Mtima ndi Zapang'ono
Pali zosavomerezeka zomveka zokhudzana ndi usilikali pankhani ya imodzi mwa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri m'thupi: ubongo ndi mtima. Matenda a mtima osadziŵika amachititsa kuti asilikali amwalire akamaphunzira pamene akuvutika maganizo kwambiri. Zambiri mwazifukwa zosalongosoka zachipatala zinalembedwa chifukwa cha kutayika kwa wina amene akutumikira kapena mbiri zina zachipatala zomwe zimafuna kuti mtima ndi mphamvu zofanana zikhoze kugwira ntchito pamagulu ena.
Mtima
Mtima wa munthu uli pafupi kukula kwa chibonga cha munthu ndi mapampu oksijeni ndi magazi olemera kwambiri m'thupi kuti athe kusamalira moyo. Zolakwitsa zilizonse zokhudzana ndi luso limeneli zidzakhudza kwambiri mphamvu ya msilikali kuti athe kupirira mwakuthupi kapena zovuta. Mtima umagunda 100,000 patsiku, kupopera magawo asanu kapena magawo asanu a magazi pamphindi iliyonse, kapena madola 2,000 patsiku. Nkhani iliyonse yomwe imapangitsa kuti sitingakwanitse kugwira ntchitoyi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kukanidwa, kulembedwa, ndi kulembedwa (popanda chilolezo chovomerezeka) zili pansipa:
Ntchito ya Valve ya Mtima kapena Matenda
Panopa kapena mbiri ya matenda onse a mtima wa valvular, obadwa nawo kapena opezeka, kuphatikizapo omwe akuchitidwa opaleshoni, akulephera. Mitral valve prova kapena bicuspid valve valve sichikuletsedwa pokhapokha ngati pali chiwerengero cha mtima wapamwamba kwambiri (tachyarrhythmia), ntchito yothamanga yosagwira ntchito (mitral valve regurgitation), kuchepa kwa mitsempha (aortic stenosis), kusakwanira, kapena kukulitsa mtima (cardiomegaly ).
Nthenda yamakono kapena mbiriyakale yamtima ya mtima imalephera.
Pakalipano kapena mbiri ya chiwonongeko chosadziwika bwino chothamanga mtima (arrhythmia) kapena electrocardiographic umboni wa arrhythmia.
Pakalipano kapena mbiri ya chiwerengero cha mtima chokwanira, kapena mtundu uliwonse wa mtima wosagonjetsedwa (arrhythmia) wochokera ku nthenda ya atrium kapena sinoatrial, monga ntchentche, ndi mafinyrative, kupatula ngati simunayambe kubwereranso zaka ziwiri zapitazi pamene mukuchotsa mankhwala onse, akulephera.
Kusanayambe kwapachiyambi kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachititsa kuti munthu adziwe chithandizo, kapena amachititsa kuti asokonezeke mwakuthupi kapena m'maganizo, sakuyenera.
Pakalipano kapena mbiri ya ventricular arrhythmias, kuphatikizapo fibrication ventricular, tachycardia, kapena njira zambiri zowonongeka zowonongeka, sizingatheke. Zomwe zimachitika nthawi zina zimakhala zosavomerezeka.
Masiku ano kapena mbiri ya matenda okhudza ventricular conduction, kuphatikizapo, koma osati kumangokhala ndi mavuto ndi nthambi yotsalira yamagulu, Mobitz mtundu II wachiwiri digiri ya atrioventricular (AV) block, ndi digiri yachitatu AV block ndi Lown-Ganong-Levine-Syndrome yogwirizana ndi arrhythmia kusayenerera. Pakalipano kapena mbiri ya Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, kupatula ngati yathyoledwa bwino kwa zaka ziwiri popanda kuphatikiza kwa arrhythmia ndipo tsopano ndi electrocardiogram yachibadwa, ikuyenerera.
Panopa kapena mbiri ya kusokonezeka kwa ma conduction monga yoyamba digiriti AV, kutsalira kumbuyo kwachitsulo, chitetezo chokwanira, kapena mtundu wa Mobitz wachiwiri digiri ya AV imakhala yosayenera pamene zizindikiro kapena zogwirizana ndi matenda a mtima.
Kugonana kwapachikulire, kuthamanga kwa thupi kapena kusinthasintha kwa mtima kuli kosayenera.
Pakalipano kapena mbiri ya kusalongosoka kwa mitsempha ya mtima (cardiomyopathy), kuphatikizapo kutupa kwa mtima (myocarditis), kapena kupweteka mtima kwa mtima, sikulepheretsa.
Pakalipano kapena mbiri ya kutupa ndi kukwiyitsa kwa peicardium, nsonga yofiira yochuluka yozungulira mtima wanu (pericarditis), kupatula ngati munthu alibe zizindikiro zonse kwa zaka ziwiri, ndipo alibe umboni wa kukanika kwa mtima kapena kupitilira kwina kwasokonekera, akulepheretsa.
Tachycardia yamakono (kupuma kwa chipolowe cha 100 pamphindi kapena kuposerapo) ndikutayika.
Masiku ano kapena mbiri ya congenital yolakwika ya mitima ndi ziwiya zazikulu, kupatula kukonza chivomezi cha ductus arteriosus, sizikuyenera.
Vascular system
Pakalipano kapena mbiri ya zovuta za mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya magazi, kuphatikizapo, koma osati kwa anaurysms, atherosclerosis, kapena arteritis, akulephera.
Masiku ano kapena mbiri ya matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito matenda oopsa kwambiri amalepheretsa. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa magazi kumatanthawuza kuti pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa katatu kotsatizana kotsalira kwa magazi kumagawidwa ndi mphindi khumi, diastolic yaikulu kuposa 90 mmHg kapena miyeso itatu yotsatizana ya systolic kuposa 140 mmHg ikuyenerera.
Mbiri ya pulmonary kapena systemic embolization ikulephera.
Panopo kapena mbiri ya matenda a mitsempha yowopsa, kuphatikizapo, koma osati ku matenda monga Raynaud's Disease pamene magazi amatsitsika kapena amachepetsedwa ku chiwerengero chomwe chimapangitsa kuti thupi lisatuluke.
Masiku ano kapena mbiri ya matenda a venous, kuphatikizapo koma osaperewera, zochitika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutupa kumapangitse kuti magazi azipanga ndi kuletsa mitsempha imodzi kapena yambiri, kawirikawiri miyendo yanu (thrombophlebitis). Thrombophlebitis m'zaka zapitazo, kapena umboni uliwonse wosadziwika bwino, monga mitsempha yayikulu kapena yodabwitsa ya mitsempha yam'mimba, edema, kapena zilonda za khungu, ndizosavomerezeka.
Kuchokera ku Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo (DOD) Directive 6130.3, "Makhalidwe Abwino Osankhidwa, Kulembetsa, ndi Kulowetsa," ndi DOD Malamulo 6130.4, "Zofunikira ndi Zomwe Zikufunikiratu pa Malamulo a Kukonzekera, Kulembetsa, kapena Kugonjetsa Zida. "