Zochitika Zomwe Zinasintha Momwe Uthenga Wopangidwira Wowonjezera Wa Media Umakhudzira

by Glenn Halbrooks

Kufalitsa uthenga nthawi zonse kumasintha. Nthawi zina, makampani opanga mafilimu amatulutsa zinthu zofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimabweretsa kusintha msanga kuchokera ku boardroom kupita kumisewu. Zochitika khumi ndi ziwirizi zikuimira zovuta zowopsya momwe nkhani ikukhudzidwira .

01 1963: Kennedy Assassination Akukakamizika Kuwonetsa pa TV News Coverage

Osakayikira tsopano, koma pulezidenti Kennedy asanaphedwe, atolankhani ambiri ofunika kwambiri ankafuna kugwira ntchito pa wailesi kapena nyuzipepala. TV ikuwonedwa ngati zosangalatsa zosangalatsa.

Kupha Kennedy kunayambika mwa njira yomwe inasonyeza mphamvu ya televizioni. Radiyo siinathe kusonyeza kuwombera ndi nyuzipepala sikukanakhoza kugwira sewero la mphindi.

Firimu ya kuwombera iyenera kubwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza ku fuko loopsya. Mauthenga amoyo ochokera kuchipatala adakhumudwa ndi mphindi. Kuphedwa kwa Kennedy wakupha Lee Harvey Oswald kunasonyezanso pa TV.

Televizioni inapereka mafano osunthira poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zomwe zilipobe m'nyuzipepala, ndipo ma TV omwe amakhalapo amakhala ofanana kwambiri ndi wailesi. Zaka za TV zayamba.

02 1968: Walter Cronkite Amasintha Maganizo a Anthu a Nkhondo ya Vietnam

Lero, mungapeze malingaliro anu omwe mukudutsa kudzera m'nkhani pa chingwe cha TV. N'zosavuta kutulutsa phokoso pamene ikubwera kuchokera kumbali yonse.

Pewani nthawi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960. CBS News imalimbikitsa Walter Cronkite, atatha kulengeza pa nkhondo ya Vietnam, adagonjetsa kuti nkhondoyi ingathe kuthetsa mavuto.

Pochoka pafupipafupi kuchokera ku lipoti labwino la nkhani, adayankhula kuchokera pansi pa mtima pa nkhani yofalitsa madzulo. Anati nkhondoyo siinali yopindulitsa. Ena amati adatsogolera Pulezidenti Johnson kuti akambirane ndi North North ndikumaliza ntchito zake zandale.

Ngakhale pambuyo pa imfa ya Cronkite mu 2009, otsutsa ena anamuwombera chifukwa cha chisokonezo. Koma mosiyana ndi olemba mabuku ambiri lerolino, Cronkite anatenga nthawi yofufuzira asanapereke maganizo ake.

03 1974: Ofalitsa Akubweretsa Pulezidenti Nixon Pansi

Zolemba zafukufuku zinadzaza ndi Bob Woodward ndi Carl Bernstein wa Washington Post . Kufuna kwawo ntchito zoletsedwa ndi Purezidenti Nixon pomalizira pake kunapangitsa kufufuza kwa Watergate ndi kulekerera.

Iwo akhala akugwira ntchito zaka zambiri, monga otchuka "Deep Throat", ndipo anali ndi chithandizo cha olemba nyuzipepala ndi mwiniwake.

Woodward ndi Bernstein ali osasunthika mu bukhu logulitsidwa kwambiri ndi filimu Yopambana Mphoto ya Academy Men's All Men's . Buku lonse ndi filimu zikuwonetsa zomwe zinatengera kuti ndipeze imodzi mwa nkhani zazikulu zokhudzana ndi zaka za m'ma 2000.

Awa anali atolankhani ambiri ofunitsitsa kuchita ntchito yopenda. Kuyambira kale, mavuto a kampani ndi ndale akhala akudziwitsa anthu kuti ndi ovuta.

04 1979: Kusokonezeka kwa dziko la Iran kumapanga mtundu watsopano wa TV News Program

Amereka akukumana ndi zovuta zandale nthawi zonse, koma kunja kwa nkhondo, Iran ikugwera mavuto omwe amachititsa chidwi dzikoli ngati ena ochepa. Asilikali a ku Irani adagonjetsa anthu 52 ku America atatha kuwatumiza ku Embassy ku United States ku Tehran.

Owonera TV akufunikira kudziwa zambiri kuposa mauthenga a madzulo. ABC News inakhazikitsa ndondomeko yamasana usiku yomwe inakhala Nightline .

Lero, ife timatenga mapulogalamuwa mopepuka, koma chaka chinali chaka chisanachitike kubadwa kwa CNN. Achimereka anali ndi zosankha zochepa zofalitsa nkhani.

Usiku wa usiku unali wosiyana ndiwonetsero ngati Mphindi 60 chifukwa zinapangidwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zinthu zamoyo zomwe zinkatheka ndi teknoloji yatsopano ya satana. Palibe malo omwe owona angapeze nkhani yapamwamba ya tsiku ndi zokambirana ndi kusanthula.

05 1986: Ana a Mboni zapadera pa TV

Malo opanga mawotchi othamanga anali atasintha kwambiri m'chaka cha 1986 kuti maseŵero a pa TV sanathenso kufalitsa. Koma ana a sukulu zikwizikwi anali kuyang'ana mwachidwi NASA TV kuti Challenger ayambe.

Ndichifukwa chakuti aphunzitsi Christa McAuliffe adzakhala anthu oyambirira kuwuluka. Iye anali kale dzina la banja.

Anawo ankayang'anitsitsa mwatsatanetsatane tsoka la anthu pamene chiphalalacho chinaphulika. Makolo, omwe mwina atasintha nkhani yowawayi ya ana awo pakhomo, adayenera kufotokozera zomwe ana awo aamuna ndi aakazi anaziwona m'kalasi yawo.

Nkhani yofalitsa nkhani inali yosavuta. Ma TV omwe sakhala ndi mwayi wopeza zinthu zisanawonedwe. Zosadziwika zingakhale zomvetsa chisoni.

06 1987: Kubwereza kwa Chiphunzitso Chachilungamo Kumapanga Mauthenga a Masiku Ano

Owerenga ambiri pa wailesi sakudziwa kuti n'chifukwa chiyani Federal Communications Commission ikutsutsa Chidziwitso Chachilungamo chinali chisankho chodabwitsa. Koma zotsatira zake n'zosavuta kuziwona.

Chiphunzitsochi chimafuna ofalitsa omwe analola zokambirana za zokangana pazochitika zawo kuti azipereka maganizo osiyana. Kuyambira mu 1949, chinali lamulo.

Mutatha kubweretsedwa, lankhulani mauthenga ailesi ngati Rush Limbaugh akhoza kupereka mbali imodzi yokha. Munthu wokhoza alendo akhoza ngakhale kukankhira ndale .

Masiku ano, mauthenga a pailesi amayendetsedwa ndi mabungwe ovomerezeka a ndale. Anthu omwe ali ndi ufulu wotsamira ndi ufulu kuti apange mapulogalamu awo, koma ambiri samakhudza anthu ambiri. Msikawo unapanga chisankho chimenecho, osati boma.

07 1991: The Persian Gulf War ndi Broadcast pa Live TV

Teknoloji inapereka mpata watsopano pofalitsa nkhani pamene America inalowa mu Persian Gulf War ndi Iraq. Anthu panyumba akhoza kuyang'ana moyo pamene mkangano unkachitika.

Pamene zochitika zazikulu za nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse zinkachitika pa radiyo, ndipo nkhondo ya Vietnam inavumbulutsidwa pafilimu, ma satellite amapanga TV.

Chifukwa chakuti nkhondoyi inapambana kupambana mwamsanga kwa US, atsogoleri a nkhondo monga Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf anakhala odziwika mwamsanga. Pulezidenti George HW Bush anatchuka.

Koma atsogoleri a ndale adamva zomwe zanenedwa zikudziwidwa kale - zofalitsa zakhalabe pafupifupi moyo. Kutchuka kwa Bush kunakula, ndipo adagonjetsedwa kuti asankhenso chaka chimodzi.

08 1994: OJ Simpson Drama ikutsogolera dziko lonse

Nthano ya OJ Simpson itatha, anthu anathamangira ku ma TV kuti atsatire nkhani yovuta kwambiri ya zaka khumi. Mmodzi mwa nyenyezi zapamwamba kwambiri zozikonda kwambiri m'dzikoli anaimbidwa mlandu wopha mkazi wake wakale Nicole Brown Simpson ndi Ron Goldman.

Chifukwa nkhaniyi inafika ku Los Angeles, zidazo zinalipo kuti ziphimbe. Simpson akuthawa mu Ford Bronco sakanatha kumadera akutali.

California, mosiyana ndi mayiko ena, amalola makamera kumakhoti. Pamene Simpson anaweruzidwa, umboni unalipo kuti anthu aziwonera - ndipo mamiliyoni adachita.

Ngati si kwa TV, "Mayesero a Zaka Zapakati" akadakhala mndandanda wa masewero owonetsera zosangalatsa ndi masewera. Mmalo mwake, iyo inakhala sewero lalamulo lamoyo weniweni yemwe sangakhoze kuiwala.

09 1998: Monica Lewinsky Ziphuphu Zimayambitsa Kugonana Kwambiri

Nkhani zogonana zinkakakamizidwa pa nkhani zofalitsa nkhani chifukwa cha chiyanjano pakati pa Pulezidenti Clinton ndi White House intern Monica Lewinsky. Zakale zisanachitikepo, ndale ndi ndale zakhala zikugwedezeka kwambiri kuti zingakhudze mbiri ya US.

Mawu omwe sanasindikizidwe m'manyuzipepala kapena kutchulidwa ndi anthipoti amatsenga anapereka mfundo zofunika pa kufufuza. Chifukwa chakuti utsogoleri wa Clinton unali pangozi, nkhaniyi sinali yowonjezera chakudya chokwanira pa masitolo akuluakulu.

Pamapeto pake, ukwati wa Clinton ndi utsogoleri wake udapulumuka, ngakhale kuti a nyumba ya maimilire a US adanyengerera. Koma kufotokoza zofalitsa nkhani za kusadandaula kwake kunapangitsanso maganizo a a America a pulezidenti.

10000: Zolakwa Zosankhidwa ndi Purezidenti pa Chiweruzo

Ngati munkafuna kuti muwonetsetse kuti nambala ya TV yotsegulira nyuzipepala ikugwedezeka pansi pano, usiku wa chisankho 2000 inapatsa mwayi. Onse anayenera kuchita zosaganizirika kuti azikhala ndi TV - akubwezeretsanso ma intaneti awo omwe apambana.

Ayenera kuti anaganiza kuti, "Kodi ndife okha amene tingasokoneze izi?" pamene iwo abwereranso. Madzulo omwewo, adanena kuti mpikisanowu unali Gore, ndiye "pafupi kwambiri ndikutchula", ndiye Bush, ndiye "atayandikira" tsiku lotsatira.

Chinthu chokha chokhazikitsidwa bwino chinali chakuti mpikisano unalidi pafupi kwambiri kuitana. Palibe chiwerengero cha munthu yemwe angakhoze kutenga gawo la mavoti ochepa chabe.

Sitidzawonanso konse mpikisano wa pulezidenti akhalabe akufunsanso kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma tidzakumbukira nthawi zonse momwe nyuzipepala zamalonda zimasonyezera zolakwika pachisankho.

2001: Kuphimba 9/11, Dziko Loipa Kwambiri

Olemba nkhani aona masoka ambirimbiri, koma palibe zofanana ndi zoopsa zauchigaŵenga cha 9/11. Chiwawacho chinasintha momwe nkhani zotsatilira 9/11 zikukhudzidwa .

Zopseza zazitsutso zatsopano zimaphimbidwa mozama. Ambiri amalankhulana ndi nkhanza zomwe amva. Mabodza tsopano atsimikizika ngati ali okhulupilika.

Izi ndizofunikira ku mbali yowonongeka ndi mantha a boma. Boma litaganiza kuti pali vuto lokwanira kusintha ndondomeko yamtunduwu, monga wochokera ku chikasu mpaka ku lalanje kapena wofiira, nyuzipepala zamanema zinalengeza izo.

Ndondomeko yowonongeka idapuma pantchito mu 2011. Koma zotsatira zake zakhalabe - chiwawa chotheka chikhoza kufotokozedwa, ziribe kanthu momwe zidziwitse, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri tsopano akusokoneza ma bulletins a vuto lotheka.

12 2007: Social Media Ikutsogolera M'mabuku Otsutsana

Kupha anthu ku Virginia Tech kunasiya anthu 32 atafa. Chifukwa chachitika ku koleji, ophunzira a tech-savvy adasonyeza dziko lapansi mtsogolomu yotsutsa nkhani.

Makampani opanga TV sanali oyenera. Mauthenga a mauthenga amalembedwa uthenga pomwe foni yam'manja imatha kufalikira pang'onopang'ono.

Ichi chinali chozizwitsa kwambiri pakufalitsa anthu. Zithunzi ndi kanema sizinali ndi mapulogalamu a bungwe lofalitsa nkhani , koma adagwidwa mantha omwe anthu omwe anali nawo pamsasa adamva.

M'tsogolo, ogula adzasankha ngati ndi momwe akufunira nkhani zawo. Anthu a tsiku ndi tsiku akupanga nkhani zofiira tsopano akukangana ndi atolankhani a zamalonda, omwe bungwe lawo limasiya kukhulupirira kuti sakupeza uthenga weniweni.