Mbiri Yatsopano ya TV mu zaka za m'ma 1960
M'masiku akale-ofiira ndi oyera a televizioni, awo omwe ankagwira ntchito mu TV nthawi zambiri anali ndi maziko mu railesi kapena nyuzipepala. Nyuzipepala yamanema ya TV inalepheretsedwa chifukwa idalibe mbiri ya nyuzipepala ya journalism, komanso idatha kumaliza ndi mauthenga amoyo, pawonekedwe chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zipangizo zamakono.
Koma TV ikukula mofulumira ndi kuphedwa kwa Kennedy. Chochitika chimenecho chinali chofunika kwambiri, ndi chimodzi mwa zochitika 12 zomwe zasintha kufalitsa uthenga wa TV kosatha. Olemba TV akuyenera kupeza njira yopezera kanema , mafilimu, zithunzi - zithunzi - mtundu uliwonse - kuchokera ku Dallas, Texas, kupita ku malo osungirako makanema kuti akafalitsidwe ku mtunduwo. Chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi wamalonda (panalibe akazi) kungowerenga script pa kamera kuchokera ku New York kapena Washington sikukwanira.
Chochitika chimenecho chinawonetsa anthu pamakampani ndi malo omwe amagwirizana nawo m'dziko lonselo kuti mbiri yakale ya TV ikupangidwa kudzera mu zithunzi ndi kanema.
Izi zikuwoneka lero, koma zaka 50 zapitazo panalibe njira yophweka yowonetsera kanema kuchokera ku zochitika zamakono.
Nkhondo zochokera ku nkhondo ya Vietnam zinali masiku angapo asanalowe zipinda zodyerako zachi America. Kuwonekera kwa moyo kwa mapulaneti kapena zochitika zina zomwe zinakonzedwa zinatenga magalimoto akuluakulu ndi makamera omwe amayenera kukhazikitsidwa maola nthawi isanakwane.
Satellites sanali pafupi kuti atumize kanema padziko lonse panthawi yomweyo.
TV News History m'ma 1970
Zaka khumi zatsopano zinabweretsa zinthu zambiri pa TV. Owonerera akuwona anthu ena osati azungu akupereka nkhani zawo monga malo ndi mafilimu anawonjezera amayi ndi anthu a mitundu ina kwa ogwira ntchito awo. Barbara Walters anapanga mbiri yakale ya TV pamene adalumikizana ndi Harry Reasoner ku ABC kuti akhale mkazi woyamba kulumikiza ma TV.
Kwa malo apafupi, chizolowezi chinayamba kukhala ndi "magulu" omwe akufalitsa nkhani, osati munthu wotsatira debulo losavuta. Mu zaka za mtundu wa TV, ndalama zambiri zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma desks, nyimbo zamakono, zojambulajambula zamakono ndi kulengeza uthenga. Onetsani kuti bizinesi inayamba kukhala ndi zokopa pazochitika pazomwe zikuchitika m'deralo. Kawirikawiri amalangizi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kufufuza msika. Cholinga chawo chinali kuchititsa anthu kuti adziwe zambiri zomwe ankafuna kuziwona, malinga ndi zomwe ankafunikira kudziwa.
Ndi chifukwa chimodzi chomwe TV zamalonda zakanema zinayamba kuyang'ana chimodzimodzi, mosasamala kanthu kuti mukuyang'ana ku Denver, Dallas kapena Detroit. Malingana ndi kafukufuku, magalimoto anaganiza kuti magulu awo oyendetsa amafunika kukhala ofunda, okondana ndi oseketsa, omwe anayamba nthawi imene ena amawatcha "zokondweretsa zokambirana." Kulekanitsa pakati pa mamembala a gulu kumakhala kovuta poyambitsa chiyanjano ndi owonerera, kotero wobwebweta akuseka phokoso la weatherman analimbikitsidwa kuti athetse "show".
Zaka khumizi, videotape inayamba kutenga filimu, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza zithunzi pamlengalenga mofulumira. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhala magalimoto a microwave amalola malo am'deralo kuti "apite moyo" kuchokera kumaloko pakanthawi. Pofuna kuwonongera ndalama zogulira katundu, malo ena okhala ndi zida zowonjezera zimakhala, kuti asonyeze kuti angathe.
Mbiri ya TV News m'ma 1980
Zaka za m'ma 1980 zinasonyezeranso momwe makampani opangira ma TV athandizira mbiri ya TV. Iwo amakhulupirira ogwira ntchito ndi ma sitesi kuti pali zambiri zomwe angapereke kuposa nkhani, nyengo, ndi masewera.
Mabungwe amitundu ina amafuna kuti miyoyo ya owonetsa ikhale yabwino. Izi zinaphatikizapo kuwonetsa zaumoyo ndi ogulitsa kuti athandize anthu kukhala moyo wautali ndikusunga ndalama. Panalibenso nkhani zamalonda zokhudzana ndi zochitika za tsikulo zomwe zilipo. Malipoti awa, otchedwa "franchises", ankakonda kulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti akhale njira yosiyanitsira nkhani kuchokera ku mpikisano.
Otsutsawo amawombera malo osungira malo poika kalembedwe pamwamba pa katundu, koma ndalamazo zingathe kupangidwanso pa intaneti. Pamene Walter Cronkite wodabwitsa kwambiri adachoka kumalo a CBS Evening News mu 1981, adasinthidwa ndi Dan M'malo mwake, yemwe amadziwika chifukwa cha mbiri yake yovuta pa Intaneti ya 60 Minutes newsmagazine. Panali nthawi yomwe adayamba kuvala zithunzi pamwamba pansi pa suketi yake - ena amati akuwongolera moyo wake.
Zaka khumizi zinayamba kuyika makompyuta ku nkhani zambiri, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti aliyense atenge nkhani zosawerengeka kwa nambala ya foni yam'nyumba. Makomiti ndi malo ena anawonjezera ngakhale magetsi a satelesi, zomwe zinawathandiza kuti ayendetse dziko lonse kuti akambirane nkhani zatsopano. Mofanana ndi kukhazikitsa magalimoto a microwave m'zaka za m'ma 1970, magalimoto anayang'ana chifukwa china chogwiritsira ntchito zipangizozi, ngakhale kuyendetsa makilomita mazana kuti akayende mvula yamkuntho yomwe sinawopsyeze malo awo.
Mbiri Yatsopano ya TV mu zaka za m'ma 1990
Kwa ma intaneti, zaka za m'ma 1990 zinali zaka za nyuzipepala. Pamene owona anali atadziwa kale ndi Mphindi 60 ndi ABC 20/20 , mawonetsero ena ofanana anayamba kuyambira pa ndondomeko za makanema monga njira zochepetsera zopangira zosangalatsa zolemba. Prime ABC Live (yomwe kwenikweni inayamba kumapeto kwa 1989), Dateline NBC ya NBC ndi CBS Eye to Eye ndi Connie Chung ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe panthawiyi.
Ambiri amamenyera nkhondo kuti adzipangire mayina okha mwa kutembenuza kupoti lofufuzira, lomwe linayambitsa mikangano. Dateline NBC anakakamizika kupepesa atatulutsa lipoti lolakwika pa moto wamoto wamoto. Prime ABC Live Live inatenga kutentha kwa momwe inanenera nkhani ya kayendedwe ka zakudya zamakono.
Zigawo zina zapanyumbazo zinachoka ku zolemba zaumoyo ndi ogula ogwira ntchito ku banja kuti azifufuza mwakhama, kafukufuku wamagulu. Logos zinalinganiziridwa kuti zikhale zazikulu, zowonjezereka kuti zikope chidwi cha owona, omwe tsopano anali ndi mapulogalamu ochuluka kwambiri owonera ena osati ma TV chifukwa cha TV.
Pulezidenti Bill Clinton akunyengerera nkhani za kugonana zokhudza Monica Lewinsky ndi nkhani yopangidwa nthawiyi. Komabe, ambiri olemba nyuzipepala akudandaula kuti adzibwereze mfundo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutsitsa purezidenti.
Ndi intaneti yoyamba kukhala gawo la nyumba za Achimereka, mabungwe amabuku akupanga machitidwe awo oyambirira a ma imelo ndi mawebhusayithi kuti alankhule ndi anthu m'njira yatsopano. Iwo sankamadziwa ndiye za kusintha kwa makompyuta komwe kungayesetse kulamulira kwawo monga opereka uthenga.
Mbiri Yatsopano ya TV mu zaka za m'ma 2000
Kafukufuku wamakono ndi luso lamakono linatenga mpando wakumbuyo ku lipoti lakale m'zaka za m'ma 2000, chifukwa cha zochitika ziwiri - chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2000 ndi kugawenga kwauchigawenga kwa 9/11 chaka cha 2001. Mwadzidzidzi, kukonza kachitsulo ndi kugonana kwachisawawa kunakhala kochepa.
Chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2000 sichinali chochitika cha tv-chonchi monga kutsegulidwa kwapansi kapena mphepo yamkuntho, komabe oyang'anira televizioni sanathe kusankha koma kubisala. Kusonkhanitsa kwathunthu ndi kufotokozera ku Florida zolemba sizingapangitse mapulogalamu okondweretsa, koma tsogolo la utsogoleri wa dzikoli linali pangozi. Nkhani za TV zathandizira Amwenye kuti amvetsetse Electoral College ndi zina zomwe zaiwalika kachitidwe ka chisankho.
Kugonjetsa kwauchigawenga kwa 9/11 mwa iwo okha kunasintha TV nkhani m'njira zomwe silinganenedweratu. Anchoka anapeza kuti nthawi yomweyo amawauza nkhani zoipa poyesera kutsimikizira owonawo. Nyumba zamakono zomwe zinamva za mphekesera za zowonjezereka zokhudzana ndi uchigawenga zinayenera kusankha ngati ziyenera kunena zomwe zimadziwa kapena kudikira kuti zidziwe zoona.
Kukula kwa intaneti kunapangitsa kuti mavidiyo amavomerezedwe mosavuta, omwe anabweretsa vuto lawolo. Mabungwe azinthu amayenera kusankha ngati kuika nkhani pa intaneti nthawi yomweyo kuti amenyane ndi mpikisano wawo kapena kusiya mpaka pambuyo pa maulendo awo paulendo kuti owona awo asavutike.
Mbiri ya News News mu 2010s
Zaka khumi zabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu kwazamakono kuti ndi kovuta kudziwa zomwe owona akufuna kuchokera pa TV. Pali zosankha zambiri momwe mungapeze zambiri zomwe mukukhala pansi kuti muwonere 6:00 masana nkhani ikukhala chizoloŵezi cha mibadwo yapitayi yosagwirizana kwambiri ndi otsatsa malonda a lero.
Makampani opanga TV akusintha zomwe akufunikira kuti akhale opereka mauthenga pamadera osiyanasiyana. Mawebusaiti ndi mbali imodzi ya njira yoberekera. Facebook, Twitter ndi mitundu ina ya chikhalidwe cha anthu zakhala njira zofunikira zopezera owonerera omwe akutha. Zida zamakono, kuchokera pa foni zam'manja kupita kumakompyuta a piritsi, akukakamiza njira kuti ikhale yopindulitsa kuti ikafikire anthu popita.
N'zosavuta kuganiza kuti nkhani zachikhalidwe za TV sizidzatha. Koma malo opindulitsa ndi mawebusaiti amatha kuonjezera zovuta za kukhalapo kwazaka makumi ambiri poyang'ana pa zomwe zawafikitsa mpaka pano - kulongosola kolimba, kolondola komwe sikungakhudzidwe ndi magulu ena akunja, mawonedwe owonetsera maonekedwe ndi ma TV omwe ali odalirika omwe amapanga mawonekedwe ubale wokhalitsa ndi omvera awo.