Zofunika za Maphunziro ndi Chilakolako
Madokotala , omwe amatchedwanso madokotala, amazindikira ndi kuchiza matenda a anthu ndi kuvulala. Malingana ndi kusiyana kwa maphunziro awo ndi mafilosofi, iwo ali ndi dzina la MD (Doctor of Medicine) kapena DO (Dokotala wa Osteopathic Medicine) pambuyo pa mayina awo, mwachitsanzo, Jane Brown, MD kapena Jim Smith, DO.
Ngakhale awiri a MDs ndi AM akugwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe kuti athe kuchiza odwala awo - mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ndi opaleshoni-madokotala a osteopathic mankhwala (osteopaths) akugogomezera mankhwala onse, kuteteza anthu, ndi mawonekedwe a thupi. Madokotala a zamankhwala angathenso kutchulidwa kuti allopaths. Mudzaphunzira zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti mukhale dokotala kuphatikizapo maphunziro ndi zovomerezeka , monga mtundu uliwonse wa maphunziro omwe mumasankha.
Choyamba, funsani ngati muli ndi makhalidwe omwe angakuthandizeni kuti mukhale ogwira ntchitoyi . Chifukwa chakuti maphunziro anu makamaka amaphatikizapo maphunziro a sayansi, muyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu pa nkhaniyi. Kuphatikiza pa izi, luso lapadera lomwe ndi makhalidwe omwe amakulolani kuti muchite bwino ntchito yanu, amafunika. Inu, ndithudi, muyenera kukhala achifundo komanso omvera maganizo a anthu ena. Kuganiza mwamphamvu kuganiza ndi kuthetsa mavuto , komanso luso lakumvetsera ndikulankhula bwino , lingakuthandizeni kulankhula ndi odwala ndi anzanu. Muyeneranso kukhala okonzeka bwino komanso ofotokoza mwatsatanetsatane.
01 Maphunziro Ofunikila
Muyenera kupita ku sukulu ya zachipatala yomwe ikuvomerezedwa ndi Komiti Yolumikizana pa Maphunziro a Zamankhwala (LCME) kapena American Osteopathic Association Commission pa Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA). Mawebusaiti a mabungwe awiriwa akulemba mapulogalamu ovomerezeka.
Kodi mungayembekezere kuti muphunzire kusukulu? Maphunziro anu adzaphatikizapo zotsatirazi koma zingakhale zosiyana malinga ndi momwe mukupezeka pulogalamu ya allopathic kapena osteopathic:
- Zomangamanga Zomangamanga
- Kuphatikiza Pathophysiology
- Mankhwala Ovuta Kwambiri ndi Othandiza Kwambiri
- Physiology
- Matenda Achilengedwe
- Pharmacology
- Histology ndi Embryology
- Mankhwala Oyenera
- Immunology
- Matenda opatsirana
- Ophthalmology
- Akuluakulu a Zamankhwala
- Akuluakulu Opaleshoni
Kuphatikiza pa maphunziro anu, mudzalandira maphunziro akuluakulu a zachipatala kudzera mu kusintha kwa kliniki. Yembekezerani kuti muzigwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zachipatala kuphatikizapo ana, matenda opatsirana ndi amayi, mankhwala am'banja, opaleshoni, mankhwala achidziwitso, ndi mankhwala amkati, kuphunzitsidwa ndi odwala.
02 Kupita ku Sukulu ya Zamankhwala
Nkhaniyi imanenanso kuti ambiri omwe amapempha kuti athe kudwala matendawa ndi ophunzira omwe si achikhalidwe omwe ndi achikulire (oposa 25% aliwonse ali ndi zaka 26 kapena kuposa). Amachokera kuntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Mapulogalamu a Allopathic (MD) amakhalanso okonda kwambiri komanso osankha. Monga mapulogalamu a DO, amayang'ana ophunzira omwe apanga bwino maphunziro. Amakonda zopemphazo ndi luso lapadera lolankhulana komanso omwe asonyeza makhalidwe abwino.
Ofunikanso akuyenera kuti adakwaniritsa zofunikira pa maphunziro a sayansi mu sayansi, kuphatikizapo biology ndi zowonjezera komanso zamagetsi, masamu, Chingerezi, ndi ziwerengero. Ngakhale kuti zofunikira zenizeni zimasiyanasiyana ndi sukulu, American Medical Association (AMA) imanena kuti mapepala apakati pa 3.5 ndi 4 pa mlingo wa 4 amafunika kuti alowe (American Medical Association. Kukonzekera Sukulu ya Zamankhwala). Komanso, munthu ayenera kuchita bwino pa Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT).
03 Zimene Mukuyenera Kuchita Mukamaliza Maphunziro Anu Achipatala
Ngakhale gulu lirilonse liri ndi zofunikira zake, zonsezi zimafuna kukwaniritsa sukulu yachipatala yovomerezeka ndi maphunziro azachipatala omwe amaphunzira. Ma MDs ayenera kudutsa magawo atatu onse a ku United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), ndipo aDS ayenera kudutsa magawo atatu onse a Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX-USA). Lankhulani ndi bungwe lachipatala la boma lanu kuti muphunzire za zofunikira zake. Bungwe la State Medical Boards likufalitsanso zofunikanso za boma pa Chilolezo choyamba cha zamankhwala.
Kuphatikiza pa kupeza chilolezo cha boma, madokotala ambiri amasankha kukhala bungwe lovomerezeka muzochita zamankhwala. Mapologalamu onse a American Board of Medical Specialties amapereka chidziwitso chomwe chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa zaka zingapo. Chizindikiritso choyamba chimafuna kuthetsa sukulu ya zachipatala ndi maphunziro a zachipatala ophunzirako, ndikupenda mayeso olembedwa kapena omveka m'derali.
Mmene Mungapezere Ntchito Yanu Yoyamba Monga Dokotala
Kupeza layisensi kungakhale njira yayitali-bwalo lovomerezeka liyenera kutsimikizira kuti mwakumana ndi ziyeneretso zanu zonse-ndipo mtengo wokwera mtengo kwambiri ndi malipiro kuyambira pa zochepa mpaka madola mazana angapo. Panthawi yomwe mwakonzeka kufunafuna ntchito, mudzakonzekera bwino kugwira ntchito. Pano pali ena mwa makhalidwe omwe abambo akufuna omwe amawafuna ntchito. Olemba ntchito amawalemba pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zolemba ntchito:
- "Amatsatira zofunikira kwambiri za zamankhwala, machitidwe, ndi utsogoleri nthawi zonse."
- "Malemba olondola ndi othandizira panthaŵi ya zolemba zachipatala."
- "Amawonetsa kulemekeza ndi kukhudzidwa ndi kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe."
- "Mphamvu zolimbikitsa komanso kugwira ntchito bwino ndi ena."
- "Vuto limathetsa nzeru ndi luntha."
- "Ayenera kukhala wothandizira masewera ndipo azilakalaka zomwe mukuchita."