GPS imapereka zidziwitso zofunikira mu malo omenyana
Kunena kuti ma satellites omwe amapanga gulu la Global Positioning System ndizokonzanso zowonongeka ndi kuponderezedwa kwa zaka za m'ma 2100. Pogwiritsa ntchito kayendetsedwe kake ndi mawonekedwe, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) yakhala imodzi mwa njira zamakono zamakono kwa asilikali a US kuyambira pakukula kwake pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Zakhala mbali yofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wathu komanso asilikali kuti tsopano ali ndi webusaiti yake ya boma kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi ogulitsa.
GPS ndiyo chitsanzo chabwino cha matekinoloje omwe achoka ku machitidwe oyenerera.
Mbiri ya GPS: Kuthandiza Asilikali Kuyenda
Zomwe amadziwika kuti "GPS", Global Positioning System zakhala zikupezeka malonda kuchokera mu 1994. Ndipo dongosolo la satana loyendetsa kayendetsedwe ka malo padziko lonse la US likudziwika bwino chifukwa chothandiza anthu oyendetsa galimoto kuti azitha kuyenda m'misewu ya m'misewu pa mafoni athu ndi magalimoto machitidwe.
Koma teknoloji - yomwe imapereka chithandizo chodalirika choyenda panyanja ndi zithunzi zowonjezereka kulikonse padziko lapansi - yatsimikizira kuti ndi chida chamtengo wapatali kwa asilikali a US ndi mabungwe ena otetezera padziko lonse kuyambira m'ma 1980.
Pokhala ndi luso lokhazikitsa malo abwino nthawi zonse, masana kapena usiku, mulimonse momwemo, GPS yathandizira asilikali ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan kuti apite kudera lopanda kanthu, lopanda kanthu lomwe liri ndi zizindikiro zochepa kapena zosazindikiritsa. Awonetsanso kuti ndi odalirika mkuntho wa mchenga pamene kuwonekera kumachepetsedwa.
Chipangizochi chimathandizanso asilikali a US ndi mabungwe ake kuti azitha kusiyanitsa asilikali okondana ndi magulu ankhondo.
Momwe Makhalidwe a Satellite Amagwirira Ntchito
Pulogalamu ya Global Positioning - yomwe imadziwika kuti NavStar bwalo padziko lapansi kawiri pa tsiku. Ngati muli ndi receiver GPS, wolandira GPS amatenga izi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito satellites 3-4 kuti triangulate malo enieni malo.
Ndi nthawi yofunikira, mtunda, msinkhu, ma mathati a satellites kwa omwe akulandirawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire kutalika kwake komwe akuchokera ku ma satellites. Kusiyana kwa nthawi kumamuuza wolandira GPS kutali komwe satanayo iliri kutali. Tsopano, ndi miyeso ya mtunda kuchokera ku ma satellite angapo, wolandirayo akhoza kudziwa malo a wogwiritsa ntchito ndi kuwonetsa pa mapu a unit.
Wogwiritsa ntchito GPS ayenera kutsekedwa ku chizindikiro cha ma satellite 3 kuti azindikire chigawo ndi longitude ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Pokhala ndi ma satellite anayi kapena ambiri, wolandila akhoza kudziwa malo a 3-D omwe ali nawo (latitude, longitude, ndi kutalika). Gulu la GPS lingathe kuwerengera zina, monga kufulumira, kubala, kuyendayenda, mtunda wautali, mtunda wopita kumene, kutuluka kwa dzuwa ndi kutuluka kwa nthawi nthawi ndi zina.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwambiri
Zidazi zilipo pa ndege, ndege, ndege, nkhondo zankhondo, magalimoto apansi komanso asilikali. Boma la North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) lapanga zipangizo za GPS kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mayiko ake omwe ali mamembala.
Zithunzi zambiri za satellita zomwe zinaperekedwa ndi GPS ndizofunikira kwambiri ku magulu anzeru . Asilikali ogwira ntchito mwanzeru amagwiritsa ntchito GPS kuti adziwe zambiri zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azitha kusankha zochita komanso zogwira ntchito nthawi yeniyeni.
Zotsatira Zamtsogolo za Chipangizo
Kuyambira pa September 1, 2016, panali ma satellites 31 ogwira ntchito ku gulu la GPS. Siphatikizapo ma satellites omwe ataya ntchito atayendetsedwa pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kuwathandiza. Ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito satellites ikugwetsedwa ndi satellites 12 yomwe inayambira mu 1997-2004, yomwe inayambika mu 2004 -2009, ndipo 12 inayambika mu 2010-2016 kwa magulu okwana 31 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito satellites omwe amapanga ma GPS onse . Panali mapulani a khumi ndi awiri a satellite kuti akwaniritse mu 2016 -2017 kuti akhalenso ndi ma satellites okalamba omwe akhala akugwira ntchito kupitirira moyo wawo. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza malo a nyenyezi, pitani pa webusaiti ya NAVCEN yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Coast Guard.
Gulu lonse la asilikali likuyang'ana ntchito zatsopano za GPS.
Zidazi zikuwonjezeredwa ku zida ndi zida, ndipo mayiko ena - monga ankhondo a Israeli - akufufuza kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za GPS kukhala zovala zankhondo ndi yunifolomu kuti olamulira akumunda athe kuyang'ana kayendetsedwe ka asirikali awo nthawi yeniyeni. Boma la Israeli linanena kuti kulowetsa zipangizo za GPS pa yunifolomu ya asilikali kungathandizenso kuchepetsa moto waubwenzi.