Mukudziwa momwe ndege zimaloŵera ndi kutuluka m'mabwalo okwera ndege pamene palibe malo olamulira ? Nkhani yaying'ono ndi yakuti amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamagalimoto zamtunduwu, kulowa ndi kuchoka pa malo omwe amapezeka pamtunduwu komanso kuthawa njira yodalirika pamlengalenga podziwika pawailesi. Ndichoncho. Zimagwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri. Tsopano, apa pali nthawi yaitali.
Ndege zoyera zimayembekezereka kuthawa kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto pafupi ndi ndege.
Pazitsamba zazing'ono, zopanda mphamvu, ndege zimaloledwa kulowa ndi kuchoka zokongola ngakhale zili zofuna. Mwamtheradi, amatha kuyenda mozungulira mmalo mwa makoswe, ndipo amatha kuwuluka ndikukapitiliza kupanga mipiringidzo ngati akufuna (kupatula FAA ikakayikira ndi kuitanitsa Gawo 91.13, lomwe likuti palibe amene angachite mwanjira yomwe ingasokoneze ena). Koma pali chitsanzo chofanana chomwe (ambiri) oyendetsa ndege amayenda mkati ndi kunja kwa ndege, ndipo ndi rectangle ndi mbali zisanu ndi chimodzi, kapena "miyendo."
- Malangizo : Njira yoyendera magalimoto imayenderera kumanzere, kutanthauza kuti ndege ikupanga kuseri kutembenukira mu chitsanzo. Zopanda malire, kapena kutembenuka kwabwino, zimakhalapo kuti zisawononge malo kapena zovuta, kapena njira zochepetsera phokoso, koma dongosolo labwino ndi lamanzere.
- Kutalika : Chitsanzocho chimayenda pafupifupi mamita 1,000 AGL, kapena pamwamba pamtunda, kapena pamalo okwera omwe amapezeka ku FAA. Kutalika uku kungasinthe malingana ndi choletsedwa, malo, ndi phokoso lochepetsedwa. Kwa bwalo la ndege pamtunda wamtunda, njira yamtunda yamtunda idzakhala MSL 1,000. Kwa ndege yapamwamba yomwe ili pamwamba mamita 5,500, kutalika kwa magalimoto pamtunda kungakhale MSL pafupifupi 6,500 (monga kuwerengedwa pa altimeter ya ndege).
- Kuthamanga kwa ndege: Onse oyendetsa ndege amayenera kutsatira zolimbitsa msangamsanga zowonjezera ma 200 njira zamagalimoto, ndipo ayenera kusintha mofulumira kuti afanane ndi ndege zina mwachitsanzo momwe angathe.
Njira yamagalimoto ingagawidwe mu magawo asanu ndi limodzi: Mgugu wopita, mwendo wolowetsa pansi, mwendo wolowetsa pansi, mwendo wotsamira, womaliza, ndi wotsitsimula.
Kutuluka Mwendo
Monga momwe wina angaganizire, mwendo wopita ndi njira yomwe ndege imayenderera pokhapokha atachoka. Paulendo wopita, woyendetsa ndege akukwera ndegeyo molunjika kuchoka pamsewu wothamanga, kaya kuwonetsera kumawoneka - kuyang'ana kunja kuti akhale ndi malo otalikirapo - kapena kupitiriza kuyendetsa pamsewu. Woyendetsa ndegeyo adzasunga msewu waukulu wa msewu mpaka kufika pamtunda wa mamita atatu pamtunda. Pogwiritsa ntchito MSL mamita 1,000, woyendetsa ndege angayambe ulendo wake wopita kumtunda wa mamita pafupifupi 700, akukwera mpaka nthawi yonseyo.
Crosswind Leg
Msolo wa mtanda umachitika pambuyo poyamba kutembenuka kwa 90 ° kufika pamtunda wa mamita makumi atatu pansi pamtunda paulendo wopita ku malo osiyana kwambiri ndi msewu. Woyendetsa ndegeyo apitirize kukwera phirilo kuti apite kumtunda. Mgugu uwu umatha masekondi pang'ono pa ndege zowonongeka; Pafupifupi theka la mailosi kutali ndi msewu, woyendetsa ndegeyo adzapanganso kumbuyo kwa mwendo wotsikawu. A
Mtsinje wa Downwind
Pafupifupi theka la mailosi kutali ndi msewu wogwiritsiridwa ntchito, woyendetsa ndegeyo ayenera kuyang'ana kumbuyo kwa mwendo wotsika, womwe umagwirizana ndi msewuwu ndipo umayendayenda mosiyana ndi kayendetsedwe kake.
Ndege idzakhala ikuyenda "ndi mphepo" kapena njira imene mphepo ikuwomba. Woyendetsa ndege amayenda kutalika kwa msewu pamtunda wapamwamba ndipo amayamba kukonzekera kukwera, mwinamwake kumaliza mndandanda wa "kutsogolo", kuwonjezera zizindikiro ndi / kapena kuonetsetsa kuti gear ili pansi ndi kutsekedwa panthawiyi. Abeamu (90 digiri peresenti) pa malo otsika, kapena kutha kwa msewu kumagwa, woyendetsa ndegeyo akhoza kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi kuyamba kuyamba pang'ono.
Base Leg
Poyendetsa pansi, pamtunda wa 45-degree kuchokera kumapeto kwa msewu, woyendetsa ndege ayenera kuyambitsa gombe lamasitima kupita ku phazi la kumunsi, kachiwiri kumalo otsetsereka. Woyendetsa ndegeyo akupitirizabe kukula kwa mwana wake panthawi yomwe akuwongolera ngati kuli kofunikira.
Pakadutsa madigiri 90 kuchokera pamtunda wothamanga, woyendetsa ndegeyo amatha kumapeto kwa mwendo wake.
Final Leg
Gawo lomaliza la chitsanzoli liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza njirayi, podziwa kukonzekera kwa ndege, mpweya, mpweya, ndi chiwongoladzanja. Pogwiritsa ntchito glide njirayi, woyendetsa ndegeyo amakhala pamtunda woyendetsa ndegeyo, akuyenda mofulumira komanso pamalo oyenera kuti azikhala ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito. Patsiku lomaliza la chitsanzo, woyendetsa ndege amatsikira panjira yopita.
Mphuno Yokwera
Pa njirayi, zinthu zambiri zikhoza kuchitika zomwe zingachititse woyendetsa ndege kuyendayenda kapena kuchita "njira yophonyozedwa." Ndege ina yomwe ili pamsewu, njira yosakhazikika kapena kukhalapo kwachisokonezo kungatanthawuze kuti woyendetsa ndege adzasankha kuti asapite, koma adzachita njira yophonyoza kapena kuyendayenda, momwemo woyendetsa ndegeyo adzawonjezera mphamvu (kapena kutenga) , akukwera pansi, ndikuyanjananso ndegeyo chifukwa cha kukwera kwake. Panthawiyi, woyendetsa ndegeyo ayenera kulowetsa mbali yowonjezera, yomwe imayendetsedwa kumbali yowongoka ya msewu (chifukwa chotsatira chitsanzo chotsalira) pang'ono. Msowu wongolumpha ukanatha kuthamanga mpaka kuti ufike pamtunda wa mtanda.
Kulowa ku Chitsanzo
Kulowera pamsewu wamagalimoto, ngati, kotheka, kupangidwa kuchokera ku digiti 45 mpaka kulowera mwendo, kuphatikizapo mwendo wathyoka wa pulogalamu yomwe ili pakatikatikati pa munda, kapena ndi nthawi yokwanira yoyendetsa ndegeyo ndege kwa njira yachizolowezi.
Kutuluka Mu Chitsanzo
Zomwe zimachoka pamtunduwu ziyenera kuyendayenda kuchokera kumtunda kapena kumtunda, kapena kuti mbali ya 45 digiri yoyendetsera njira yomwe ili pamtunda.
ZOYENERA: Awa ndi malangizo okha. Ofika pamabwalo othawa osalimba nthawi zambiri amachokera kumbali zonse, ndipo kuchoka nthawi zambiri kumachokera kumalo aliwonse amene woyendetsa ndege amasankha. Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti tikhalebe tcheru pakuzindikira bwino magalimoto omwe amapezeka komanso kutuluka m'mabuku onse. Samalani ndi kupempha mailesi pa nthawi yake nthawi zonse.
Chitsime: FAA Flying Handbook