Kupititsa patsogolo mwatsatanetsatane wa makina osindikizira mu 1456, omwe amanenedwa ndi Johannes Gutenberg, ndipo muli ndi kuyamba kwa kufalikira kwa chidziwitso, mwachitsanzo, nkhani.
Mofulumira kachiwiri, mpaka m'ma 1920, ndipo tikuwona zochitika zina zoyambirira m'mabuku a zamalonda, monga zolemba zamalonda zamakono zimalengedwa ndi kuvomerezedwa.
Kodi Journalism ndi chiyani?
Kulemba zamalonda ndi kulengeza nkhani. Ndipo, monga ine ndikuwonera pano , zofunikira ndi 5 W's: Who, What, Where, When and Why of story. Ngakhale osindikiza atolankhani amatsatira mwatsatanetsatane momwe akufotokozera nkhani, pali nkhani zosiyanasiyana zomwe zikufotokozedwa. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito nyuzipepala iliyonse yayikulu, monga Washington Post kapena The New York Times , muwona zigawo zonse zosiyana. Ntchito yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti muzimva za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhani zomwe zikufotokozedwa ndikuyang'ana pamapeto a mapepala akuluakulu - pamapeto pake mudzazindikira kuti pali chilichonse chochokera ku masewera kupita ku masewera ku bizinesi kupita ku chikhalidwe.
"Mitundu" mu Journalism
Kuphatikiza pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana zomwe zikufotokozedwa mu nkhani zamalonda, palinso njira zosiyanasiyana zofalitsira nkhaniyi.
Mwachidule, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena "mitundu" ya zolemba. Zitsanzo zochepa ndizolemba zofufuzidwa (kumene wolemba nkhani amayesera kufotokoza zolakwika poyang'ana nkhani ngati ngati woyang'anira); ndi mawonekedwe autali kapena nkhani yosimba nkhani, yomwe imadziwikanso ndi "nthano zatsopano" (zomwe nkhani ndizitali komanso zowonjezera).
Palinso kusiyana pakati pa zinthu, zomwe zingaphimbe munthu kapena mchitidwe, ndi nkhani zomveka bwino, zomwe zimapereka chidziwitso molunjika pa chinachake chomwe chachitika.
Kuwerenga Zolemba Zolemba
Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizofalitsa uthenga wabwino, choncho ndizofunikira kuwerenga zambiri zokhudza munda ngati zikukukondani. Pofika pamapeto apa pali mabuku ena, kuchokera kumalo oongoka polemba nkhani kupita ku nkhani zachikondi (ndipo nthawi zina zamisala) zolemba:
- Zolemba za Bill Kovach ndi Tom Rosenstiel: Bukhu ili ndi choyimira chabwino pa zofunikira za kulemba nkhani.
- Buku la Associated Press la Kulemba Nkhani : Njira ina yabwino yowunikira nkhani zowonongeka.
- New New Journalism ndi Robert Boynton: Zomwe zinayambitsa zokambirana ndi ena omwe amatsogolera atolankhani a nthawi yaitali akugwira ntchito lero. Ndibwino kwambiri popeza olemba nkhaniwa amafotokoza zambiri za ntchito zawo komanso momwe adayambira mu mafakitale.
- Buku la Mammoth Book Journalism: 101 Zolemba za Olemba Otsiriza ndi Ofalitsa Okonzedwa ndi Jon Lewis: Popeza ndikuganiza kuti ndi kofunikira kuti ndiwerenge kulembedwa kwakukulu kuti ndikhale wolemba bwino, izi ndizo malo abwino oyamba. Mmenemo mudzapeza zidutswa za zozizwitsa m'munda, aliyense kuchokera ku Hemingway ku Orwell.
- Kuopa ndi Kudana ndi Las Vegas ndi Hunter S. Thompson: Kodi anyamata awiri ali ndi galimoto yodzala ndi mankhwala omwe amachokera ku bender ku Vegas akukhudzana ndi zamalonda? Tsono, Thompson, amene atchulidwa kuti adalenga Gonzo Journalism - kalembedwe kake kosasunthika kameneka kanatchulidwa chifukwa chakuti anadziyika yekha m'nkhani zake - ndi chimphona chamunda. Pofuna kutsegula, bukuli ndi losangalatsa kwambiri. (Onaninso Mantha ndi Kugonjetsa: Pa Njira Yoyendetsera Ntchito , yomwe mbiri ya Thompson imapanga mpikisano wa '72 wa aphungu ... mopanda ulemu komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo.)
- Kudya, Kuwombera & Masamba ndi Lynne Truss: Ngakhale ngati simukukonzekera kukhala mkonzi wa makina, muyenera kukhala ndi zoposa ma luso lachilankhulo. Ndipo wotsogoleredwa wamng'ono uyu wa zizindikiro zimapangitsa nkhani yooneka ngati yododometsa kukhala yosangalatsa kwambiri.
- Zomwe Zithunzi za William Strunk ndi EB White: Popeza sitingathe kuyankhula galamala ndipo sitinatchule buku lachikale pa mutuwu, ndikulangiza kuti muwone buku ili; ndiyomwe yapachiyambi, yofalitsidwa koyamba mu 1957, chifukwa cha zinthu zofunika kuzilemba.
- Anyamata pa Basi ndi Timoteo Crouse - Nkhani yodziwika kwambiri ya nthawi ya Crouse ikutsatira chisankho cha '72 cha pulezidenti monga wolemba "pa basi," mwachitsanzo, kuyendayenda ndi omwe akufuna (monga Thompson mu Fear and Loathing Njira Yoyendetsera Ntchito) Nixon ndi McGovern.