Chiphalalachi Chinagwiritsidwanso Ntchito Monga Nkhondo

Chida chamakono chamakono chikugwiritsabe ntchito

Madzi otentha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo, napalm wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi United States kuyambira pa nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse. Dziko la US linali dziko loyamba kugwiritsa ntchito napalm mu nkhondo, ndipo ndi mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa omwe angagwiritsebe ntchito polimbana ndi adani.

Napalm imatchulidwa ndi mankhwala awiriwa: naphthenic acid ndi aciditic palm. Amamatira ku khungu ndipo amachititsa kuwotcha koopsa kwa ozunzidwa, makamaka pamene akugwira moto.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa napalm motsutsana ndi zigawenga kunadulidwa ndi bungwe la United Nations pa Zida Zina Zowonongeka mu 1980, koma US akupitiriza kuligwiritsa ntchito ngati chida cholimbana ndi zolinga zankhondo

Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe cha Napalm

Mchaka cha 1942, katswiri wa sayansi ya zakutchire ku Harvard, Louis Fieser, anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chotchedwa napalm. Choyamba chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi US ku Japan panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, kuwotcha nyumba komanso ngati zida zotsutsana ndi anthu. A US adapitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito napalm pa nkhondo za Korea ndi Vietnam, kuti ziwonongeke. Chithunzi chotchuka chotchedwa Vietnam "Napalm Girl" chikuwonetsa gulu la ana akulira omwe akuthawa ndi napas ndipo ambiri mwa iwo amavutika kwambiri.

Ngakhale apangidwa mosiyana kusiyana ndi kale, napalm ikugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi asilikali a US kuntchito zolimbana.

Kupangidwa kwatsopano kwa Napalm B

Napalm yamasiku ano imadziwika kuti "Napalm B." Ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi napalm yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Vietnam ndi nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse.

Bungwe la Napalm B limapangidwa ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana kusiyana ndi napalm ya kale. Komabe, ngakhale zikhalidwe zake zosiyana, Napalm B nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ndi ankhondo monga "napalm."

Napalm B kawirikawiri ili ndi pulasitiki polystyrene ndi hydrocarbon benzene. Mafakitalewa amaphatikizapo kupanga jellied petrool, yomwe imakhala yotentha kwambiri komanso yotenthedwa ikapsa.

Bungwe la Napalm B ndi losavuta kulamulira komanso kuyendetsa mosamala kusiyana ndi mitundu yapitayi yapamtunda - yomwe inali yotentha kwambiri yomwe imakhala ikuyaka moto pamene asilikali akusuta fodya pafupi nayo.

Nthawi ya Napalm B nthawi zina imatchedwa "Super Napalm" pamene imatentha nthawi yaitali kusiyana ndi zakale. Zitha kutentha kwa mphindi 10, pamene mafilimu akale a napalm nthawi zambiri amatentha kwa masekondi osachepera 30.

Napalm monga Zida Zosautsa

Napalm B imadziwika ngati "chida choopsa" chifukwa ikhoza kuyambitsa moto, ziphuphu ndi kuyaka kwakukulu. Zingachititsenso kuti anthu asokonezeke maganizo kwambiri ndi anthu omwe ali pafupi ndi malo otsekemera, komanso mphepo yomwe yafika maola 70 pa ola limodzi. Napalm ndi yodabwitsa chifukwa nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito khungu la anthu ndipo n'zovuta kuchotsa ngakhale pamene ikuyaka.

Bungwe la Napalm B limagwiritsidwa ntchito poononga malo a adani monga bunkers, foxholes, mitanda ndi malo ogona. Kutuluka kwina kwa Napalm B kuchokera ku ndege yapamtunda ya asilikali kungathe kuwononga malo oposa 2,500. Ndipo ngakhale kuti lamuloli likuletsedwa polimbana ndi anthu, lamulo la mayiko silimaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito napalm kutsutsana ndi zolinga za nkhondo.