimira okha . Mmodzi angakhale wamkulu, ngakhale wolakwirayo sakudziwika kapena akuimbidwa mlandu, kapena ali ndi ufulu.
(7) Kutaya . Munthu akhoza kuchoka pazinthu zomwe amagwirizanitsa kapena kukonza ndikupewera cholakwa pazolakwa zilizonse zomwe adazichita atachoka. Kuti ukhale wogwira mtima, kuchoka kwanu kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi:
(a) Ziyenera kuchitika chilango chisanapangidwe;
(b) Thandizo, chilimbikitso, uphungu, kulimbikitsidwa, uphungu, lamulo, kapena malonda operekedwa ndi munthuyo ayenera kumatsutsidwa kapena kutsutsidwa; ndi
(c) Kuchotsa ndalama ziyenera kulumikizidwa momveka bwino kwa ochita zoyipa kapena oyenerera ogwira ntchito za malamulo panthawi yomwe olakwira kuti asiye dongosolo kapena apolisi kuti athetse cholakwacho.
Mfundo Zapamwamba kuchokera ku Buku la Malamulo ku Khothi Lalikulu, 2002, Chaputala 4, Ndime 1