Amatchedwanso Ndalama za Municipal
- Zigawuni za sukulu
- Mitundu yowonjezera ndi misewu ina
- Mabwalo ndi tunnel
- Ndege
- Maulendo apakati, monga njanji, basi, subway ndi mzere wa zitsulo
- Machitidwe a madzi a Municipal
- Sewer systems
- Zida ndi zonyansa
- Mabungwe ogetsi a magetsi
- Masewera oyendetsedwa ndi anthu, mabwalo a masewera, masewera okwera ndi masewera a masewera
- Malo osungirako malo ndi zosangalatsa
Lachiŵiri ndilo nthambi ya mabanki ndi mabungwe otetezera ndalama omwe amadziwika bwino popereka ndalama kwa maboma ndi akuluakulu a boma kudzera mu kukhazikitsa ndi kulengeza nkhani za mgwirizano.
Ulamuliro wa zachuma wa boma
Gawo la ndalama za boma lomwe limaphatikizapo kayendetsedwe ka chuma ndi maboma, mabungwe ndi maulamuliro amaitana anthu omwe ali ndi luso monga:
Pothandiza ndalama za boma, makampani azachuma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe a boma nthawi zambiri ayenera kugwira ntchito ndi osankhidwa kuti apange malamulo ndi malamulo okhudza ndalama zosiyanasiyana, makamaka:
- Misonkho
- Malipiro ogwiritsira ntchito ndi malipiro
- Malipiro
- Kubwereka
Kusewera masewera mu Zigawo Zachuma
Zakale, zozoloŵera za zochitika za bajeti m'magulu a boma ndizogwiritsa ntchito Msonkhano wa Washington Ploy kuti ateteze mutu ndi kugwiritsira ntchito pamene akugwetsa kutsutsa anthu poyera kuwonjezeka kwa msonkho, msonkho wamagetsi komanso / kapena ndalama.
pamene akuvala kutsutsana ndi anthu kuwonjezeka kwa mitengo ya msonkho, ndalama zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito komanso / kapena ndalama.
Kugwirizana kwa a Municipal and Mergers
M'mayiko angapo, kuchuluka kwa mabungwe a boma ndi / kapena magulu ang'onoang'ono pa mlingo uliwonse nthawi zambiri amalembedwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama za boma zomwe zimaposa chiwerengero cha kuchepa kwa zinthu zogulitsa katundu ndi ntchito muzipinda zapadera. Njira yowonongeka yotchuka ndiyo kulimbikitsa kapena kuphatikiza mizinda ing'onoing'ono ndi zigawo za sukulu, pakati pa mabungwe ena a boma, kuthetseratu ntchito yowonjezera yowonongeka ndi malo opanda pake, motero kuchepetsa ndalama. Mofananamo, pamakhala mizinda ing'onoing'ono komanso maofesi ena omwe sali ndi ntchito yogawa kapena kugawa nawo ntchito, monga mapepala a zinyalala, kukonza msewu ndi kulima kwa chisanu, kufalitsa mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa magalimoto okwera mtengo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osagwira ntchito. Komanso, midzi yoyandikana nayo ingayambe kugawana nawo apolisi, ntchito zamoto ndi zopulumutsa mu mtengo womwewo kuchepetsa kuyesa.
Kafukufuku wam'tsogolo, komabe, akuwonetsa kuti kugwirizanitsa komatauni ndi kuphatikiza sizingatheke kukwaniritsa zoyembekeza monga njira zopezera ndalama koma zingakhale zosiyana ndi zomwe zakhudzidwa. Onaninso "Pamene Makampani a Civic Sungasunge Ndalama," Wall Street Journal , pa 29 August 2011.
Iwo akuganiza kuti gulu la maboma angapo ang'onoang'ono likhoza kuthera ndalama zochepa, kuphatikizapo, kuposa boma limodzi lalikulu lomwe likuphatikiza ntchito zawo zonse pa zifukwa zazikulu izi:
- Maboma ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsa ntchito akatswiri ochepa kwambiri omwe amapatsidwa ndalama monga a lawyers.
- Maboma ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi malipiro ochepa komanso opindula (monga inshuwalansi ndi penshoni) zofanana.
- Maboma ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maudindo ambiri odzazidwa ndi malipiro ochepa.
Mbali ina ya maboma ang'ono omwe sanatchulidwe m'nkhaniyi ndikuti iwo ndi oposa maulamuliro akuluakulu oti azidalira odzipereka omwe salipidwa kuti apereke misonkhano yayikulu, monga kumenyana ndi moto ndi ambulansi, kupulumutsa kapena EMS squads.
Komanso, ofufuza omwe atchulidwa m'nkhaniyi adapeza kuti, pamene maboma akuphatikizana, malipiro ndi malipiro a ogwira ntchito ogwira ntchitowo amayamba kuwonjezeka pamlingo woperekedwa ndi boma loposa kulipira.
Kuonjezera apo, "kugwirizanitsa" kwa antchito ndi mautumiki kumathandizanso kuwonjezereka mautumiki (ndipo motero ndalama zowonjezera) kwa anthu okhala m'madera omwe ali ndi chithandizo chapansi kwambiri. Pamapeto pake, ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa kupyolera mwa kuchepetsa makampani oyendetsa mabungwe, ogwira ntchito ndi zipangizo ndizoposa kukhumudwitsidwa ndi kuwonjezerapo malipilo kwa antchito ambiri.
Ndalama za Illinois za Phunziro la Boma
Kafukufuku wa zachuma ku boma la Illinois akuwonetsa kuti, poyerekeza ndi malipiro ambiri m'matawuni, anthu ogwira ntchito kuntchito amapindula 35 peresenti, ogwira ntchito m'boma amapeza 46 peresenti ndipo antchito a boma amalandira 49%. Townships ali ndi 77% malo awo omwe adadzazidwa ndi anthu ena, kusiyana ndi 25% m'matauni, ndi 9 peresenti m'madera komanso 31% mu boma la boma. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti, ndalama zonse mumzindawu zinakwera ndi 17 peresenti kuyambira 1992 mpaka 2007, poyerekeza ndi 50% m'matauni, 66% m'madera ndi 51% mu boma la boma. Chinthu chinanso ndi chakuti amaleji nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi antchito ochepa pokhapokha akukhalapo kusiyana ndi maboma ena.
Monga m'mayiko ena, ndalama za m'madera a sukulu ya Illinois zikukwera mofulumira, kufika 74% mu 1992 mpaka 2007. Misonkho ya chiwerengero cha sukulu ya sukulu ndi 25% yapamwamba kusiyana ndi malipiro amatauni, ndipo 23% mwa iwo omwe ali pamsonkhano ndi nthawi yake.
Zowonjezera: Zina mwazinthu zamakono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsera ndalama zimagwirizanitsa ndalama, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira mapulogalamu, koma zomwe zimapangitsa kuti okhometsa msonkho akulepheretsedwe kuzipinda zawo.