Zowonjezereka komanso zowonjezereka, mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zochitika zomwe wochita malonda amayendetsa zokolola zapamwamba popanda chifukwa choonjezera chiopsezo chakuti nthawi zambiri amakhala akuwombera.
Inde, amalima omwe akufika molimbika kuti apereke zokolola nthawi zambiri amasonyeza kusagwirizana ndi chiopsezo chodziwika bwino, m'malo mokhala ndi chiopsezo chachikondi pakusankha kwawo, kaya mwadzidzidzi kapena ayi.
Kufikira Kuti Ukhale Wokongola ndi Wopereka Mavuto
Mavuto azachuma a 2007 mpaka 2008 ndi chitsanzo chaposachedwapa cha kugwa kwa msika, makamaka, pofika poti apereke zokolola. Otsatsa malonda akudandaula kuti zokolola zapamwamba zimapangitsa kuti phindu la kubwereketsa ndalama zogulitsa ndalama zisamayesedwe ndi chiwopsezo chawo chobwezera. Pamene ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizozi zinkapita kumbuyo kapena zosasintha, zikhalidwe zawo zinagwedezeka. Vuto lalikulu la kuganizira zachuma ndikuyendetsa, kuchititsa madontho akuthwa m'mabuku ena otetezedwa ndi kulephera kapena pafupi-kulephera kwa mabungwe ambiri ogulitsa mabanki ndi mabungwe ogulitsa mabungwe.
Kufikira Kukhwima ndi Kukhwima Ndalama
Amalonda omwe amafika mofulumirira kuti apereke zokolola ndi ena mwa iwo omwe angayambe kuchitidwa nkhanza ndi ndalama.
Zoonadi, zambiri mwazochitika zachuma zachinyengo ndi zachinyengo zimaphatikizapo olakwira, omwe ndi otchuka kwambiri Charles Ponzi ndi Bernard Madoff, omwe adalimbikitsa kwambiri anthu omwe akufunitsitsa kupeza zokolola zambiri pa ndalama zawo, osakhutira ndi mwayi wopezera ndalama.
Otsatsa Malonda Atsogolere Akufika Kuti Akhale Othandiza
Pakati pa chiwongoladzanja chokhala ndi chiwongoladzanja chofanana ndi chomwe chinakhalapo pambuyo pa mavuto azachuma ndi ngongole a 2007 mpaka 2008, anthu ambiri ogulitsa mabungwe , monga makampani a inshuwalansi ndi ndalama zothandizira pulogalamu ya penshoni, akhala akupanikizika kuti afike pokolola.
Zokolola zochepazi zimachokera ku zochitika ndi Federal Reserve ndi mabanki ena apadziko lonse lapansi pofuna kulimbikitsa chuma chawo potsatira zotsatira zachuma cha 2007 mpaka 2008. Makampani a inshuwalansi ndi ndalama zapenshoni zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa zimakhala zovuta kuti apeze chiopsezo chachikulu kuti apange zobwezeretsa zofunika kuti akwaniritse maudindo awo. Zotsatira zake ndi kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa chiwopsezo cha ndalama.
Zotsatira pa mtengo wa Bond
Makampani a inshuwalansi ndi ndalama zapenshoni ndi ogula akuluakulu a ngongole zachuma ndi zakunja ndipo motero ndizofunika kwambiri zopezera ndalama kwa mabungwewa. Zogula zogulitsa mabungwe amenewa zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kupereka ndi mtengo wa ngongole. Zotsatira za momwe akufikira zokolola zimawoneka pamtengo wa ngongole zatsopano ndi pamtengo wa zida zomwezo m'msika wachiwiri. Mwachidule, pamene mabungwe akuluakulu a zachuma akuyesetsa kupeza zokolola, amapereka mtengo wa zowonjezereka, motero amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chiwongoladzanja chomwe okhoma okhwima ayenera kulipira.
Makhalidwe Osadziwika
Akatswiri ofufuza maphunziro apeza kuti kupeza zokolola kumakhala koopsa komanso kosavuta panthawi yachuma pamene mgwirizano umabwerera nthawi zambiri.
Zowonjezereka, khalidweli likuwoneka bwino mu makampani a inshuwalansi omwe amayang'anizana kwambiri ndi malamulo oyendetsera ndalama. Ofufuza ena amatsutsa kuti malamulo othandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo chachuma cha makampani a inshuwalansi amachititsa kuti apeze zokolola. Chinsinsi cha kupeza izi ndizowona kuti ngakhale zida zogwirizana kwambiri za chiopsezo ndizopanda ungwiro, ngati sizinali zolakwika.
Kuwerenga Kwambiri
Onaninso "Kufika Poti Mukhale Wovomerezeka M'gwirizano" ndi aphunzitsi a Bo Becker ndi Victoria Ivashina wa Harvard Business School, HBS Paper Paper Number 12-103, yomwe inatulutsidwa mu May 2012 ndipo inafalitsidwa pa June 15, 2012.